1. What kind of blood is found in the rt. atrium? (oxygenated or deoxygenated)

Transcription

1 Carl Christennsen, PhD Chap. 19, 20, & 21 - Circulatory System Bio Human Anatomy HEART 1. What kind of blood is found in the rt. atrium? (oxygenated or deoxygenated) Where does this blood come from? (body or lungs) What 2 large blood vessels bring blood to this chamber? 2. What kind of blood is found in the right ventricle? (oxygenated or deoxygenated) Where is this blood going? (body or lungs) What blood vessel takes blood from this chamber? 3. What kind of blood is found in the left atrium? (oxygenated or deoxygenated) Where does this blood come from? (body or lungs) What 4 blood vessels bring blood to this chamber? 4. What kind of blood is found in the left ventricle? (oxygenated or deoxygenated) Where is this blood going? (body or lungs) What blood vessel takes blood from this chamber? 5. What is the general function of the valves? 6. What valve is found between the right atrium & ventricle? What valve is found between the left atrium & ventricle? This valve is also known as the valve. 7. Semilunar valves can only be found in what type of blood vessel? (artery or vein) Specifically, what 2 blood vessels contain semilunar valves? 8. How can you tell the difference between the atrioventricular (cuspid) & semilunar valves? 9. How can you tell the difference between the left & rt. sides of the heart? 10. The technical term for the heart strings is the. Heart strings are only associated with valves. 11. What is the function of the papillary muscles? 12. Semilunar valves prevent backflow into the. What actually closes these valves? 1

2 13. AV or cuspid valves prevent backflow into the. What actually closes these valves? 14. carry blood to the heart. (arteries or veins) 15. carry blood away from the heart. (arteries or veins) 16. In the systemic system, arteries always carry (oxygenated or deoxygenated) blood. In the systemic system, veins always carry (oxygenated or deoxygenated) blood. 17. In the pulmonic system, arteries always carry (oxygenated or deoxygenated) blood. In the pulmonic system, veins always carry (oxygenated or deoxygenated) blood. 18. Is deoxygenated blood really completely deoxygenated? 19. Blood vessels which deliver and drain blood from the heart muscle cells themselves are called. 20. The coronary sinus (vein) delivers (oxygenated or deoxygenated) blood to the atrium. 21. The right and left coronary arteries arise from the base of the. 22. Cardiac muscle cells form 2 separate networks: &. What separates the 2 networks? 23. Myofibers within a particular network are connected to other cells in that network by. 24. What is the effect of the autonomic nervous system on the heart (parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions)? 25. T or F Like skeletal muscle, contraction of the heart muscle depends on extrinsic nerve impulses. 26. Cardiac muscle is made up of contractile and noncontractile muscle cells. The noncontractile cells make up the system. 27. The conduction system includes what 2 nodes? 28. Where is the SA node located? 29. Where is the AV node located? 30. Which node is the pacemaker of the heart? 31. The spread of depolarization from the SA node to the AV node leads to (atrial or ventricular) contraction. 32. Where is the bundle of His located? 33. Where are the bundle branches and Purkinje fibers located? 34. What part of the conduction system stimulates most of the ventricle cells to contract? 35. Why is the Purkinje network more extensive on the left side? 36. Explain why the papillary muscles contract before the ventricle walls fully contract? 2

3 37. Blood always flows from pressure to pressure. 38. If pressure in a chamber is low, are the walls of that chamber relaxed or contracted (is the chamber in diastole or systole)? 39. If pressure in a chamber is high, are the walls of that chamber relaxed or contracted (is the chamber in diastole or systole)? 40. When you take someone s blood pressure, you are really measuring the contraction force of what chamber in the heart? (right ventricle or left ventricle) 41. Matching a. fibrous pericardium b. serous pericardium c. parietal pericardium d. visceral pericardium e. myocardium f. endocardium forms a double layer around the heart; fluid filled pericardial space occurs between the 2 layers outer, heavy connective tissue that prevents distention of the heart, protects the heart, and anchors the heart in the mediastinum cardiac muscle tissue outer layer of the serous pericardium; attached to the fibrous pericardium inner layer of the serous pericardium; attached to the myocardium (covers the outside of the heart) also called the epicardium thin layer of simple squamous epithelium that lines the inside of the heart and covers valves and chordae tendinae 42. In the fetus, what 2 shunts does the blood take to bypass the pulmonary circuit? 43. Where does the foramen ovale occur? 44. What happens to the foramen ovale after the infant takes her first breath and the lungs inflate? 45. What is the remnant of the foramen ovale called? 46. Where does the ductus arteriosus occur? 47. What happens to the ductus arteriosus after birth? 48. What is the remnant of the ductus arteriosus called? BLOOD VESSELS 1. In what blood vessels does gas, nutrient, and waste exchange take place? 2. In systemic capillaries, blood picks up and drops off. (carbon dioxide or oxygen) 3. In pulmonary capillaries, blood picks up and drops off. (carbon dioxide or oxygen) 3

4 4. veins draining the stomach and intestines empty their nutrient rich blood into the vein, which transports this blood to the. After the liver has processed the blood, it enters the veins and is then dumped into the large, which delivers the blood to the right atrium of the heart. 5. Describe the general structure of a blood vessel (make sure to include the types of tissue found in each layer. 6. Define vasoconstriction and vasodilation. 7. Arrange the following layers from the inside to the outside. tunica media tunica interna tunica externa 8. What blood protein is responsible for drawing most of the interstitial fluid back into the blood at the venous end of the capillary? 9. Describe the general structure of capillaries. Be able to list the three types and describe them histologically. 10. Differentiate between shunt capillaries and true capillaries. 11. Compare/contrast veins and arteries (concentrate on the differences) 12. Why do veins need valves? 13. Explain why the circle of Willis is needed. 14. Where is the circle of Willis found? 15. What arteries feed into the circle of Willis? BLOOD 1. The process of blood cell formation is called. 2. Hematopoeisis takes place in the. 3. The liquid portion of blood is called. 4

5 4. Define serum. 5. Plasma is responsible for transporting most of what gas? 6. The red blood cells are responsible for transporting most of what gas? 7. Why don't red blood cells have a nucleus? (2 reasons) 8. Why do rbc s wear out after about 120 days? 9. Why don t red blood cells have mitochondria? 10. The pigment molecule responsible for transporting oxygen in a rbc is. 11. What element is associated with the hemoglobin molecule and binds reversibly to oxygen? 12. Name the wbc s from most numerous to least numerous. 13. What component of blood is not a cell, but is a cell fragment? 14. Platelets are involved in the clotting reaction called. This clotting reaction involves both platelets and blood. 15. Matching. a. albumin b. fibrinogen c. globulin d. hemoglobin binds to oxygen in red blood cells most abundant plasma protein hemostasis hemostasis, transport, and immunity helps buffer blood ph; contributes to blood viscosity; helps regulate blood pressure (helps draw plasma back into venule end of capillary) antibody 5