The goal of these lectures is to discuss

Transcription

1 Cardiovascular (#2) The goal of these lectures is to discuss basic physiology of the cardiovascular system (heart, vessels, blood pressure, control, hemostasis). This second lecture will discuss blood vessels and the issue of arterial blood pressure. The sections for this lecture are: Vessels as tubes Arteries and arterioles in general Capillaries and veins The lymphatic system Arterial pressure regulation Arterial and venous pressures Blood volume, arterial pressure & baroreceptors Other CV reflexes and responses 10 Life is a series of chemical reactions occurring in compartmentalized environments. The main purpose of life is to keep itself alive Physiology, the study of how life works, is based on the simultaneous occurrence of the following three concepts: levels of organization structure / function relationship homeostatic regulation Course Outline Topic # Topic lecture Silverthorn Week 1 to week 2" Topic #1" Topic #2" Introduction (pre-requisite material)" Membranes (pre-requisite material)" " 1-5" 1-5" Pre-requisite" Material" (chapter # 5)" " Topic #3" Homeostasis and Signal Transduction" 6" " lectures, Topic #4" Endocrine Communication and the Endocrine System" 7" recitations, Topic #5" Neural Communication and the Sensory System" 8-11" office hours, review, Topic #6" Muscle, Muscle Contraction and their Regulation" 12-13" exam1 " (chapter # 8)" REVIEW #1 material from topic #01 #06 EXAM #1 material from topic #01 #06 (33%) Week 3 to week 4" Topic #7" Topic #8" Basic Physiology of the Cardiovascular System" Basic Physiology of the Respiratory System" 14-17" 18" lectures, recitations, review, exam2" Topic #9" Basic Physiology of the Renal System" 19-20" (chapter # 7) " REVIEW #2 material from topic #01 #09 EXAM #2 material from topic #01 #09 (33%) Week 5 to week 6" Topic #10" Topic #11" Basic Physiology of the Gastrointestinal System" Food Intake, Metabolism, Energy Balance and Exercise" 21 " 23-25" lectures, recitations, review, exam3" Topic #12" From Sexual Differentiation to Adult Reproduction" 26" (chapter # 6)" REVIEW #3 material from topic #01 #12 EXAM #3 material from topic #01 #12 (33%) 1-26" 1-26" " (all tests are cumulative) 1

2 Cardiovascular ( CV topics ) Introduction (lecture #7) Overall design of the CV system Pressure, flow and resistance The heart as pump (lecture #7) Anatomy and cardiac muscle Cardiac cycle's electrical and mechanical events The cardiac output Vessels as tubes (lecture #10) Arteries and arterioles in general Capillaries and veins The lymphatic system Blood pressure regulation (lecture #10) CV patterns in health / disease (lecture #11) Hemorrhage, hypotension, upright posture Exercise and training Hypertension and heart failure Coronary disease Hemostasis (lecture #11) Arterial and venous pressure Blood volume, arterial pressure and baroreceptors Other CV reflexes and responses Formation of a platelet plug Blood coagulation, clot formation Anticlotting systems and drugs Cardiovascular ( overview ) 2

3 Cardiovascular ( overview ) Cardiovascular ( overview ) 3

4 Cardiovascular ( overview ) Make sure you know and understand these summary slides Cardiovascular ( overview ) Make sure you know and understand these summary slides 4

5 Vessels as tubes ( blood pressure ) Vessels as tubes (lecture #10) Arteries and arterioles Capillaries and veins The lymphatic system Vessels as tubes ( blood pressure ) Vessels as tubes (lecture #10) Arteries and arterioles Capillaries and veins The lymphatic system 5

6 Vessels as tubes ( blood pressure ) Vessels as tubes (lecture #10) Arteries and arterioles Capillaries and veins The lymphatic system Vessels as tubes ( measurement ) Vessels as tubes Arteries and arterioles Capillaries and veins The lymphatic system 6

7 Vessels as tubes ( measurement ) Vessels as tubes Arteries and arterioles Capillaries and veins The lymphatic system Laminar flow Turbulent flow Vessels as tubes ( measurement ) Vessels as tubes Arteries and arterioles Capillaries and veins The lymphatic system Laminar flow Turbulent flow 7

8 Vessels as tubes ( cardiac cycle ) Vessels as tubes Arteries and arterioles Capillaries and veins The lymphatic system Vessels as tubes ( cardiac cycle ) Vessels as tubes Arteries and arterioles Capillaries and veins The lymphatic system 8

9 Vessels as tubes ( blood flow ) Vessels as tubes Arteries and arterioles Capillaries and veins The lymphatic system Vessels as tubes ( blood flow ) Vessels as tubes Arteries and arterioles Capillaries and veins The lymphatic system 9

10 Vessels as tubes ( blood flow ) Vessels as tubes Arteries and arterioles Capillaries and veins The lymphatic system Vessels as tubes ( capillaries ) Vessels as tubes Arteries and arterioles Capillaries and veins The lymphatic system 10

11 Vessels as tubes ( capillaries ) Vessels as tubes Arteries and arterioles Capillaries and veins The lymphatic system Vessels as tubes ( capillaries ) Vessels as tubes Arteries and arterioles Capillaries and veins The lymphatic system Forces affecting movement across capillary walls chp ihp cop iop 11

12 Vessels as tubes ( local control ) Vessels as tubes Arteries and arterioles Capillaries and veins The lymphatic system Local vasoactive substances and their actions on vascular smooth muscle O2 CO2 K H Ade NO Brad Endo Prost Vessels as tubes ( extrinsic control ) Vessels as tubes Arteries and arterioles Capillaries and veins The lymphatic system Extrinsic control of arteriole radius 12

13 Vessels as tubes ( extrinsic control ) Vessels as tubes Arteries and arterioles Capillaries and veins The lymphatic system Extrinsic control of arteriole radius Vessels as tubes ( capillaries ) Vessels as tubes Arteries and arterioles Capillaries and veins The lymphatic system Extrinsic / Intrinsic control of arteriole radius 13

14 Vessels as tubes ( capillaries ) Vessels as tubes Arteries and arterioles Capillaries and veins The lymphatic system vasoconstriction NE 5HT SP vasodilation End AVP AgII Epi Ach VIP NO Brad A 02, CO2 H, K H2 ANP 14

15 Vessels as tubes ( venous return ) Vessels as tubes Arteries and arterioles Capillaries and veins The lymphatic system Vessels as tubes ( venous return ) Vessels as tubes Arteries and arterioles Capillaries and veins The lymphatic system 15

16 Vessels as tubes ( lymph system ) Vessels as tubes Arteries and arterioles Capillaries and veins The lymphatic system Blood pressure ( the physics ) Blood pressure regulation Arterial and venous blood pressures Blood volume, arterial pressure, baroreceptors Other CV reflexes and responses 16

17 Blood pressure ( the physics ) Blood pressure regulation Arterial and venous blood pressures Blood volume, arterial pressure, baroreceptors Other CV reflexes and responses Blood pressure ( sphincters ) Blood pressure regulation Arterial and venous blood pressures Blood volume, arterial pressure, baroreceptors Other CV reflexes and responses WHAT CAN BE CONTROLLED?? ARTERIOLES META-ARTERIOLES PRECAPILLARY SPHINCTERS 17

18 Blood pressure ( sphincters ) Blood pressure regulation Arterial and venous blood pressures Blood volume, arterial pressure, baroreceptors Other CV reflexes and responses Blood pressure ( local control ) Blood pressure regulation Arterial and venous blood pressures Blood volume, arterial pressure, baroreceptors Other CV reflexes and responses 18

19 Blood pressure ( local control ) Blood pressure regulation Arterial and venous blood pressures Blood volume, arterial pressure, baroreceptors Other CV reflexes and responses Blood pressure ( venous return ) Blood pressure regulation Arterial and venous blood pressures Blood volume, arterial pressure, baroreceptors Other CV reflexes and responses 19

20 Blood pressure ( cardiac output ) Blood pressure regulation Arterial and venous blood pressures Blood volume, arterial pressure, baroreceptors Other CV reflexes and responses CO = HR x SV CO = MAP / TPR = Blood pressure ( MAP ) Blood pressure regulation Arterial and venous blood pressures Blood volume, arterial pressure, baroreceptors Other CV reflexes and responses CO = HR x SV CO = MAP / TPR = 20

21 Blood pressure ( MAP ) Blood pressure regulation Arterial and venous blood pressures Blood volume, arterial pressure, baroreceptors Other CV reflexes and responses factors affecting central venous pressure and thus mean arterial pressure CO = HR x SV CO = MAP / TPR Blood pressure ( baroreceptors ) Blood pressure regulation Arterial and venous blood pressures Blood volume, arterial pressure, baroreceptors Other CV reflexes and responses 21

22 Blood pressure ( hemorrhage ) Blood pressure regulation Arterial and venous blood pressures Blood volume, arterial pressure, baroreceptors Other CV reflexes and responses 22

23 Blood pressure ( hemorrhage ) Blood pressure regulation Arterial and venous blood pressures Blood volume, arterial pressure, baroreceptors Other CV reflexes and responses Blood pressure ( hemorrhage ) Blood pressure regulation Arterial and venous blood pressures Blood volume, arterial pressure, baroreceptors Other CV reflexes and responses 23

24 Blood pressure ( hemorrhage ) Blood pressure regulation Arterial and venous blood pressures Blood volume, arterial pressure, baroreceptors Other CV reflexes and responses Blood pressure ( MAP ) Factors involved in extrinsic control of MAP Blood pressure regulation Arterial and venous blood pressures Blood volume, arterial pressure, baroreceptors Other CV reflexes and responses 24

25 Blood pressure ( kidneys ) Blood pressure regulation Arterial and venous blood pressures Blood volume, arterial pressure, baroreceptors Other CV reflexes and responses (to be expanded in our kidney lectures) 25

26 Blood pressure ( kidneys ) Blood pressure regulation Arterial and venous blood pressures Blood volume, arterial pressure, baroreceptors Other CV reflexes and responses (to be expanded in our kidney lectures) Blood pressure ( kidneys ) Blood pressure regulation Arterial and venous blood pressures Blood volume, arterial pressure, baroreceptors Other CV reflexes and responses 26

27 Blood pressure ( MAP ) Blood pressure regulation Arterial and venous blood pressures Blood volume, arterial pressure, baroreceptors Other CV reflexes and responses 27