Cardiovascular Learners MUST KNOW R A G. Know the double- circulatory system (systemic and pulmonary)

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1 Please do the following 1. Read the Learners must know section (see below) 2. Watch the GCSE POD video 3. Attempt Exam Questions 4. Mark your answers 5. Reflect and repeat until you are successful and understand all specification requirements GCSE POD: Cardiovascular Learners MUST KNOW R A G. Know the double- circulatory system (systemic and pulmonary) Structure and function of the cardiovascular system. Know the different types of blood vessel Arteries Capillaries Veins. Understand the pathway of blood through the heart Atria Ventricles Bicuspid, tricuspid and semilunar valves Septum and major blood vessel - Aorta - Pulmonary - Vena cava - Pulmonary vein. Know the definitions of Heart rate Stroke Volume Cardiac output. Know the role of red blood cells Structure and function of the respiratory system Aerobic and anaerobic exercise Sporting examples needed. Understand the pathway of air through the respiratory system: Mouth Nose Trachea Bronchi Bronchiole Alveoli Know the role of respiratory muscles when breathing Breathing rate Tidal Volume Minute ventilation. Understand about alveoli as the site of gas exchange. Know the definitions of Aerobic exercise Anaerobic exercise. Be able to apply practical examples of aerobic and anaerobic activities in relation to intensity and duration OCR You may photocopy this page. Page 1 of 9 Created in ExamBuilder

2 Physical Education (9-1) Cardiovascular and Respiratory System Rafferty Gunn OCR ExamBuilder process constraints mean you may see slight differences between this paper and the original. Duration: Not set Candidates answer on the Question Paper. A calculator may be used in this paper. OCR supplied materials: Additional resources may be supplied with this paper. Other materials required: Pencil Ruler (cm/mm) Candidate forename Candidate surname Centre number Candidate number INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes above. Please write clearly and in capital letters. Use black ink. HB pencil may be used for graphs and diagrams only. Answer all the questions. Read each question carefully. Make sure you know what you have to do before starting your answer. Write your answer to each question in the space provided. Additional paper may be used if necessary but you must clearly show your candidate number, centre number and question number(s). INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The quality of written communication is assessed in questions marked with a pencil or an asterisk. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. The total number of marks for this paper is 21. OCR You may photocopy this page. Page 2 of 9 Created in ExamBuilder

3 Answer all the questions. 1. Which one of the following best describes anaerobic training? (a) Sprinting during interval training (b) Long intervals of moderate exercise (c) Swimming over a long distance (d) A ten mile jog along local roads 2. Fig. 2 below shows the passage of air from when oxygen is breathed in through the mouth or nose until oxygen is passed to the red blood cells. Put the following words in the correct order to complete Fig. 2. Bronchi Alveoli Trachea Bronchiole Fig Describe one role of red blood cells during exercise. 4. Arteries have a thick layer of muscle compared to the thin muscular walls of veins. Other than thickness, describe two other differences between arteries and veins. OCR You may photocopy this page. Page 3 of 9 Created in ExamBuilder

4 [2] 5(a). Draw and label an arrow on Fig. 2 below, indicating the location of the aorta in the heart. Fig. 2 (b). Arrow A in Fig. 2 above shows the location of the tricuspid valve. Describe the function of the tricuspid valve. 6. The heart is divided into the left and right ventricles, which prevents the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. Name the part of the heart that allows this to happen. OCR You may photocopy this page. Page 4 of 9 Created in ExamBuilder

5 7. Give one practical example of an anaerobic physical activity. 8. Describe the role of the diaphragm during inspiration and expiration whilst taking part in physical activity. [2] 9(a). The heart is responsible for pumping blood around the body. Describe how the double circulatory system performs this function. [4] (b). Two dancers are preparing for performance. Dancer A is sitting on the floor performing static stretching. Dancer B is performing a dress rehearsal of their physically demanding dance routine. OCR You may photocopy this page. Page 5 of 9 Created in ExamBuilder

6 i. Describe how the changes in blood flow for Dancer B will be different to those for Dancer A. ii. Compare the changes in the respiratory system of Dancer A to Dancer B. END OF QUESTION PAPER OCR You may photocopy this page. Page 6 of 9 Created in ExamBuilder

7 Mark scheme Question Answer/Indicative content Marks Guidance 1 a. 1 (i) trachea 2 (ii) bronchi (iii) bronchiole 1 1 x (AO1) Must be in correct order for mark to be awarded. (iv) alveoli One mark from: Do not accept single word answers transports oxygen to the working muscles 2. transport carbon dioxide (to the lungs) 1 1 x (AO1) Do not accept answers relating to features e.g. made in bone marrow answers must relate to role during exercise. 2 marks from: 1. Most arteries transport oxygenated blood and 4 most veins transport deoxygenated blood 2. Pulmonary artery (carries deoxygenated blood) and umbilical vein (carries oxygenated blood) are exceptions to this. 3. Arteries transport blood away from the heart and veins transport blood back to the heart 2 2 x (AO1) Do not accept: Any responses linked to thickness Any responses that don t compare the differences e.g. Arteries carry oxygenated blood = Too vague 4. Arteries have no valves and veins have valves (to prevent the back flow of blood) Total 2 Correctly labelled aorta (indicated on free drawing diagram) 5 a 2 2 x (AO1) Correctly labelled aorta (indicated on free drawing diagram) 2 2 x (AO1) b Function: Prevents blood from re-entering the right atrium / tricuspid regurgitation or re-entering the heart OCR You may photocopy this page. Page 7 of 9 Created in ExamBuilder

8 Total 2 6 Septum 1 1 x (AO1) 7 Sprinting / golf swing / javelin throw or equivalent 1 1 x (AO2) Accept any anaerobic activity 2 marks from: 8 1. Diaphragm contracts during inspiration / diaphragm flattens / pushed down during inspiration 2. Diaphragm relaxes during expiration / diaphragm pushed upwards during expiration 2 2 x (AO1) Total 2 Four marks from: 1. heart consists of two separate loops / circuits / one loop for heart and lungs and one for heart and rest of body 2. blood travels through the heart twice (during a complete cycle around the body) (Sub-max three marks for): 3. pulmonary circulation 9 a 4. deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to lungs 5. pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to lungs 4 4 x (AO1) 6. oxygenated blood back to left atrium 7. pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood back to left atrium (Sub-max three marks for): 8. systemic circulation 9. oxygenated blood from left ventricle to body / muscles OCR You may photocopy this page. Page 8 of 9 Created in ExamBuilder

9 10. Aorta carries oxygenated blood to body tissues / muscles 11. deoxygenated blood back to right atrium 12. vena cava carries deoxygenated blood back to right atrium Three marks from: 1. Dancer B will be experiencing more blood flow to their working muscles than Dancer A because they are being more active / more intense activity level 2. Dancer B will have less blood going to other organs than Dancer A because more is going b i to working muscles to provide more oxygen 3. The re-distribution of blood to working muscles 3 3 x (AO2) Must have compared both dancers to access 3 marks to provide oxygen during physical activity is known as the vascular shunt mechanism 4. Dancer A will be experiencing all of these too, but to a much lesser extent than Dancer B because the static stretches are lower intensity activity and so muscles do not require so much oxygen. Three marks from: 1. Dancer B s respiratory / breathing rate will be greatly increased due to the intensity of the activity; Dancer A will not experience such an increase. 2. Dancer B s tidal volume will be greatly ii increased along with the depth of their breathing because they are working harder 3. Dancer B s minute volume / ventilation will be 3 3 x (AO2) Must have compared both dancers to access 3 marks greatly increased due to the intensity of the activity and need for more oxygen. 4. Dancer A will have a rise in breathing rate, tidal volume and minute volume but to a much lesser extent than Dancer B because of their level of activity. 0 OCR You may photocopy this page. Page 9 of 9 Created in ExamBuilder