Effects of Statin Therapy on Arrhythmic Events and Survival in Patients With Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy
|
|
- Lily Robbins
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 48, No. 6, by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN /06/$32.00 Published by Elsevier Inc. doi: /j.jacc Effects of Statin Therapy on Arrhythmic Events and Survival in Patients With Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy Heart Rhythm Disorders Jeffrey J. Goldberger, MD, FACC,* Haris Subacius, MA,* Andi Schaechter, RN,* Adam Howard, BA,* Ronald Berger, MD, PHD, FACC, Alaa Shalaby, MD, FACC, Joseph Levine, MD, Alan H. Kadish, MD, FACC,* for the DEFINITE Investigators Chicago, Illinois; Baltimore, Maryland; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Roslyn, New York OBJECTIVES BACKGROUND METHODS RESULTS CONCLUSIONS We sought to evaluate whether statins were associated with a survival benefit and significant attenuation in life-threatening arrhythmias in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Statins are associated with a reduction in appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy in patients with coronary artery disease and improved clinical status in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. The effect of statin use on time to death or resuscitated cardiac arrest and time to arrhythmic sudden death was evaluated in 458 patients enrolled in the DEFINITE (DEFIbrillators in Non-Ischemic cardiomyopathy Treatment Evaluation) study. The effect of statin use on time to first appropriate shock was analyzed only in the 229 patients who were randomized to ICD therapy. The unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) for death among patients on versus those not on statin therapy was 0.22 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.09 to 0.55; p 0.001). When controlled for statin effects, ICD therapy was associated with improved survival (HR 0.61; 95% CI 0.38 to 0.99; p 0.04). There was one arrhythmic sudden death in the 110 patients receiving statin therapy (0.9%) versus 18 of 348 patients not receiving statins (5.2%; p 0.04). The unadjusted HR for arrhythmic sudden death among patients on versus those not on statin therapy was 0.16 (95% CI to 1.21; p 0.08). The HR for appropriate shocks among patients on versus those not on statin therapy was 0.78 (95% CI 0.34 to 1.82) after adjustment for baseline differences in the two groups. Statin use in the DEFINITE study was associated with a 78% reduction in mortality. This reduction was caused, in part, by a reduction in arrhythmic sudden death. These findings should be confirmed in a prospective, randomized clinical trial. (J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 48: ) 2006 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation Hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) are known to have effects independent of their cholesterol-lowering effects, referred to as pleiotropic effects. These effects have been implicated in protection against atrial fibrillation (1 3) and in clinical improvement in patients with heart failure (4 6). Statins also have been associated with a reduction in mortality in large-scale lipid trials and a reduction in appropriate implantable cardioverterdefibrillator (ICD) therapy in patients with coronary artery disease (7 9). Whether they have a specific effect on life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias or whether their effects on reducing these arrhythmias are predominantly mediated by an anti-ischemic effect is unknown. Of note, significant improvements in clinical status have been noted From the *Clinical Trials Unit, Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, and the Division of Cardiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland; VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and the Heart Center, St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn, New York. The DEFINITE study was funded by St. Jude Medical, Sylmar, California. Manuscript received February 14, 2006; revised manuscript received May 5, 2006, accepted May 15, in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy treated with statins (4 6,10). If the pleiotropic effects of these drugs have specific beneficial effects on either cardiac function or life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, they also may be associated with a survival benefit in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. The aim of this report was to evaluate whether statins were associated with a survival benefit and significant attenuation in life-threatening arrhythmias in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy enrolled in the DEFINITE (DEFIbrillators in Non-Ischemic Cardiomyopathy Treatment Evaluation) study. METHODS The DEFINITE trial is described in detail elsewhere (11). In brief, the DEFINITE trial was a randomized, prospective investigator-initiated study. Inclusion criteria were: age between 21 and 80 years, nonischemic cardiomyopathy with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 35%, history of symptomatic heart failure, and the presence of one of the following within the past six months; nonsustained ventric-
2 JACC Vol. 48, No. 6, 2006 September 19, 2006: Goldberger et al. Effects of Statins in Dilated Cardiomyopathy 1229 Abbreviations and Acronyms ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme CHF congestive heart failure DEFINITE DEFIbrillators in Non-Ischemic cardiomyopathy Treatment Evaluation HR hazard ratio ICD implantable cardioverter-defibrillator LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction NYHA New York Heart Association ular tachycardia on telemetry monitoring or Holter monitoring and/or an average of 10 premature ventricular beats per hour on a 24-h Holter monitor. Patients were excluded from enrollment if they had New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class IV heart failure, were candidates for an ICD, or had a permanent pacemaker. Each patient was randomized to standard oral medical therapy for heart failure or standard oral medical therapy plus an ICD. The primary end point of the study was death from any cause. A prespecified secondary end point was sudden death from an arrhythmia. The cause of death was determined by an events committee whose members were unaware of the patients treatment assignments according to classification proposed by Epstein et al. (12). All shocks were reviewed by a separate committee. Shocks were classified by the committee as appropriate if delivered for ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation. In this trial, more than 85% of patients received betablockers, and more than 90% received angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers. The DEFINITE study protocol did not specify treatment for hypercholesterolemia, but these data were collected at enrollment, at the time of an arrhythmic event, and at study termination. Cholesterol levels were not routinely collected from all study participants. Statistical analysis. The baseline characteristics of the two groups were compared with the use of two-sample t tests for continuous variables and chi-square tests for categorical variables. The log-rank test was used to compare Kaplan- Meier survival curves in the 2 groups and the Cox proportional hazards survival model was used to adjust for covariates as well as estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). All covariates were entered in the first step of the regression model using a forward stepwise method. Statin therapy status was entered in a separate step after the significant covariates had been determined. The impact statin therapy had in addition to the combined effect of all significant covariates was evaluated using a likelihood ratio test. Three separate end point analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of statin therapy in this trial. In the first analysis, time to death or resuscitated cardiac arrest was analyzed. Sixty-eight deaths and 2 resuscitated cardiac arrests took place during the trial for a total of 69 events in this analysis (1 patient who had a resuscitated cardiac arrest subsequently died the patient was coded as having reached the end point at the time of the first event). The second analysis used an end point of arrhythmic sudden death, which included 17 deaths that had been adjudicated by the events committee to be arrhythmic sudden deaths and two resuscitated cardiac arrests. These two analyses were performed in all 458 patients in the trial. The final analysis evaluated time to first appropriate shock in the 229 patients randomized to receive an ICD. One additional arrhythmic death is included as an end point in a patient whose ICD did not discharge despite the appearance of a lethal ventricular arrhythmia. Four patients who crossed over from the ICD group to the standard therapy group were censored from analysis at the time of crossover. The average number of appropriate shocks experienced by 34 patients also was compared using the t test. All p values were 2-tailed; p 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Four-hundred fifty-eight patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy were enrolled. There were 110 patients who were receiving statin therapy at the time of their first event (death or resuscitated cardiac arrest) or at the end of the trial for those patients who did not reach the end point during the study. The baseline patient characteristics based on statin therapy at the time of an event or study end are summarized in Table 1. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the 2 groups. Table 1. Demographic Characteristics of Patients Treated With Statins Versus Those Not Treated With Statins in the 458 Patients Enrolled in DEFINITE, Presented as Mean Standard Deviation for Continuous Variables and Counts (%) for Categorical Variables Not Treated With Statins Treated With Statins p Value n Age (yrs) Gender (female) 103 (29.6%) 29 (26.4%) 0.51 Randomized to ICD 172 (49.4%) 57 (51.8%) 0.66 Current smokers 45 (12.9%) 14 (12.7%) 0.96 Ever smokers 151 (43.4%) 42 (38.2%) 0.34 DM 73 (21.0%) 32 (29.1%) 0.08 HTN 41 (11.8%) 8 (7.3%) 0.18 LVEF (%) QRS duration (ms) NYHA class I 74 (21.3%) 25 (22.7%) 0.75 NYHA class II 196 (56.3%) 67 (60.9%) 0.40 NYHA class III 78 (22.4%) 18 (16.4%) 0.17 CHF duration 1 yr 166 (47.7%) 57 (51.8%) 0.45 Beta-blocker 292 (83.9%) 97 (88.2%) 0.28 ACE inhibitor/arb 333 (95.7%) 102 (92.7%) 0.22 Aspirin 122 (35.1%) 37 (33.6%) 0.79 Arrhythmic sudden death 18 (5.2%) 1 (0.9%) 0.04 Total mortality 64 (18.4%) 5 (4.5%) <0.001 Bold values indicate statistical significance. ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB angiotensin receptor blocker; CHF congestive heart failure; DEFINITE DEFIbrillators in Non-Ischemic cardiomyopathy Treatment Evaluation; DM diabetes mellitus; HTN hypertension; ICD implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA New York Heart Association.
3 1230 Goldberger et al. JACC Vol. 48, No. 6, 2006 Effects of Statins in Dilated Cardiomyopathy September 19, 2006: Figure 1. The Kaplan-Meier estimates of total mortality plus resuscitated cardiac arrest among patients treated with statins and those not taking statins in the 458 patients enrolled in the DEFINITE trial. Total mortality. There were 5 deaths in the 110 patients receiving statin therapy (4.6%) versus 64 deaths in the 348 patients not receiving statin therapy (18.4%; p 0.001). Figure 1 depicts the Kaplan-Meier survival curve for freedom from death. The unadjusted HR for death among patients on statin therapy versus those not on statin therapy was 0.22 (95% CI 0.09 to 0.55; p 0.001). Using Cox proportional hazards survival models, other significant univariate predictors of death were NYHA functional class III (HR 2.14; 95% CI 1.30 to 3.53; p 0.003), diabetes (HR 1.79; 95% CI 1.07 to 3.00; p 0.03), hypertension (HR 2.34; 95% CI 1.27 to 4.29; p 0.006), beta-blocker therapy (HR 0.49; 95% CI 0.29 to 0.85; p 0.01), duration of congestive heart failure (CHF) longer than 1 year (HR 1.62; 95% CI 1.00 to 2.61, p 0.05), QRS duration (HR 1.01; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.02; p 0.04), and treatment assignment (HR 0.61; 95% CI 0.38 to 0.99; p 0.04). After accounting for these covariates, statin therapy remained a significant factor (adjusted HR 0.23; 95% CI 0.09 to 0.58; p 0.002). Diabetes and CHF duration were no longer significant in this multivariate model. When considered along with the effects of statins, ICD therapy was associated with improved survival (HR 0.61; 95% CI 0.38 to 0.99; p 0.04), virtually the same HR reported for the trial (11). Age, gender, smoking history, ACE inhibitor/ angiotensin receptor blocker therapy, and aspirin were significant predictors of outcome. Although ACE inhibitor/ angiotensin receptor blocker therapy was not a significant covariate, it should be noted that 95% of patients were on this therapy; the small sample size of patients not on this therapy virtually precludes the detection of an effect. Arrhythmic sudden death. There was one arrhythmic sudden death in the 110 patients receiving statin therapy (0.9%) versus 18 arrhythmic sudden deaths in the 348 patients not receiving statin therapy (5.2%; p 0.04). Figure 2 depicts the Kaplan-Meier survival curve for freedom from an arrhythmic sudden death. The unadjusted HR for arrhythmic sudden death among patients on statin Figure 2. The Kaplan-Meier estimates of arrhythmic sudden death plus resuscitated cardiac arrest among patients treated with statins and those not taking statins in the 458 patients enrolled in the DEFINITE trial. therapy versus those not on statin therapy was 0.16 (95% CI to 1.21; p 0.08). Using Cox proportional hazards survival models, we found that the only covariate that was significantly related to the outcome in addition to statin therapy was ICD treatment (HR 0.17; 95% CI 0.05 to 0.60; p 0.005). Although the regression coefficient for statin therapy remained a nonsignificant factor when modeled along with ICD treatment (HR 0.16; 95% CI 0.02 to 1.21; p 0.08), the likelihood ratio test showed that the addition of statin therapy status to the model that already contains ICD treatment resulted in a significant improvement of model fit (p 0.02). Neither age, gender, NYHA functional class, LVEF, QRS duration, smoking history, diabetes, hypertension, CHF duration longer than 1 year, beta-blocker therapy, ACE inhibitor/ Table 2. Demographic Characteristics of Patients Treated With Statins Versus Those Not Treated With Statins in the 229 Patients Enrolled in DEFINITE and Randomized to ICD Therapy, Mean Standard Deviation for Continuous Variables and Counts (%) for Categorical Variables Not Treated With Statins Treated With Statins p Value n Age (yrs) Gender (female) 49 (28.3%) 14 (25.0%) 0.63 Current smokers 19 (11.0%) 7 (12.5%) 0.76 Ever smokers 77 (44.5%) 23 (41.1%) 0.65 DM 38 (22.0%) 14 (25.0%) 0.64 HTN 22 (12.7%) 3 (5.4%) 0.13 LVEF (%) QRS duration (ms) NYHA class I 43 (24.9%) 15 (26.8%) 0.77 NYHA class II 92 (53.2%) 32 (57.1%) 0.61 NYHA class III 38 (22.0%) 9 (16.1%) 0.34 CHF duration 1 yr 76 (43.9%) 22 (39.3%) 0.54 Beta-blocker 147 (85.0%) 49 (87.5%) 0.64 ACE inhibitor/arb 167 (96.5%) 50 (89.3%) 0.03 Aspirin 62 (35.8%) 21 (37.5%) 0.82 Number with appropriate shocks 27 (15.6%) 7 (12.5%) 0.60 Bold value indicates statistical significance. Abbreviations as in Table 1.
4 JACC Vol. 48, No. 6, 2006 September 19, 2006: Goldberger et al. Effects of Statins in Dilated Cardiomyopathy 1231 Figure 3. The Kaplan-Meier estimates of appropriate shocks among patients treated with statins and those not taking statins in the 229 patients randomized to ICD therapy in the 458 patients enrolled in the DEFINITE trial. angiotensin receptor blocker therapy, nor aspirin therapy were significant predictors of arrhythmic sudden death. Appropriate shocks. Of the 229 patients randomized to receive an ICD, 56 were receiving statin therapy at the time of their first appropriate shock or at the end of the trial. The baseline patient characteristics for this group based on statin therapy are summarized in Table 2. More patients who were not on statin at the time of an arrhythmic event were on ACE inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (96.5%) as compared with patients who were on statin therapy (89.3%; p 0.03). There were no other significant differences in baseline characteristics. There were 7 patients who received appropriate shocks among the 56 patients receiving statin therapy (12.5%) versus 27 patients with appropriate shocks among the 173 patients not receiving statin therapy (15.6%; p 0.60 for log-rank test statistic; HR 0.80; 95% CI 0.35 to 1.84; p 0.80). Figure 3 depicts the Kaplan-Meier survival curve for freedom from appropriate shocks. The HR for appropriate shocks among patients on statin therapy versus those not on statin therapy was 0.78 (95% CI 0.34 to 1.82) after adjustment for baseline ACE inhibitor/ angiotensin receptor blocker therapy status. Figure 4 shows the distribution of number of shocks each patient received stratified by statin therapy. Patients who were not on statin therapy did not receive multiple shocks more frequently than those on statin therapy (15 of 27 or 55.6% vs. 3 of %, p 0.68 via Fisher s exact test). The mean number of shocks was shocks for those not on statin therapy versus shocks for those on statin therapy (p 0.50). There was no significant difference in the incidence of inappropriate shocks among those ICD patients who were treated with statins (21.4%) and those not treated with statins (25.4%). DISCUSSION The present report demonstrates that statin use in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy may have dramatic effects on survival. The observed 78% reduction in mortality associated with statin therapy was larger than the benefit attributable to ICD therapy in this trial, though there was a significant benefit to ICD therapy even after accounting for the benefit of statin therapy. The effects of statins on total mortality are due, in part, to a reduction in arrhythmic sudden death. These findings should be confirmed in a prospective, randomized clinical trial. Although the benefit of statin therapy in patients with coronary artery disease has been well established in multiple large-scale randomized clinical trials, only few studies have focused on their effects on life threatening ventricular arrhythmias (7 9) or on patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy (4 6,10,13). A number of nonrandomized clinical studies have demonstrated dramatic reduction in arrhythmic events in patients who have ICDs inserted. In an observational study, DeSutter et al. (7) first reported that in patients with coronary artery disease receiving ICDs for secondary prevention of ventricular arrhythmias, treatment with lipid-lowering drug therapy (59% statins, 41% fibrates) resulted in a substantial reduction in appropriate shocks (22% in the group treated with lipid lowering drugs and 57% in those not treated). In another observational study in patients with coronary artery disease receiving ICDs, Chiu et al. (8) reported that 30% of patients on statins received ICD therapy versus 50% among those who did not receive statin therapy (HR 0.60). In the AVID (Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators) trial (9), there was a reported 0.40 reduction in relative hazard (95% CI 0.15 to 0.58) for recurrence of ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation. Recently, special focus has been given to the effects of statins in patients with heart failure as these patients typically were not included in the large-scale clinical trials evaluating statin therapy and there are data suggesting an inverse relationship between cholesterol levels and mortality in patients with heart failure (14,15). In the PRAISE (Prospective Randomized Amlopidine Survival Evaluation) trial (16), there was a 62% reduction in total mortality attributable to statin therapy. Statin therapy was administered to 134 of the 1153 patients in the trial, but only 23 Figure 4. Distribution of number of appropriate shocks received per patient in patients treated with statins and those not taking statins.
5 1232 Goldberger et al. JACC Vol. 48, No. 6, 2006 Effects of Statins in Dilated Cardiomyopathy September 19, 2006: patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy received statins. In a large cohort study of elderly patients with heart failure (etiology not specified), a 33% reduction in total mortality was observed in patients treated with statins. Several studies show that fewer patients develop heart failure when treated with statins (17,18). Several small randomized studies (4 6) of 15 to 108 patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy revealed that statin therapy was associated with significant improvement in clinical parameters including quality of life, exercise capacity, NYHA functional class, and LVEF. Finally, Horwich et al. (10) described the outcomes of 551 patients referred to a specialized cardiomyopathy center for heart failure or transplant evaluation; 55% of the patients had a nonischemic cardiomyopathy. Forty-five percent of the total population was treated with statins, but only 22% of those with nonischemic cardiomyopathy. There was a significant improvement in 1-year survival without the need for urgent heart transplantation in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy treated with statins. The current analysis of the use of statins in patients enrolled in the DEFINITE study further suggests that statin therapy in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy improves survival. Although some of this benefit is attributable to reduction in arrhythmic sudden death, the magnitude of its effect suggests that there are also other mechanisms for the improved survival. Although statin therapy has been reported to reduce appropriate ICD shocks (7 9), these reports have included only patients with coronary artery disease. It is interesting to note that, in this study, there was no clear reduction in appropriate ICD shocks related to statin therapy, despite a reduction in mortality and arrhythmic sudden death. This result could reflect limited power to detect a difference due to the small sample size (n 229). Alternatively, in this population, appropriate ICD shocks occurred more frequently than sudden cardiac death, suggesting that many of the arrhythmias may have self-terminated (19). Nevertheless, statin therapy appears to have some effect on arrhythmic sudden death, although not having a detectable effect on these latter arrhythmias. Finally, statin effects on nonarrhythmic mortality may be more prominent than the effects on arrhythmic mortality. Further studies are necessary to determine the relative contribution of statin therapy to improvement in arrhythmic and non-arrhythmic mortality. The mechanism for the effects of statins on arrhythmic sudden death and survival in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy remains unclear. An anti-ischemic effect, as noted in patients with coronary artery disease, is plausible as a substantial proportion of patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy are found to have coronary artery disease at autopsy (20). With regard to antiarrhythmic effects, statins also have been reported to be effective in prevention of atrial fibrillation (1 3). Finally, as noted previously, the small studies that have found improvements in ejection fraction and exercise capacity related to statin therapy support the notion that statins may have beneficial effects on left ventricular remodeling. Thus, it is most likely that statin therapy exerts multiple beneficial effects in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy by its lipid lowering, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, autonomic, and/or other effects (21). The present findings are particularly notable for the large effects attributable to statin therapy, an adjusted HR of 0.22 for total mortality. This occurred in the setting of 85% usage of beta-blocker therapy and 95% usage of ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers. On the basis of the available data at the time the trial was designed, a 15% 2-year mortality was postulated with 50% of the deaths being due to arrhythmia. The observed 2-year mortality in the standard therapy group was 14.1%, but only one-third of the deaths were due to arrhythmia. It is possible that the high frequency of statin use may have contributed to the reduced fraction of deaths attributable to arrhythmia. Study limitations. Although the present findings are quite dramatic, they should be considered exploratory and require confirmation in a prospective randomized clinical trial. However, selection bias as an explanation for the present findings is unlikely. First, there are multiple studies that document a relatively large effect of treatment, including randomized trial data. Second, the presence of a selection bias would imply that hypercholesterolemia triggering statin therapy selects a patient population at markedly lower risk than nonhypercholesterolemic patients, an implausible assumption. Although it is attractive to attribute the findings to the pleiotropic effects of statins, it is possible that the results are due to their cholesterol-lowering effects, with the possibility that all lipid-lowering agents might provide the same benefit in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. There were an additional 14 patients on other lipidlowering agents; including those patients in this analysis did not alter the findings. Furthermore, it is unknown whether patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy without hypercholesterolemia might benefit from statin therapy. Bleske et al. (13) showed neither a beneficial nor a detrimental effect of statin therapy on markers of inflammation, endothelial activation, and parasympathetic tone in patients with heart failure and average low-density lipoprotein levels. Conclusions. Statin therapy has become a mainstay in patients with coronary artery disease. The combined data from this trial and the few other clinical studies that have evaluated the use of statins in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy provide strong justification for evaluating whether routine statin use in this patient population, even those without hypercholesterolemia, provides a clinical benefit. Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. Jeffrey Goldberger, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 251 East Huron, Feinberg Pavilion 8-542, Chicago, Illinois j-goldberger@northwestern.edu.
6 JACC Vol. 48, No. 6, 2006 September 19, 2006: Goldberger et al. Effects of Statins in Dilated Cardiomyopathy 1233 REFERENCES 1. Young-Xu Y, Jabbour S, Goldberg R, et al. Usefulness of statin drugs in protecting against atrial fibrillation in patients with coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 2003;92: Shiroshita-Takeshita A, Schram G, Lavoie J, Nattel S. Effect of simvastatin and antioxidant vitamins on atrial fibrillation promotion by atrial-tachycardia remodeling in dogs. Circulation 2004;110: Kumagai K, Nakashima H, Saku K. The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor atorvastatin prevents atrial fibrillation by inhibiting inflammation in a canine sterile pericarditis model. Cardiovasc Res 2004;62: Laufs U, Wassmann S, Schackmann S, Heeschen C, Bohm M, Nickenig G. Beneficial effects of statins in patients with non-ischemic heart failure. Z Kardiol 2004;93: Node K, Fujita M, Kitakaze M, Hori M, Liao J. Short-term statin therapy improves cardiac function and symptoms in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2003;108: Sola S, Mir M, Lerakis S, Tandon N, Khan B. Atorvastatin improves left ventricular systolic function and serum markers of inflammation in nonischemic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;47: DeSutter J, Tavernier R, DeBuyzere M, Jordaens L, DeBacker G. Lipid lowering drugs and recurrences of the life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias in high-risk patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;36: Chiu J, Abdelhadi R, Chung M, et al. Effect of statin therapy on risk of ventricular arrhythmia among patients with coronary artery disease and an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Am J Cardiol 2005;95: Mitchell L, Powell J, Gillis A, Kehl V, Hallstrom A, and the AVID Investigators. Are lipid-lowering drugs also antiarrhythmic drugs? An analysis of the Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;42: Horwich T, MacLellan W, Fonarow G. Statin therapy is associated with improved survival in ischemic and non-ischemic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43: Kadish A, Dyer A, Daubert J, et al. Prophylactic defibrillator implantation in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med 2004;350: Epstein A, Carlson M, Fogoros R, Higgins S, Venditti F. Classification of death in antiarrhythmia trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;27: Bleske B, Nicklas J, Bard R, et al. Neutral effect on markers of heart failure, inflammation, endothelial activation and function, and vagal tone after high-dose HMG-CoA reductase inhibition in non-diabetic patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy and average low-density lipoprotein level. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;47: Rauchhaus M, Clark A, Doehner W, et al. The relationship between cholesterol and survival in patients with chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;42: Horwich T, Hamilton M, Maclellan W. Low serum total cholesterol is associated with marked increase in mortality in advanced heart failure. J Card Fail 2002;8: Mozaffarian D, Nye R, Levy W. Statin therapy is associated with lower mortality among patients with severe heart failure. Am J Cardiol 2004;93: Kjekshus J, Pedersen T, Olsson A, Faergeman O, Pyorala K. The effects of simvastatin on the incidence of heart failure in patients with coronary heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;3: Aronow W, Ahn C. Frequency of congestive heart failure in older person with prior myocardial infarction and serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol 125 mg/dl treated with statins versus no lipid-lowering drug. Am J Cardiol 2002;90: Ellenbogen K, Levine J, Berger R, et al. Are implantable cardioverter defibrillator shocks a surrogate for sudden cardiac death in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy? Circulation 2006;113: Uretsky B, Thygesen K, Armstrong P, et al. Acute coronary findings at autopsy in heart failure patients with sudden death: results from the Assessment of Treatment with Lisinopril And Survival (ATLAS) trial. Circulation 2000;102: Pham M, Oka R, Giacomini J. Statin therapy in heart failure. Curr Opin Lipidol 2005;16:630 4.
Dialysis-Dependent Cardiomyopathy Patients Demonstrate Poor Survival Despite Reverse Remodeling With Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Dialysis-Dependent Cardiomyopathy Patients Demonstrate Poor Survival Despite Reverse Remodeling With Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Evan Adelstein, MD, FHRS John Gorcsan III, MD Samir Saba, MD, FHRS
More informationArrhythmia/Electrophysiology
Arrhythmia/Electrophysiology Are Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Shocks a Surrogate for Sudden Cardiac Death in Patients With Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy? Kenneth A. Ellenbogen, MD; Joseph H. Levine,
More informationShocks burden and increased mortality in implantable cardioverter-defibrillator patients
Shocks burden and increased mortality in implantable cardioverter-defibrillator patients Gail K. Larsen, MD, MPH,* John Evans, MD, William E. Lambert, PhD,* Yiyi Chen, PhD,* Merritt H. Raitt, MD* From
More informationProgram Metrics. New Unique ID. Old Unique ID. Metric Set Metric Name Description. Old Metric Name
Program Metrics The list below includes the metrics that will be calculated by the PINNACLE Registry for the outpatient office setting. These include metrics for, Atrial Fibrillation, Hypertension and.
More informationImplantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Therapy in MADIT II Patients with Signs and Symptoms of Heart Failure
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Therapy in MADIT II Patients with Signs and Symptoms of Heart Failure Wojciech Zareba Postinfarction patients with left ventricular dysfunction are at increased risk
More informationOnline Appendix (JACC )
Beta blockers in Heart Failure Collaborative Group Online Appendix (JACC013117-0413) Heart rate, heart rhythm and prognostic effect of beta-blockers in heart failure: individual-patient data meta-analysis
More informationEvaluation of Sum Absolute QRST Integral as a Clinical Marker for Ventricular Arrhythmias. Markus Kowalsky Group 11
Evaluation of Sum Absolute QRST Integral as a Clinical Marker for Ventricular Arrhythmias Markus Kowalsky Group 11 Selected Paper Ventricular arrhythmia is predicted by sum absolute QRST integral but not
More informationPrimary prevention ICD recipients: the need for defibrillator back-up after an event-free first battery service-life
Chapter 3 Primary prevention ICD recipients: the need for defibrillator back-up after an event-free first battery service-life Guido H. van Welsenes, MS, Johannes B. van Rees, MD, Joep Thijssen, MD, Serge
More informationIntensive Statin Therapy and the Risk of Hospitalization for Heart Failure After an Acute Coronary Syndrome in the PROVE IT TIMI 22 Study
Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 47, No. 11, 2006 2006 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN 0735-1097/06/$32.00 Published by Elsevier Inc. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2006.03.034
More informationArrhythmias Focused Review. Who Needs An ICD?
Who Needs An ICD? Cesar Alberte, MD, Douglas P. Zipes, MD, Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN Sudden cardiac arrest is one of the most common causes
More informationMeta-analysis of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator secondary prevention trials
European Heart Journal (2000) 21, 2071 2078 doi.10.1053/euhj.2000.2476, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on Meta-analysis of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator secondary prevention
More informationPolypharmacy - arrhythmic risks in patients with heart failure
Influencing sudden cardiac death by pharmacotherapy Polypharmacy - arrhythmic risks in patients with heart failure Professor Dan Atar Head, Dept. of Cardiology Oslo University Hospital Ullevål Norway 27.8.2012
More informationControversies with regard to 'upstream therapy of atrial fibrillation
Controversies with regard to 'upstream therapy of atrial fibrillation Barbara Casadei Department of Cardiovascular Medicine John Radcliffe Hospital University of Oxford No conflict of interest to declare
More informationQuality Payment Program: Cardiology Specialty Measure Set
Quality Payment Program: Cardiology Specialty Set Title Number CMS Reporting Method(s) Heart Failure (HF): Angiotensin- Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor or Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB) Therapy for
More informationChapter 3. Eur Heart J 2009; 30:
Recurrence of Ventricular Arrhythmias in Ischemic Secondary Prevention ICD Recipients: Long-term Followup of the Leiden Out-of- Hospital Cardiac Arrest Study (LOHCAT) C. Jan Willem Borleffs, MD 1, Lieselot
More informationAre Lipid-Lowering Drugs Also Antiarrhythmic Drugs? An Analysis of the Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID) Trial
Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 42, No. 1, 2003 2003 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN 0735-1097/03/$30.00 Published by Elsevier Inc. doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(03)00498-4
More informationLong-term Preservation of Left Ventricular Function and Heart Failure Incidence with Ablate and Pace Therapy Utilizing Biventricular Pacing
The Journal of Innovations in Cardiac Rhythm Management, 3 (2012), 976 981 HEART FAILURE RESEARCH ARTICLE Long-term Preservation of Left Ventricular Function and Heart Failure Incidence with Ablate and
More informationRisk Stratification of Sudden Cardiac Death
Risk Stratification of Sudden Cardiac Death Michael R Gold, MD, PhD Medical University of South Carolina Charleston, SC USA Disclosures: None Sudden Cardiac Death A Major Public Health Problem > 1/2 of
More informationThe Therapeutic Role of the Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia
The Therapeutic Role of the Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia By Sandeep Joshi, MD and Jonathan S. Steinberg, MD Arrhythmia Service, Division of Cardiology
More informationQuality Payment Program: Cardiology Specialty Measure Set
Measure Title * Reportable via PINNACLE α Reportable via Diabetes Collaborative CQMC v1.0 Measure High Priority Measure Cross Cutting Measure Heart Failure (HF): Angiotensin- Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor
More informationStudy population The study population comprised patients with NIDCM and asymptomatic NSVT. The inclusion criteria were:
Amiodarone versus implantable cardioverter-defibrillator: randomized nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy and asymptomatic nonsustained ventricular tachycardia - AMIOVIRT Strickberger S A, Hummel J D, Bartlett
More informationShort and Long Term Outcomes of Patients Admitted with Unexplained Syncope Using a Simple Novel SELF-Pathway
Short and Long Term Outcomes of Patients Admitted with Unexplained Syncope Using a Simple Novel SELF-Pathway Eyal Herzog MD, FACC, Chaithanya K Pamidimukala, MBBS, Ammy Malinay, RN, Alexandre M Benjo,
More informationHHS Public Access Author manuscript J Am Coll Cardiol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2016 August 04.
Changes in Follow-up Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Associated with Outcomes in Primary Prevention ICD and CRT-D Recipients Yiyi Zhang, PhD *, Eliseo Guallar, MD, DrPH *, Elena Blasco-Colmenares, MD,
More informationMicrovolt T-Wave Alternans and the Risk of Death or Sustained Ventricular Arrhythmias in Patients With Left Ventricular Dysfunction
Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 47, No. 2, 2006 2006 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN 0735-1097/06/$32.00 Published by Elsevier Inc. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.11.026
More informationArbolishvili GN, Mareev VY Institute of Clinical Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
THE VALUE OF 24 H HEART RATE VARIABILITY IN PREDICTING THE MODE OF DEATH IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE AND SYSTOLIC DYSFUNCTION IN BETA-BLOCKING BLOCKING ERA Arbolishvili GN, Mareev VY Institute of Clinical
More informationJournal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 37, No. 2, by the American College of Cardiology ISSN /01/$20.
Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 37, No. 2, 2001 2001 by the American College of Cardiology ISSN 0735-1097/01/$20.00 Published by Elsevier Science Inc. PII S0735-1097(00)01133-5 Coronary
More informationRita Calé, Miguel Mendes, António Ferreira, João Brito, Pedro Sousa, Pedro Carmo, Francisco Costa, Pedro Adragão, João Calqueiro, José Aniceto Silva.
Peak Circulatory Power : a new parameter of cardiopulmonary exercise testing to predict arrhythmic events in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator for primary prevention Rita Calé, Miguel
More informationJournal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 35, No. 3, by the American College of Cardiology ISSN /00/$20.
Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 35, No. 3, 2000 2000 by the American College of Cardiology ISSN 0735-1097/00/$20.00 Published by Elsevier Science Inc. PII S0735-1097(99)00608-7 The Prognostic
More informationORIGINAL INVESTIGATION
ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION Effectiveness of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease and Left Ventricular Dysfunction Paul S. Chan, MD, MSc; Theodore Chow, MD; Dean Kereiakes,
More informationJournal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 35, No. 5, by the American College of Cardiology ISSN /00/$20.
Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 35, No. 5, 2000 2000 by the American College of Cardiology ISSN 0735-1097/00/$20.00 Published by Elsevier Science Inc. PII S0735-1097(00)00546-5 CLINICAL
More informationAtrial fibrillation (AF) is a disorder seen
This Just In... An Update on Arrhythmia What do recent studies reveal about arrhythmia? In this article, the authors provide an update on atrial fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmia. Beth L. Abramson,
More informationPerformance and Quality Measures 1. NQF Measure Number. Coronary Artery Disease Measure Set
Unless indicated, the PINNACLE Registry measures are endorsed by the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American Heart Association and may be used for purposes of health care insurance payer
More informationSummary, conclusions and future perspectives
Summary, conclusions and future perspectives Summary The general introduction (Chapter 1) of this thesis describes aspects of sudden cardiac death (SCD), ventricular arrhythmias, substrates for ventricular
More informationRikshospitalet, University of Oslo
Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo Preventing heart failure by preventing coronary artery disease progression European Society of Cardiology Dyslipidemia 29.08.2010 Objectives The trends in cardiovascular
More information» A new drug s trial
» A new drug s trial A placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel arm Trial to assess the efficacy of dronedarone 400 mg bid for the prevention of cardiovascular Hospitalization or death from any cause
More informationPrimary prevention of SCD with the ICD in Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy
Primary prevention of SCD with the ICD in Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy Michael R Gold, MD, PhD Medical University of South Carolina Charleston, SC USA Disclosures: Consulting and Clinical Trials Medtronic
More informationShould I use statins?
I know the trials in heart failure but how do I manage my patient? Should I use statins? Aldo P Maggioni, MD, FESC ANMCO Research Center Firenze, Italy Disclosures Aldo P Maggioni served as a member of
More informationChapter 4: Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with CKD
Chapter 4: Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with CKD The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) was 65.8% among patients aged 66 and older who had chronic kidney disease (CKD), compared to 31.9%
More informationHydroxymethylglutaryl Coenzyme A Inhibitors (Statins) and Arrhythmias: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
ISPUB.COM The Internet Journal of Cardiology Volume 6 Number 2 Hydroxymethylglutaryl Coenzyme A Inhibitors (Statins) and Arrhythmias: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis S Thambidorai, K Anand, T Hee,
More informationComparison of clinical trials evaluating cardiac resynchronization therapy in mild to moderate heart failure
HOT TOPIC Cardiology Journal 2010, Vol. 17, No. 6, pp. 543 548 Copyright 2010 Via Medica ISSN 1897 5593 Comparison of clinical trials evaluating cardiac resynchronization therapy in mild to moderate heart
More informationRelationship between body mass index, coronary disease extension and clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome
Relationship between body mass index, coronary disease extension and clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome Helder Dores, Luís Bronze Carvalho, Ingrid Rosário, Sílvio Leal, Maria João
More informationWhat is New About Statins? M Mohsen Ibrahim, MD
What is New About Statins? M Mohsen Ibrahim, MD What is new about statins? Role in Acute coronary syndromes. Regression of atherosclerosis. Prevention of stroke. Role in heart failure. Prevention of diabetes
More informationBrian Olshansky, MD, FHRS,* John D. Day, MD, FHRS, Renee M. Sullivan, MD,* Patrick Yong, MSEE, Elizabeth Galle, MS, Jonathan S. Steinberg, MD, FHRS
Does cardiac resynchronization therapy provide unrecognized benefit in patients with prolonged PR intervals? The impact of restoring atrioventricular synchrony: An analysis from the COMPANION Trial Brian
More informationArrhythmias and Heart Failure Dr Chris Lang Consultant Cardiologist and Electrophysiologist Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh
Arrhythmias and Heart Failure Dr Chris Lang Consultant Cardiologist and Electrophysiologist Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh Arrhythmias and Heart Failure Ventricular Supraventricular VT/VF Primary prevention
More informationRACIAL DIFFERENCES IN THE OUTCOME OF LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN THE OUTCOME OF LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION
RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN THE OUTCOME OF LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN THE OUTCOME OF LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION DANIEL L. DRIES, M.D., M.P.H., DEREK V. EXNER, M.D., BERNARD J. GERSH,
More informationST2 in Heart Failure. ST2 as a Cardiovascular Biomarker. Competitive Model of ST2/IL-33 Signaling. ST2 and IL-33: Cardioprotective
ST2 as a Cardiovascular Biomarker Lori B. Daniels, MD, MAS, FACC Professor of Medicine Director, Coronary Care Unit University of California, San Diego ST2 and IL-33: Cardioprotective ST2: member of the
More informationThe Multicenter Unsustained Tachycardia Trial (MUSTT)
Effect of Implantable Defibrillators on Arrhythmic Events and Mortality in the Multicenter Unsustained Tachycardia Trial Kerry L. Lee, PhD; Gail Hafley, MS; John D. Fisher, MD; Michael R. Gold, MD; Eric
More informationStatins in the Treatment of Heart Failure: Failed Concept?
Statins in the Treatment of Heart Failure: Failed Concept? Tamara Horwich, MD, MS Assistant Professor of Medicine Division of Cardiology March 16, 2012 Background: Heart Failure and Statins Heart Failure
More informationSudden cardiac death. (Heart Rhythm 2010;7: ) 2010 Heart Rhythm Society. All rights reserved.
Gender differences in clinical outcome and primary prevention defibrillator benefit in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction: A systematic review and meta-analysis Pasquale Santangeli, MD,*
More informationIHCP bulletin INDIANA HEALTH COVERAGE PROGRAMS BT JANUARY 24, 2012
IHCP bulletin INDIANA HEALTH COVERAGE PROGRAMS BT201203 JANUARY 24, 2012 The IHCP to reimburse implantable cardioverter defibrillators separately from outpatient implantation Effective March 1, 2012, the
More informationTherapeutic Targets and Interventions
Therapeutic Targets and Interventions Ali Valika, MD, FACC Advanced Heart Failure and Pulmonary Hypertension Advocate Medical Group Midwest Heart Foundation Disclosures: 1. Novartis: Speaker Honorarium
More informationIt has been shown from meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials that patients with a pre-crt QRS duration (QRSD) >150 ms benefit
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy may be detrimental in patients with a Very Wide QRSD > 180 ms (VWQRSD) and Right Bundle Branch Block Morphology: Analysis From the Medicare ICD Registry Varun Sundaram
More information2017 AHA/ACC/HRS Ventricular Arrhythmias and Sudden Cardiac Death Guideline. Top Ten Messages. Eleftherios M Kallergis, MD, PhD, FESC
2017 AHA/ACC/HRS Ventricular Arrhythmias and Sudden Cardiac Death Guideline Top Ten Messages Eleftherios M Kallergis, MD, PhD, FESC Cadiology Department - Heraklion University Hospital No actual or potential
More information20 ng/ml 200 ng/ml 1000 ng/ml chronic kidney disease CKD Brugada 5 Brugada Brugada 1
Symposium 39 45 1 1 2005 2008 108000 59000 55 1 3 0.045 1 1 90 95 5 10 60 30 Brugada 5 Brugada 80 15 Brugada 1 80 20 2 12 X 2 1 1 brain natriuretic peptide BNP 20 ng/ml 200 ng/ml 1000 ng/ml chronic kidney
More informationAutomatic External Defibrillators
Last Review Date: April 21, 2017 Number: MG.MM.DM.10dC3v4 Medical Guideline Disclaimer Property of EmblemHealth. All rights reserved. The treating physician or primary care provider must submit to EmblemHealth
More informationWearable Cardioverter-Defibrillators
Wearable Cardioverter-Defibrillators Policy Number: 2.02.15 Last Review: 12/2018 Origination: 10/1988 Next Review: 12/2019 Policy Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Kansas City (Blue KC) will provide coverage
More informationPrognostic Importance of Defibrillator Shock
Transcript Details This is a transcript of an educational program accessible on the ReachMD network. Details about the program and additional media formats for the program are accessible by visiting: https://reachmd.com/programs/clinicians-roundtable/prognostic-importance-of-defibrillator-shock/3680/
More informationNew PINNACLE Measures The below measures for PINNACLE will be added as new measures to the outcomes reporting starting with Version 2.0.
New PINNACLE Measures The below measures for PINNACLE will be added as new measures to the outcomes reporting starting with Version 2.0. Measure Steward Measure Name Measure Description Rationale for Adding
More informationMichel Mirowski and colleagues ABSTRACT CARDIOLOGY. ICD Update: New Evidence and Emerging Clinical Roles in Primary Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death
ICD Update: New Evidence and Emerging Clinical Roles in Primary Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death Ronald D. Berger, MD, PhD, FACC ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To review recent major randomized trials of implantable
More informationOriginal Article Fragmented QRS as a Predictor of Appropriate Implantable Cardioverter-defibrillator Therapy
4 Original Article Fragmented QRS as a Predictor of Appropriate Implantable Cardioverter-defibrillator Therapy Sirin Apiyasawat, Dujdao Sahasthas, Tachapong Ngarmukos, Pakorn Chandanamattha, Khanchit Likittanasombat
More informationVentricular Tachycardia Ablation. Saverio Iacopino, MD, FACC, FESC
Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation Saverio Iacopino, MD, FACC, FESC ü Ventricular arrhythmias, both symptomatic and asymptomatic, are common, but syncope and SCD are infrequent initial manifestations of
More informationJournal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 44, No. 7, by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN /04/$30.
Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 44, No. 7, 2004 2004 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN 0735-1097/04/$30.00 Published by Elsevier Inc. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2004.06.063
More informationSynopsis of Management on Ventricular arrhythmias. M. Soni MD Interventional Cardiologist
Synopsis of Management on Ventricular arrhythmias M. Soni MD Interventional Cardiologist No financial disclosure Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC) Ventricular Bigeminy Ventricular Trigeminy Multifocal
More informationDo All Patients With An ICD Indication Need A BiV Pacing Device?
Do All Patients With An ICD Indication Need A BiV Pacing Device? Muhammad A. Hammouda, MD Electrophysiology Laboratory Department of Critical Care Medicine Cairo University Etiology and Pathophysiology
More informationT-Wave Alternans. Policy # Original Effective Date: 06/05/2002 Current Effective Date: 09/17/2014
Applies to all products administered or underwritten by Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Louisiana and its subsidiary, HMO Louisiana, Inc.(collectively referred to as the Company ), unless otherwise provided
More informationEfficacy of beta-blockers in heart failure patients with atrial fibrillation: An individual patient data meta-analysis
Efficacy of beta-blockers in heart failure patients with atrial fibrillation: An individual patient data meta-analysis Dipak Kotecha, MD PhD on behalf of the Selection of slides presented at the European
More informationRhythm Control: Is There a Role for the PCP? Blake Norris, MD, FACC BHHI Primary Care Symposium February 28, 2014
Rhythm Control: Is There a Role for the PCP? Blake Norris, MD, FACC BHHI Primary Care Symposium February 28, 2014 Financial disclosures Consultant Medtronic 3 reasons to evaluate and treat arrhythmias
More informationJournal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 35, No. 7, by the American College of Cardiology ISSN /00/$20.
Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 35, No. 7, 2000 2000 by the American College of Cardiology ISSN 0735-1097/00/$20.00 Published by Elsevier Science Inc. PII S0735-1097(00)00625-2 Light-to-Moderate
More informationCardiac Drugs: Chapter 9 Worksheet Cardiac Agents. 1. drugs affect the rate of the heart and can either increase its rate or decrease its rate.
Complete the following. 1. drugs affect the rate of the heart and can either increase its rate or decrease its rate. 2. drugs affect the force of contraction and can be either positive or negative. 3.
More informationNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR HEALTH AND CLINICAL EXCELLENCE
NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR HEALTH AND CLINICAL EXCELLENCE Implantable cardioverter defibrillators for the treatment of arrhythmias and cardiac resynchronisation therapy for the treatment of heart failure (review
More informationCardiac Devices CRT,ICD: Who is and is not a Candidate? Who Decides
Cardiac Devices CRT,ICD: Who is and is not a Candidate? Who Decides Colette Seifer MB(Hons) FRCP(UK) Associate Professor, University of Manitoba, Cardiologist, Cardiac Sciences Program, St Boniface Hospital
More informationImpaired Chronotropic Response to Exercise Stress Testing in Patients with Diabetes Predicts Future Cardiovascular Events
Diabetes Care Publish Ahead of Print, published online May 28, 2008 Chronotropic response in patients with diabetes Impaired Chronotropic Response to Exercise Stress Testing in Patients with Diabetes Predicts
More informationHeart Failure Management. Waleed AlHabeeb, MD, MHA Assistant Professor of Medicine Consultant Heart Failure Cardiologist
Heart Failure Management Waleed AlHabeeb, MD, MHA Assistant Professor of Medicine Consultant Heart Failure Cardiologist Heart failure prevalence is expected to continue to increase¹ 21 MILLION ADULTS WORLDWIDE
More informationTitle: Automatic External Defibrillators Division: Medical Management Department: Utilization Management
Retired Date: Page 1 of 7 1. POLICY DESCRIPTION: Automatic External Defibrillators 2. RESPONSIBLE PARTIES: Medical Management Administration, Utilization Management, Integrated Care Management, Pharmacy,
More informationChapter 4: Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With CKD
Chapter 4: Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With CKD The prevalence of cardiovascular disease is 68.8% among patients aged 66 and older who have CKD, compared to 34.1% among those who do not have CKD
More informationHeart failure. Complex clinical syndrome. Estimated prevalence of ~2.4% (NHANES)
Heart failure Complex clinical syndrome caused by any structural or functional impairment of ventricular filling or ejection of blood Estimated prevalence of ~2.4% (NHANES) Etiology Generally divided into
More informationJournal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 34, No. 2, by the American College of Cardiology ISSN /99/$20.
Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 34, No. 2, 1999 1999 by the American College of Cardiology ISSN 0735-1097/99/$20.00 Published by Elsevier Science Inc. PII S0735-1097(99)00234-X CLINICAL
More informationImpact of Shocks on Mortality in Patients with Ischemic or Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Defibrillators Implanted for Primary Prevention
Impact of Shocks on Mortality in Patients with Ischemic or Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Defibrillators Implanted for Primary Prevention Florian Streitner*, Thomas Herrmann, Juergen Kuschyk, Siegfried Lang,
More informationMedical Policy An Independent Licensee of the Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association
Cardioverter-Defibrillators Page 1 of 32 Medical Policy An Independent Licensee of the Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association Title: Cardioverter-Defibrillators Professional Institutional Original Effective
More informationMedical Policy An independent licensee of the Blue Cross Blue Shield Association
Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillators Page 1 of 25 Medical Policy An independent licensee of the Blue Cross Blue Shield Association Title: See also: Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillators Implantable Cardioverter
More informationNew evidences in heart failure: the GISSI-HF trial. Aldo P Maggioni, MD ANMCO Research Center Firenze, Italy
New evidences in heart failure: the GISSI-HF trial Aldo P Maggioni, MD ANMCO Research Center Firenze, Italy % Improving survival in chronic HF and LV systolic dysfunction: 1 year all-cause mortality 20
More informationDECLARATION OF CONFLICT OF INTEREST
DECLARATION OF CONFLICT OF INTEREST Is there a mortality risk associated with aspirin use in heart failure? Results from a large community based cohort Margaret Bermingham, Mary-Kate Shanahan, Saki Miwa,
More informationOriginal Policy Date
MP 7.01.32 Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) Medical Policy Section Surgery Issue 12:2013 Original Policy Date 12:2013 Last Review Status/Date Reviewed with literature search/12:2013 Return
More informationSyncope Predicts the Outcome of Cardiomyopathy Patients
Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 51, No. 13, 2008 2008 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN 0735-1097/08/$34.00 Published by Elsevier Inc. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.11.065
More informationJournal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 61, No. 14, by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN /$36.
Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 61, No. 14, 2013 2013 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN 0735-1097/$36.00 Published by Elsevier Inc. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2013.01.020
More informationعلم االنسان ما لم يعلم
In the name of Allah, the Beneficiate, the Merciful ق ال هللا تعالي: 5 الدى علم بالق لم 4 علم االنسان ما لم يعلم سورة العلق It is He (Allah), Who has taught by the pen He has taught man which he did not
More informationPreventing Sudden Death Current & Future Role of ICD Therapy
Preventing Sudden Death Current & Future Role of ICD Therapy Derek V Exner, MD, MPH, FRCPC, FACC, FAHA, FHRS Professor, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta Canada Research Chair, Cardiovascular Clinical
More informationCHADS 2 Score, Statin Therapy, and Risks of Atrial Fibrillation
CLINICAL RESEARCH STUDY CHADS 2 Score, Statin Therapy, and Risks of Atrial Fibrillation Chen-Ying Hung, MD, a Ching-Heng Lin, PhD, b El-Wui Loh, PhD, c Chih-Tai Ting, MD, PhD, a,d Tsu-Juey Wu, MD, PhD
More informationNoninvasive Predictors of Sudden Cardiac Death
2011 년순환기관련학회춘계통합학술대회 Noninvasive Predictors of Sudden Cardiac Death 영남대학교의과대학순환기내과학교실신동구 Diseases associated with SCD Previous SCD event Prior episode of ventricular tachyarrhythmia Previous myocardial
More informationthat number is extremely high. It s 16 episodes, or in other words, it s 14, one-four, ICD shocks per patient per day.
Doctor Karlsner, Doctor Schumosky, ladies and gentlemen. It s my real pleasure to participate in this session on controversial issues in the management of ventricular tachycardia and I m sure that will
More informationQRS Duration Does Not Predict Occurrence of Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias in Patients With Implanted Cardioverter-Defibrillators
Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 46, No. 2, 2005 2005 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation ISSN 0735-1097/05/$30.00 Published by Elsevier Inc. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.03.060
More informationMethods. Washington, DC and Hines, Illinois
942 JACC Vol. 32, No. 4 Prevalence and Significance of Nonsustained Ventricular Tachycardia in Patients With Premature Ventricular Contractions and Heart Failure Treated With Vasodilator Therapy STEVEN
More informationSecondary prevention of sudden cardiac death
Secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death Balbir Singh, MD, DM; Lakshmi N. Kottu, MBBS, Dip Card, PGPCard Department of Cardiology, Medanta Medcity Hospital, Gurgaon, India Abstract All randomised secondary
More informationWearable Cardioverter-Defibrillators
Wearable Cardioverter-Defibrillators Policy Number: 2.02.15 Last Review: 12/2017 Origination: 10/1988 Next Review: 12/2018 Policy Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Kansas City (Blue KC) will provide coverage
More informationWearable Cardioverter-Defibrillators
Wearable Cardioverter-Defibrillators Policy Number: 2.02.15 Last Review: 12/2013 Origination: 10/1988 Next Review: 12/2014 Policy Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Kansas City (Blue KC) will provide coverage
More informationGALECTIN-3 PREDICTS LONG TERM CARDIOVASCULAR DEATH IN HIGH-RISK CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE PATIENTS
GALECTIN-3 PREDICTS LONG TERM CARDIOVASCULAR DEATH IN HIGH-RISK CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE PATIENTS Table of Contents List of authors pag 2 Supplemental figure I pag 3 Supplemental figure II pag 4 Supplemental
More informationThe Role of ACEI and ARBs in AF prevention
The Role of ACEI and ARBs in AF prevention Dr. Sameh Shaheen MD, FESC Prof. of cardiology Ain-Shams university Time course of atrial substrate remodeling in relation to the clinical appearance of AF and
More informationThoranis Chantrarat MD
Device Therapy in Heart Failure Thoranis Chantrarat MD 1 Scope of presentation Natural history of heart failure Primary and secondary prevention ICD and its indication CRT and its indication 2 Severity
More informationegfr > 50 (n = 13,916)
Saxagliptin and Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Moderate or Severe Renal Impairment: Observations from the SAVOR-TIMI 53 Trial Supplementary Table 1. Characteristics according
More informationInnovation therapy in Heart Failure
Innovation therapy in Heart Failure P. Laothavorn September 2015 Topics of discussion Basic Knowledge about heart failure Standard therapy New emerging therapy References: standard Therapy in Heart Failure
More information