CT Imaging of Blunt and Penetrating Vascular Trauma DENNIS FOLEY MEDICAL COLLEGE WISCONSIN

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1 CT Imaging of Blunt and Penetrating Vascular Trauma DENNIS FOLEY MEDICAL COLLEGE WISCONSIN

2 THORACO ABDOMINAL TRAUMA cc/sec 30 secs 1.25 mm/ 55 mm Z mm/ 55 mm Z 1.375

3 Grade 1 Traumatic Aortic Injury

4 Initial scan Grade 2 Traumatic Aortic Injury 48 hour follow up

5 Differential Diagnosis TAI Grade 2 Ductus diverticulum Patent ductus arteriosus

6 DUCTUS DIVERTICULUM

7

8 Traumatic Aortic Injury Grade 1- small intimal tear or intramural hematoma Grade 2 pseudoaneurysm <50% aortic circumference Grade 3 pseudoaneurysm > 50% aortic circumference Grade 4 aortic transection and active hemorrhage

9 GRADE 2 TRAUMATIC AORTIC INJURY

10 3 MONTH FOLLOW UP

11 Management of TAI Observation ( Grade 1 and 2 ) TEVAR ( Grade 3 ) Surgery ( Grade 4 )

12 Thoracic Endovascular Aneurysm Repair TEVAR

13 GRADE 3 TRAUMATIC AORTIC INJURY

14 GRADE 4 TRAUMATIC AORTIC INJURY

15 Post TEVAR Complications Post TEVAR complications Endoleak Endograft collapse Stent migration Paraplegia Stroke Upper extremity ischemia

16 CHRONIC TRAUMATIC ANEURYSM

17 PSEUDOANEURYSM LCCA

18 TRAUMATIC TEAR INNOMINATE ARTERY

19 TRAUMATIC ANEURYSM DESCENDING AORTA

20 Intramural Hematoma RCA

21 Blunt Abdominal Aortic Injury Minimal ( injury limited to intima ) Significant ( associated hemorrhage / organ ischemia ) Dissection Pseudoaneurysm Branch Avulsion Thrombosis Transection

22 THORACO ABDOMINAL JUNC MINIMAL AORTIC INJURY

23 DISTAL ABDOMINAL AORTIC PS ANEURYSM PERI AORTIC HEMATOMA

24 Active Hepatic Hemorrhage ACTIVE SUBCAPSULAR HEPATIC HEMORHAGE PERI HEPATIC

25 Active Splenic Hemorrhage

26 GRADE 3 RENAL INJURY INTRA RENAL PERI RENAL HEMATOMA LACERATION> 1 CM, NO URINARY EXTRAVASATION

27 PERSISTENT HEMATURIA CLOT RETENTION ARTERIAL PHASE ACQUSITION SEGMENTAL ARTERIAL

28 Aorta Renal CT Angiogram

29 RIGHT RENAL ARTERIOGRAM

30 PDA ANEURYSM Focal saccular aneurysm of an hypertrophied pancreatico duodenal artery is usually related to Takayasu arteritis Segmental arterial mediolysis Median arcuate ligament compression of the Celiac Artery Blunt Abdominal Trauma

31 Median Arcuate Ligament Compression

32 Portal Vein Disruption

33 Abdominal Aortic Injury Risk Factors Blunt Abdominal Aortic Injury (BAAI ) Risk factors ( associated injuries ) Lumbar Spine Midline Intestine Retroperitoneal Organs Adjacent major arteries

34 BIFFL Grading Scheme Grade 1 intimal irregularity with dissection < 25% luminal narrowing Grade 2 Dissecting hematoma > 25% luminal narrowing of visible intramural flap Grade 3 Pseudoaneurysm or small AVF Grade 4 - Complete occlusion Grade 5 Transection ( active extrav ) or significant arteriovenous fistula

35 Cerebro Vascular CTA Injection / Acquisition MDCT CTA Arch, Carotid, Vertebral CCS / SEC 8 SECS FIRST CIRCULATION 64 X 0.625, 0.984:1, 0.5 SECS

36 Intimal Disruption / Dissection ICAs

37 RVA RCA LCA LVA

38 Cerebro Vascular Injury Clinical findings Neurological defecit Cervical hematoma Seat belt injury Fractures Cervical spine Skull base Facial

39 Cerebro Vascular Injury Mechanism Compression Inferior neck Inertial tear ( hyper extension ) High Cervical Transection Basal skull fracture

40 Vertebral Artery Aneurysm

41 Vertebral Artery Aneurysm Coil Embolisation

42 Lower Extremity Arterial Trauma CTA is an accurate modality for evaluating arterial lesions in patients with extremity trauma and can replace DSA. Jens S et al European Journal of Vascular / Endovascular Surgery 2013 Sept; 46 (3):

43 Lower Extremity CTA Injection / Acquisition 12 SECS ML/SEC 18 SECS FIRST CIRCULATION ACQUISITION INTERVAL ~TABLE SPEED BEAM WIDTH, PITCH, ROT SPEED

44 Aorto Popliteal Transit Time RT POP AT=30 S FLOW VEL 70 CM AORTA AT=19 S 6.36 CM/S LT POP AT=28 S 7.77 CM/S

45 Traumatic Arterial Occlusion

46 Traumatic Arterial Aneurysm

47 Traumatic Aneurysm Subclavian Artery

48 Laceration Subclavian Artery

49 CT Angiography: Trauma Detection of Vascular injuries is vital Appropriate Injection/ Acquisition is critical Routine Arterial Phase imaging Thorax Suspect Carotid/ Cerebral or Extremity Arterial Injury

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