BELLWORK page 343. Apnea Dyspnea Hypoxia pneumo pulmonary Remember the structures of the respiratory system 1

Transcription

1 BELLWORK page 343 Apnea Dyspnea Hypoxia pneumo pulmonary respiratory system 1

2 STANDARDS 42) Review case studies that involve persons with respiratory disorders, diseases, or syndromes. Citing information from the review, explain the expected anatomy involved and what abnormality is present; and outline normal and abnormal physiology, pathophysiology, preventive measures, and diagnostic procedures for identification of the disease/disorder. respiratory system 2

3 OBJECTIVES Identify common respiratory diseases/disorders and the tools to diagnose and possibly treat them through a Jigsaw group activity Review case studies of 9-11 World Trade Center first responders. respiratory system 3

4 Structures of the Lower Respiratory System Pleura Thin, moist slippery membrane that covers lungs Double-walled sac Space is pleural cavity filled with pleural fluid Discuss: Why do we need pleural fluid? respiratory system 4

5 Structures of the Lower Respiratory System Mediastinum A septum or cavity between two principal portions of an organ. Contains the heart and its large vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus, lymph nodes, and connective tissue Also called the interpleural space Located between the lungs respiratory system 5

6 Objectives Identify respiratory diseases/disorders and their treatments. Discuss risks of smoking respiratory system 6

7 Make a graphic organizer to help you distinguish between the following: Bronchitis Tuberculosis Emphysema Pleural Fluid Pneumothorax Pulmonary Embolism Lung Cancer COPD Pneumonia Asthma respiratory system 7

8 Infection of the mucous membrane of the trachea and bronchial tubes Acute -Cough, fever, substernal pain, RALES (raspy sounds), wheezing Chronic- over 40 years, smoking common cause Treat with pain meds, antiinflammatory, or antibiotics. X-ray, allergy tests, other tests to verify source. KEEP HANDS WASHED!!! QUIT SMOKING!!!!!! Bronchitis 8

9 Tuberculosis Highly infectious bacterial lung disease Increased incidence due to AIDS, increased illegal immigration, homelessness (low immune systems) Cough, low grade fever in the afternoon, weight loss, night sweats Antibiotics and anti tuberculosis drugs for 1-2 years You cannot work in a healthcare facility until your symptoms are cleared. 9

10 Emphysema Alveoli become over-dilated, loss their elasticity Alveoli may rupture Air becomes trapped, can t exhale forced exhalation required Reduced blood levels of O 2 and CO 2 Alleviate the symptoms, decrease exposure to irritants, prevent infections QUIT SMOKING!!!! 10

11 Emphysema 11

12 Pleural Effusion: Abnormal amount of fluid surrounding the pleural space. Leakage from other organs: This is usually from congestive heart failure (when your heart doesn t pump blood to your body properly). But it can also come from liver or kidney disease when fluid builds up in your body and leaks into the pleural space. Cancer: Usually lung cancer is the problem, but other cancers that have spread to the lung or pleura can cause it, too. Infections: Examples are pneumonia or tuberculosis. Autoimmune conditions: Examples are lupus or rheumatoid arthritis. Pulmonary embolism: This is a blockage in an artery in one of your lungs. respiratory system 12

13 Pleural effusion treatment: Thoracentesis with possible chest tube. This fluid can be various colors due to its cause. Heart surgery-red Infection-dark yellow, brown, red, purulent Sepsis-brown, bloody Not to be confused with pneumonia!! respiratory system 13

14 Pleural effusion imaging. Ultrasound Cat Scan Thoracentesis Video respiratory system 14

15 Pneumothorax Chest injury. Any blunt or penetrating injury to your chest can cause lung collapse. Some injuries may happen during physical assaults or car crashes, while others may inadvertently occur during medical procedures that involve the insertion of a needle into the chest. Lung disease. Damaged lung tissue is more likely to collapse. Lung damage can be caused by many types of underlying diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis and pneumonia. Ruptured air blisters. Small air blisters (blebs) can develop on the top of your lung. These blebs sometimes burst allowing air to leak into the space that surrounds the lungs. Mechanical ventilation. A severe type of pneumothorax can occur in people who need mechanical assistance to breathe. The ventilator can create an imbalance of air pressure within the chest. The lung may collapse completely. What do think a spontaneous pneumothorax is? 15

16 Pneumothorax (sometimes challenging to see) Chest tube video respiratory system 16

17 Drain nurse or tech will monitor this daily. respiratory system 17

18 Pulmonary Embolism Blood clot breaks off and travels to the lungs Occurs after surgery or when a person has been on bed rest. Common in smokers and those sitting for long periods of time (ex. Truck drivers) Sudden severe chest pain, dyspnea; similar to heart attack Lung scan, CT, arteriogram Anticoagulant therapy QUIT SMOKING!!!! respiratory system 18

19 If anticoagulants don t work?? Surgery to remove clot Pulmonary Arteriogram and drip blood thinners IVC filter (inferior vena cava filter) to catch large clot 19

20 Jigsaw Group Activity: Answer the questions on the following slide concerning your disease or disorder. Include illustrations/3d models that portray one healthy-sided lung and one diseased lung (make these as detailed as you can)! Lung Cancer Pneumonia (various types, bacterial vs. viral) Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Asthma 20

21 Answer all of the following questions and be able to share with the class. 1. Describe the disease or disorder and what specific anatomy of the respiratory system it affects. 2. What are the signs or symptoms related to this disease/disorder? 3. What is the occurrence or statistics? Who is at high risk? 4. What diagnostic tests may be performed to confirm this disease/disorder? 5. Describe a possible treatment option for this disease or disorder. 6. Who are the healthcare professionals that would directly assist or perform the diagnostic or treatment procedures? 7. Are there any lifestyle changes that should be made by the patient to treat or relieve signs/symptoms? 8. Is this disease/disorder temporary or permanent? respiratory system 21

22 Individual Activity Read the 9-11 case study from the link on the class website or at this link: Summarize your findings in four quality paragraphs. respiratory system 22