Cardiovascular system: Blood vessels, blood flow. Latha Rajendra Kumar, MD
|
|
- Prudence Gibson
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Cardiovascular system: Blood vessels, blood flow Latha Rajendra Kumar, MD
2 Outline 1- Physical laws governing blood flow and blood pressure 2- Overview of vasculature 3- Arteries 4. Capillaries and venules 5. Veins 6. Lymphatic circulation 7. Mean arterial pressure and its regulation 8. Other cardiovascular regulatory processes
3 Outline 1- Physical laws governing blood flow and blood pressure 2- Overview of vasculature 3- Arteries 4. Capillaries and venules 5. Veins 6. Lymphatic circulation 7. Mean arterial pressure and its regulation 8. Other cardiovascular regulatory processes
4 Physical laws governing blood flow and blood pressure Flow of blood through out body = pressure gradient within vessels X resistance to flow - Pressure gradient: aortic pressure central venous pressure - Resistance: -- vessel radius -- vessel length -- blood viscosity
5 Factors promoting total peripheral resistance (TPR) Total peripheral resistance = TPR -- combined resistance of all vessels -- vasodilation resistance decreases -- vasoconstriction resistance increases
6 Outline 1- Physical laws governing blood flow and blood pressure 2- Overview of vasculature 3- Arteries 4. Capillaries and venules 5. Veins 6. Lymphatic circulation 7. Mean arterial pressure and its regulation 8. Other cardiovascular regulatory processes
7 Vasculature
8 Arteries and blood pressure Pressure reservoir Arterial walls are able to expand and recoil because of the pressure of elastic fibers in the arterial wall Systolic pressure: maximum pressure occurring during systole Diastolic pressure: pressure during diastole
9 Arterial blood pressure Figure 14.8
10 Blood pressure values: what do they mean? Pulse pressure: PP = SP-DP Mean arterial blood pressure = MABP MABP = SBP + (2XDBP) 3 CO = MABP = SV x HR TPR
11 Blood flow within each organ changes with body activities Reminder: The ANS controls blood flow to the various organs Figure 14.15
12 Outline 1- Physical laws governing blood flow and blood pressure 2- Overview of vasculature 3- Arteries 4. Capillaries and venules 5. Veins 6. Lymphatic circulation 7. Mean arterial pressure and its regulation 8. Other cardiovascular regulatory processes
13 Capillaries Allow exchange of gases, nutrients and wastes between blood and tissues Overall large surface area and low blood flow Two main types: - continuous capillaries: narrow space between cells permeable to small or lipid soluble molecules - fenestrated capillaries: large pores between cells large molecules can pass
14 Local control of blood flow in capillaries Presence of precapillary sphincters on the arteriole and beginning of capillaries Metarteriole: no sphincter continuous blood flow controls the amount of blood going to neighboring vessels
15 Movement of materials across capillary walls Small molecules and lipid soluble molecules move by diffusion through the cell membrane Larger molecules, charged molecules must pass through membrane channels, exocytosis or in between 2 cells Water movement is controlled by the capillary hydrostatic and osmotic pressures
16 Forces controlling water movement Arterial side of the capillary: High capillary hydrostatic pressure (BHP), lower capillary osmotic pressure (BOP, due to proteins and other molecules in the blood) Net filtration pressure pushes fluid from the blood toward the tissue (but the proteins remain in the capillary Venous side of the capillary: - Lower hydrostatic pressure (due to resistance) and higher capillary osmotic pressure Net filtration pressure moves fluid back toward the capillary Interstitial fluid hydrostatic (IFHP) and osmotic pressures (IFOP) remain overall identical
17 Fluid movement in the capillary Arteriole side: fluid moves toward the tissues Venous side: fluid reenters the capillary Overall: for every 1 liter of fluid entering the tissues, only 0.85 l reenter the capillary The remaining 0.15 l is reabsorbed as lymph by lymphatic capillaries and eventually returned back to blood circulation When this system fails: Edema
18 Causes of edema Increased hydrostatic blood pressure - heart failure (left or right), - excess fluid in the blood Decreased blood osmotic pressure Liver, kidney diseases, malnutrition (kwashiorkor), burn injuries Increased interstitial hydrostatic pressure (lymphatic capillary blockage) - breast cancer surgery, elephantiasis Leaking capillary wall - histamine release during allergic reaction
19 Outline 1- Physical laws governing blood flow and blood pressure 2- Overview of vasculature 3- Arteries 4. Capillaries and venules 5. Veins 6. Lymphatic circulation 7. Mean arterial pressure and its regulation 8. Other cardiovascular regulatory processes
20 Veins Veins are blood volume reservoir Due to thinness of vessel wall less resistance to stretch = more compliance
21 Factors influencing venous return 1- Skeletal muscle pump and valves 2- Respiratory pump 3- Blood volume 4- Venomotor tone
22 Outline 1- Physical laws governing blood flow and blood pressure 2- Overview of vasculature 3- Arteries 4. Capillaries and venules 5. Veins 6. Lymphatic circulation 7. Mean arterial pressure and its regulation 8. Other cardiovascular regulatory processes
23 Lymphatic circulation Driven by factors similar to venous circulation: - muscle activity - valves - respiration Lymph = plasma-proteins Lymphatic circulation collects fluid not reabsorbed by the capillaries Lymph is filtered in nodes before return to blood circulation
24 Outline 1- Physical laws governing blood flow and blood pressure 2- Overview of vasculature 3- Arteries 4. Capillaries and venules 5. Veins 6. Lymphatic circulation 7. Mean arterial pressure and its regulation 8. Other cardiovascular regulatory processes
25 Mean arterial pressure and its regulation Regulation of blood flow in arteries - Intrinsic control - Extrinsic control -- Neural control -- Hormonal control * Control of blood vessel radius * Control of blood volume
26 Mean arterial pressure and its regulation Regulation of blood flow in arteries - Intrinsic control - Extrinsic control -- Neural control -- Hormonal control * Control of blood vessel radius * Control of blood volume
27 Regulation of blood flow in arteries It is important to adjust blood flow to organ needs Flow of blood to particular organ can be regulated by varying resistance to flow (or blood vessel diameter) Vasoconstriction of blood vessel smooth muscle is controlled both by the ANS and at the local level. Four factors control arterial flow at the organ level: - change in metabolic activity - changes in blood flow - stretch of arterial smooth muscle - local chemical messengers
28 Intrinsic control of local arterial blood flow Change in metabolic activity Usually linked to CO2 and O2 levels ( CO2 vasodilation blood flow) intrinsic control Changes in blood flow - decreased blood flow increased metabolic wastes vasodilation Stretch of arterial wall = myogenic response - Stretch of arterial wall due to increased pressure reflex constriction Locally secreted chemicals can promote vasoconstriction or most commonly vasodilation - inflammatory chemicals, (nitric oxide, CO2)
29 Mean arterial pressure and its regulation Regulation of blood flow in arteries - Intrinsic control - Extrinsic control -- Neural control -- Hormonal control * Control of blood vessel radius * Control of blood volume
30 Extrinsic control of blood pressure Two ways to control BP: - Neural control - Hormonal control ** Use negative feedback
31 Control of blood pressure Importance: Blood pressure is a key factor for providing blood (thus oxygen and energy) to organs. SBP must be a minimum of 70 to sustain kidney filtration and adequate blood flow to the brain CO= HR X SV = MABP/TPR MABP= HRxSVxTPR heart rate, stroke volume and peripheral resistance affect MABP Main factors controlling BP: - Blood volume - Blood vessel radius
32 Neural control of BP - 1 Baroreceptors: carotid and aortic sinuses sense the blood pressure in the aortic arch and internal carotid send signal to the vasomotor center in the medulla oblongata Other information are sent from the hypothalamus, cortex
33 Neural control of BP - 2 The vasomotor center integrates all these information The vasomotor sends decision to the ANS center: - Both parasympathetic and sympathetic innervate the S/A node can accelerate or slow down the heart rate - The sympathetic NS innervates the myocardium and the smooth muscle of the arteries and veins promotes vasoconstriction
34 Hormonal control of BP Hormones can control blood vessel radius and blood volume, stroke volume and heart rate On a normal basis, blood vessel radius and blood volume are the main factors If there is a critical loss of pressure, then the effects on HR and SV will be noticeable (due to epinephrine kicking in) Control of blood vessel radius - Epinephrine - Angiotensin II - Vasopressin (?) Control of blood volume - Anti-diuretic hormone (vasopressin) - Aldosterone Control of heart rate and stroke volume - Epinephrine
35 Control of blood vessel radius Epinephrine: secreted by the adrenal medulla and ANS reflex increase HR, stroke volume and promotes vasoconstriction of most blood vessel smooth muscles. Angiotensin II promotes - vasoconstriction - - Angiotensin II secretion: Decreased flow of filtrate in kidney tubule is sensed by the Juxtaglomerular apparatus (a small organ located in the tubule) secretion of renin Renin activates angiotensinogen, a protein synthesized by the liver and circulating in the blood angiotensin I Angiotensin I is activated by a lung enzyme, Angiotensin-Activating Enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II Angiotensin II is a powerful vasoconstricted of blood vessel smooth muscles
36 Control of blood volume Anti-diuretic hormone = ADH - - Secreted by the posterior pituitary in response to blood osmolarity (often due to dehydration) Promote water reabsorption by the kidney tubules H2O moves back into the blood less urine formed
37 Control of blood volume Aldosterone: - Secretion by the adrenal cortex triggered by angiotensin II Promotes sodium reabsorption by the kidney tubules (Na+ moves back into the blood) H2O follows by osmosis Whereas ADH promotes H2O reabsorption only (in response to dehydration), aldosterone promotes reabsorption of both H2O and salt (in response to BP)
38 Clinical application: Shock Stage I: reversible, compensated shock Stage II: reversible, noncompensated shock Stage III: irreversible shock Death Stage I: Body reacts to maintain BP HR, vasoconstriction.. BP remains within normal range Stage II: Body reacts to maintain BP HR, vasoconstriction.. BP drops below adequate range (SBP 70). Can be reversed by medical treatment Stage III: Body is fighting to maintain adequate BP without success HR is very high not enough O2 for cardiac, brain cells to survive damages. Cannot be reversed by medical treatment
Chapter 14 Blood Vessels, Blood Flow and Pressure Exam Study Questions
Chapter 14 Blood Vessels, Blood Flow and Pressure Exam Study Questions 14.1 Physical Law Governing Blood Flow and Blood Pressure 1. How do you calculate flow rate? 2. What is the driving force of blood
More informationPhysiology of Circulation
Physiology of Circulation Dr. Ali Ebneshahidi Blood vessels Arteries: Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to the lungs and tissues. Arterioles are small arteries that deliver blood to the
More informationCardiovascular System. Blood Vessel anatomy Physiology & regulation
Cardiovascular System Blood Vessel anatomy Physiology & regulation Path of blood flow Aorta Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Venules Veins Vena cava Vessel anatomy: 3 layers Tunica externa (adventitia):
More informationCardiovascular System B L O O D V E S S E L S 2
Cardiovascular System B L O O D V E S S E L S 2 Blood Pressure Main factors influencing blood pressure: Cardiac output (CO) Peripheral resistance (PR) Blood volume Peripheral resistance is a major factor
More informationHeart. Large lymphatic vessels Lymph node. Lymphatic. system Arteriovenous anastomosis. (exchange vessels)
Venous system Large veins (capacitance vessels) Small veins (capacitance vessels) Postcapillary venule Thoroughfare channel Heart Large lymphatic vessels Lymph node Lymphatic system Arteriovenous anastomosis
More informationBlood Pressure Regulation Graphics are used with permission of: Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings (http://www.aw-bc.
Blood Pressure Regulation Graphics are used with permission of: Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings (http://www.aw-bc.com) Page 1. Introduction There are two basic mechanisms for regulating
More informationPhysiology Unit 3 CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY: THE VASCULAR SYSTEM
Physiology Unit 3 CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY: THE VASCULAR SYSTEM In Physiology Today Hemodynamics F = ΔP/R Blood flow (F) High to low pressure Rate = L/min Pressure (P) Hydrostatic pressure Pressure exerted
More informationLab Period: Name: Physiology Chapter 14 Blood Flow and Blood Pressure, Plus Fun Review Study Guide
Lab Period: Name: Physiology Chapter 14 Blood Flow and Blood Pressure, Plus Fun Review Study Guide Main Idea: The function of the circulatory system is to maintain adequate blood flow to all tissues. Clinical
More informationBIOH122 Session 6 Vascular Regulation
BIOH122 Session 6 Vascular Regulation To complete this worksheet, select: Module: Distribution Title: Vascular Regulation Introduction 1. a. How do Mean Arterial Blood Pressure (MABP) and Systemic Vascular
More informationThe Cardiovascular system: physiology of circulation
Chapter 21 The Cardiovascular system: physiology of circulation blood vessel structure and function physiology of circulation: blood flow, blood pressure, and resistance blood flow the amount of blood
More informationBIOL 219 Spring Chapters 14&15 Cardiovascular System
1 BIOL 219 Spring 2013 Chapters 14&15 Cardiovascular System Outline: Components of the CV system Heart anatomy Layers of the heart wall Pericardium Heart chambers, valves, blood vessels, septum Atrioventricular
More informationBlood Pressure Regulation. Faisal I. Mohammed, MD,PhD
Blood Pressure Regulation Faisal I. Mohammed, MD,PhD 1 Objectives Outline the short term and long term regulators of BP Know how baroreceptors and chemoreceptors work Know function of the atrial reflex.
More informationMicrocirculation and Edema. Faisal I. Mohammed MD, PhD.
Microcirculation and Edema Faisal I. Mohammed MD, PhD. Objectives: Point out the structure and function of the microcirculation. Describe how solutes and fluids are exchang in capillaries. Outline what
More informationBIPN100 F15 Human Physiol I (Kristan) Lecture 14 Cardiovascular control mechanisms p. 1
BIPN100 F15 Human Physiol I (Kristan) Lecture 14 Cardiovascular control mechanisms p. 1 Terms you should understand: hemorrhage, intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms, anoxia, myocardial contractility, residual
More informationI. Cardiac Output Chapter 14
10/24/11 I. Cardiac Output Chapter 14 Cardiac Output, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure Lecture PowerPoint Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Cardiac
More informationChapter 21 Peripheral circulation and Regulation
Chapter 21 Peripheral circulation and Regulation I. Blood vessel structure A. Blood flows from large arteries to small capillaries 1. Large arteries contain large amounts of elastic tissue and little smooth
More informationStructure and organization of blood vessels
The cardiovascular system Structure of the heart The cardiac cycle Structure and organization of blood vessels What is the cardiovascular system? The heart is a double pump heart arteries arterioles veins
More informationMicrocirculation and Edema- L1 L2
Microcirculation and Edema- L1 L2 Faisal I. Mohammed MD, PhD. University of Jordan 1 Objectives: Point out the structure and function of the microcirculation. Describe how solutes and fluids are exchanged
More informationGlomerular Capillary Blood Pressure
Glomerular Capillary Blood Pressure Fluid pressure exerted by blood within glomerular capillaries Depends on Contraction of the heart Resistance to blood flow offered by afferent and efferent arterioles
More informationBlood Pressure Regulation. Slides 9-12 Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) = 1/3 systolic pressure + 2/3 diastolic pressure
Sheet physiology(18) Sunday 24-November Blood Pressure Regulation Slides 9-12 Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) = 1/3 systolic pressure + 2/3 diastolic pressure MAP= Diastolic Pressure+1/3 Pulse Pressure CO=MAP/TPR
More informationThe Cardiovascular System: Vessels and Routes. Pulmonary Circulation H E A R T. Systemic Circulation
The Cardiovascular System: Vessels and Routes 1. Overview of Blood Circulation A. Pulmonary Circulation Lung Arterioles Pulmonary Artery Capillaries Pulmonary Circulation Venules Pulmonary Veins H E A
More informationTypes of Blood Vessels
Chapter 21 Peripheral Circulation and Regulation 21-1 Types of Blood Vessels Capillaries: site of exchange with tissue Arteries in dif. Types & sizes Elastic Muscular Arterioles Veins: thinner walls than
More informationVeins. VENOUS RETURN = PRELOAD = End Diastolic Volume= Blood returning to heart per cardiac cycle (EDV) or per minute (Venous Return)
Veins Venous system transports blood back to heart (VENOUS RETURN) Capillaries drain into venules Venules converge to form small veins that exit organs Smaller veins merge to form larger vessels Veins
More informationBlood Pressure Fox Chapter 14 part 2
Vert Phys PCB3743 Blood Pressure Fox Chapter 14 part 2 T. Houpt, Ph.D. 1 Cardiac Output and Blood Pressure How to Measure Blood Pressure Contribution of vascular resistance to blood pressure Cardiovascular
More informationPeripheral Circulation and Regulation
Peripheral Circulation and Regulation Functions of Peripheral Circulation 1. Contain the blood 2. Exchange nutrients, waste products, and gases with tissues 3. Transport 4. Regulate blood pressure, along
More informationBIPN100 F15 Human Physiology (Kristan) Lecture 18: Endocrine control of renal function. p. 1
BIPN100 F15 Human Physiology (Kristan) Lecture 18: Endocrine control of renal function. p. 1 Terms you should understand by the end of this section: diuresis, antidiuresis, osmoreceptors, atrial stretch
More informationPhysiology of Circulation. Dr. Hiwa Shafiq 16/12/2018
Physiology of Circulation Dr. Hiwa Shafiq 16/12/2018 Overview of the circulation The function of the circulation is to: 1. transport nutrients to the body tissues 2. transport waste products away 3. conduct
More informationChapter 15 Fluid and Acid-Base Balance
Chapter 15 Fluid and Acid-Base Balance by Dr. Jay M. Templin Brooks/Cole - Thomson Learning Fluid Balance Water constitutes ~60% of body weight. All cells and tissues are surrounded by an aqueous environment.
More informationThe Cardiovascular System. The Structure of Blood Vessels. The Structure of Blood Vessels. The Blood Vessels. Blood Vessel Review
The Cardiovascular System The Blood Vessels The Structure of Blood Vessels Blood Vessel Review Arteries carry blood away from the heart Pulmonary trunk to lungs Aorta to everything else Microcirculation
More informationChapter 21! Blood Vessels and Circulation! SECTION 21-1! Blood vessels differ in size, structure, and functional properties!
Chapter 21! Blood Vessels and Circulation! SECTION 21-1! Blood vessels differ in size, structure, and functional properties! 2 1! Major Vessel Types! Arteries - carry blood away from the heart Higher pressure
More informationChapter 21! Chapter 21 Blood Vessels and Circulation! Blood Vessels and Circulation!
Chapter 21! Blood Vessels and Circulation! SECTION 21-1! Blood vessels differ in size, structure, and functional properties! 2 Major Vessel Types! Arteries - carry blood away from the heart Higher pressure
More informationChapter 21: Cardiovascular System: Peripheral Circulation and Regulation
Chapter 21: Cardiovascular System: Peripheral Circulation and Regulation I. General Features of Blood Vessel Structure A. General Pattern of Circulation 1. Ventricles pump blood into 2. These arteries
More informationCardiovascular System B L O O D V E S S E L S 3
Cardiovascular System B L O O D V E S S E L S 3 Fluid Shifts Between Capillaries and Tissue Permeable capillaries allow plasma and solutes to pass into interstitial space interstitial or extracellular
More informationChapter 9. Body Fluid Compartments. Body Fluid Compartments. Blood Volume. Blood Volume. Viscosity. Circulatory Adaptations to Exercise Part 4
Body Fluid Compartments Chapter 9 Circulatory Adaptations to Exercise Part 4 Total body fluids (40 L) Intracellular fluid (ICF) 25 L Fluid of each cell (75 trillion) Constituents inside cell vary Extracellular
More informationVascular System Part One
Vascular System Part One Objectives Trace the route taken by blood as it leaves, and then returns to the heart. Describe the structure of the walls of arteries and veins. Discuss the structure and function
More informationBlood Vessels. Chapter 20
Blood Vessels Chapter 20 Summary of the Characteristics of Arteries and Veins Characteristic Artery Vein Wall thickness thick thin Shape in cross section round flattened Thickest tunic media externa Collagen
More information3/10/2009 VESSELS PHYSIOLOGY D.HAMMOUDI.MD. Palpated Pulse. Figure 19.11
VESSELS PHYSIOLOGY D.HAMMOUDI.MD Palpated Pulse Figure 19.11 1 shows the common sites where the pulse is felt. 1. Temporal artery at the temple above and to the outer side of the eye 2. External maxillary
More informationBlood Pressure Regulation -1
CVS Physiology Lecture 18 Blood Pressure Regulation -1 Please study the previous sheet before studying this one, even if the first part in this sheet is revision. In the previous lecture we were talking
More informationChapter 25 The Urinary System
Chapter 25 The Urinary System 10/30/2013 MDufilho 1 Kidney Functions Removal of toxins, metabolic wastes, and excess ions from the blood Regulation of blood volume, chemical composition, and ph Gluconeogenesis
More informationCardiovascular System: Vessels and Circulation (Chapter 21)
Cardiovascular System: Vessels and Circulation (Chapter 21) Lecture Materials for Amy Warenda Czura, Ph.D. Suffolk County Community College Eastern Campus Primary Sources for figures and content: Marieb,
More informationBIOLOGY 2060 LECTURE NOTES ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY II (A. IMHOLTZ) VESSELS P1 OF 7
BIOLOGY 2060 LECTURE NOTES ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY II (A. IMHOLTZ) VESSELS P1 OF 7 1. Blood vessels a. Tubes through which the heart pumps blood. b. 3 major types of blood vessels: arteries, capillaries,
More informationAny of these questions could be asked as open question or lab question, thus study them well
Any of these questions could be asked as open question or lab question, thus study them well describe the factors which regulate cardiac output describe the sympathetic and parasympathetic control of heart
More informationPHYSIOLOGY WEEK 9. vascular physiology - ED Primary Exam Teaching
PHYSIOLOGY WEEK 9 vascular physiology - ED Primary Exam Teaching CONCEPTS OF BLOOD FLOW Vascular distensibility - when pressure in the arterioles is increased, this dilates the arterioles and therefore
More informationSix main classes of blood vessels (on handout) Wall structure of arteries and veins (on handout) Comparison: Arteries vs. Veins (on handout)
Cardiovascular System: Vessels and Circulation (Chapter 21) Lecture Materials for Amy Warenda Czura, Ph.D. Suffolk County Community College Eastern Campus Six main classes of blood vessels Primary Sources
More informationDuring exercise the heart rate is 190 bpm and the stroke volume is 115 ml/beat. What is the cardiac output?
The Cardiovascular System Part III: Heart Outline of class lecture After studying part I of this chapter you should be able to: 1. Be able to calculate cardiac output (CO) be able to define heart rate
More informationBIPN100 F15 Human Physiology (Kristan) Problem Set #8 Solutions p. 1
BIPN100 F15 Human Physiology (Kristan) Problem Set #8 Solutions p. 1 1. a. Proximal tubule. b. Proximal tubule. c. Glomerular endothelial fenestrae, filtration slits between podocytes of Bowman's capsule.
More informationOutline Urinary System. Urinary System and Excretion. Urine. Urinary System. I. Function II. Organs of the urinary system
Outline Urinary System Urinary System and Excretion Bio105 Chapter 16 Renal will be on the Final only. I. Function II. Organs of the urinary system A. Kidneys 1. Function 2. Structure III. Disorders of
More informationQuestions? Homework due in lab 6. PreLab #6 HW 15 & 16 (follow directions, 6 points!)
Questions? Homework due in lab 6 PreLab #6 HW 15 & 16 (follow directions, 6 points!) Part 3 Variations in Urine Formation Composition varies Fluid volume Solute concentration Variations in Urine Formation
More informationCirculation. Blood Pressure and Antihypertensive Medications. Venous Return. Arterial flow. Regulation of Cardiac Output.
Circulation Blood Pressure and Antihypertensive Medications Two systems Pulmonary (low pressure) Systemic (high pressure) Aorta 120 mmhg Large arteries 110 mmhg Arterioles 40 mmhg Arteriolar capillaries
More informationMechanism: 1- waterretention from the last part of the nephron which increases blood volume, venous return EDV, stroke volume and cardiac output.
Blood pressure regulators: 1- Short term regulation:nervous system Occurs Within secondsof the change in BP (they are short term because after a while (2-3 days) they adapt/reset the new blood pressure
More informationCardiac Output 1 Fox Chapter 14 part 1
Vert Phys PCB3743 Cardiac Output 1 Fox Chapter 14 part 1 T. Houpt, Ph.D. Regulation of Heart & Blood Pressure Keep Blood Pressure constant if too low, not enough blood (oxygen, glucose) reaches tissues
More informationContents. Page 1. Homework 11 Chapter Blood Vessels Due: Week 6 Lec 11
Page 1 Homework 11 Chapter 18-19 Blood Vessels Due: Week 6 Lec 11 Contents When printing, make sure that you specify the page range that you want to print out! Learning objectives for Lecture 11:...pg
More informationFluids and electrolytes
Body Water Content Fluids and electrolytes Infants have low body fat, low bone mass, and are 73% or more water Total water content declines throughout life Healthy males are about 60% water; healthy females
More informationCardiovascular System. Heart
Cardiovascular System Heart Electrocardiogram A device that records the electrical activity of the heart. Measuring the relative electrical activity of one heart cycle. A complete contraction and relaxation.
More informationRenal Physiology Part II. Bio 219 Napa Valley College Dr. Adam Ross
Renal Physiology Part II Bio 219 Napa Valley College Dr. Adam Ross Fluid and Electrolyte balance As we know from our previous studies: Water and ions need to be balanced in order to maintain proper homeostatic
More informationBlood Pressure Regulation 2. Faisal I. Mohammed, MD,PhD
Blood Pressure Regulation 2 Faisal I. Mohammed, MD,PhD 1 Objectives Outline the intermediate term and long term regulators of ABP. Describe the role of Epinephrine, Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone
More informationBlood Pressure Regulation 2. Faisal I. Mohammed, MD,PhD
Blood Pressure Regulation 2 Faisal I. Mohammed, MD,PhD 1 Objectives Outline the intermediate term and long term regulators of ABP. Describe the role of Epinephrine, Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone
More informationREGULATION OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
REGULATION OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Jonas Addae Medical Sciences, UWI REGULATION OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Intrinsic Coupling of cardiac and vascular functions - Autoregulation of vessel diameter Extrinsic
More informationBlood Vessels. Over view. We have about 60,000 miles of blood vessels!
Blood Vessels Over view 3 types of blood vessels arteries - carry blood away from heart "branch", "diverge", and "fork" veins - carry blood toward heart "join", "merge", and "converge" capillaries - site
More informationPresenter: Tom Mulvey
Slides are from Level 3 Biology Course Content Day, 7 th November 2012 Presenter: Tom Mulvey Teachers are free to use these for teaching purposes with appropriate acknowledgement Blood Pressure Ways of
More informationCardiovascular system
Cardiovascular system L-4 Blood pressure & special circulation Dr Than Kyaw 27 February 2012 Blood Pressure (BP) Pressure generation and flow Blood is under pressure within its closed system. Pressure
More informationArteries AWAY. Branch. Typically oxygenated.
Arteries AWAY Branch Typically oxygenated. Capillaries Smallest. Most abundant. 10 billion. Huge surface area. Exchange Veins TOWARDS Converge. Typically deoxygenated. 3 Layers of the Vascular Wall Tunica
More informationSpecial Lecture 11/08/2013. Hypertension Dr. HN Mayrovitz
Special Lecture 11/08/2013 Hypertension Dr. HN Mayrovitz Arterial Blood Pressure (ABP) Major Factors Summarized Sympathetic Hormones Arteriole MAP ~ Q x TPR + f (V / C) SV x HR Renal SBP Hypertension =
More informationHormonal Control of Osmoregulatory Functions *
OpenStax-CNX module: m44828 1 Hormonal Control of Osmoregulatory Functions * OpenStax This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 By the end of
More informationFluid and Electrolytes P A R T 2
Fluid and Electrolytes P A R T 2 Fluid Shifts Extracellular fluid distribution is dynamic Interstitial fluid formation is continuous Venous system Large veins (capacitance vessels) Small veins (capacitance
More informationTherefore MAP=CO x TPR = HR x SV x TPR
Regulation of MAP Flow = pressure gradient resistance CO = MAP TPR Therefore MAP=CO x TPR = HR x SV x TPR TPR is the total peripheral resistance: this is the combined resistance of all blood vessels (remember
More informationBlood Flow, Blood Pressure, Cardiac Output. Blood Vessels
Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, Cardiac Output Blood Vessels Blood Vessels Made of smooth muscle, elastic and fibrous connective tissue Cells are not electrically coupled Blood Vessels Arteries arterioles
More information1. Urinary System, General
S T U D Y G U I D E 16 1. Urinary System, General a. Label the figure by placing the numbers of the structures in the spaces by the correct labels. 7 Aorta 6 Kidney 8 Ureter 2 Inferior vena cava 4 Renal
More informationPhysiology of Circulation
Physiology of Circulation Rodolfo T. Rafael,M.D. 12/8/2005 1 PHYSIOLOGY OF CIRCULATION BLOOD FLOW THROUGH THE CAPILLARIES LYMPHATIC SYSTEM BLOOD PRESSURE 12/8/2005 2 1 Fig.21.08 12/8/2005 3 The Blood Pressure
More informationPhysiology lecture 15 Hemodynamic
Physiology lecture 15 Hemodynamic Dispensability (D) : proportional change in volume per unit change in pressure D = V/ P*V It is proportional (divided by the original volume). Compliance (C) : total change
More informationCapillary vessel. A) permeability which can vary between tissues, within tissues at different times and along the capillary
I. Capillary bed structure Single layer of endothelium supports diffusion MedSoc Teaching CRH Session 2 Capillary circualtion Chanel Tobinska Arteriole Capillary vessel Venules BLOOD Blood flow velocity
More informationd) Cardiovascular System Higher Human Biology
d) Cardiovascular System Higher Human Biology What can your remember about the heart and blood vessels? What is the Cardiovascular System? The cardiovascular system, also known as the circulatory system,
More informationPhysiology Chapter 14 Key Blood Flow and Blood Pressure, Plus Fun Review Study Guide
Physiology Chapter 14 Key Blood Flow and Blood Pressure, Plus Fun Review Study Guide 1 Main Idea: The function of the circulatory system is to maintain adequate blood flow to all tissues. Clinical Application
More informationMAJOR FUNCTIONS OF THE KIDNEY
MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF THE KIDNEY REGULATION OF BODY FLUID VOLUME REGULATION OF OSMOTIC BALANCE REGULATION OF ELECTROLYTE COMPOSITION REGULATION OF ACID-BASE BALANCE REGULATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE ERYTHROPOIESIS
More informationGlomerular Filtration Graphics are used with permission of: Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings (http://www.aw-bc.
Glomerular Filtration Graphics are used with permission of: Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings (http://www.aw-bc.com) Page 1. Introduction Formation of urine by the kidney involves
More informationSunday, July 17, 2011 URINARY SYSTEM
URINARY SYSTEM URINARY SYSTEM Let s take a look at the anatomy first! KIDNEYS: are complex reprocessing centers where blood is filtered through and waste products are removed. Wastes and extra water become
More informationorgans of the urinary system
organs of the urinary system Kidneys (2) bean-shaped, fist-sized organ where urine is formed. Lie on either sides of the vertebral column, in a depression beneath peritoneum and protected by lower ribs
More informationUrinary Physiology. Chapter 17 Outline. Kidney Function. Chapter 17
Urinary Physiology Chapter 17 Chapter 17 Outline Structure and Function of the Kidney Glomerular Filtration Reabsorption of Salt and Water Renal Plasma Clearance Renal Control of Electrolyte and Acid-Base
More informationVertebrates possess kidneys: internal organs which are vital to ion and water balance and excretion.
The Kidney Vertebrates possess kidneys: internal organs which are vital to ion and water balance and excretion. The kidney has 6 roles in the maintenance of homeostasis. 6 Main Functions 1. Ion Balance
More informationMicrocirculation. Lecture Block 11 (contributions from Brett Burton)
Lecture Block 11 (contributions from Brett Burton) Elements of Arterioles, capillaries, venules Structure and function: transport Fluid balance Lymph system Vessels of the Circulatory System Diameter Aorta
More information1. a)label the parts indicated above and give one function for structures Y and Z
Excretory System 1 1. Excretory System a)label the parts indicated above and give one function for structures Y and Z W- renal cortex - X- renal medulla Y- renal pelvis collecting center of urine and then
More informationChapter 19 The Urinary System Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
Chapter 19 The Urinary System Fluid and Electrolyte Balance Chapter Outline The Concept of Balance Water Balance Sodium Balance Potassium Balance Calcium Balance Interactions between Fluid and Electrolyte
More informationCASE 13. What neural and humoral pathways regulate arterial pressure? What are two effects of angiotensin II?
CASE 13 A 57-year-old man with long-standing diabetes mellitus and newly diagnosed hypertension presents to his primary care physician for follow-up. The patient has been trying to alter his dietary habits
More informationRenal Regulation of Sodium and Volume. Dr. Dave Johnson Associate Professor Dept. Physiology UNECOM
Renal Regulation of Sodium and Volume Dr. Dave Johnson Associate Professor Dept. Physiology UNECOM Maintaining Volume Plasma water and sodium (Na + ) are regulated independently - you are already familiar
More informationCardiovascular system
BIO 301 Human Physiology Cardiovascular system The Cardiovascular System: consists of the heart plus all the blood vessels transports blood to all parts of the body in two 'circulations': pulmonary (lungs)
More information1.&Glomerular/Pressure&Filtration&
Urine&Formation& Overall&Process&! Urine gets rid of wastes (NH 3, urea, uric acid, creatinine) and other substances (vitamins, penicillin, histamines) found in excess in the blood!! blood is filtered
More informationCitation Jarvis S (2018) Vascular system 1: anatomy and physiology. Nursing Times [online]; 114: 4,
Vascular system Keywords Arteries/Veins// Blood flow/fluid movement This article has been double-blind peer reviewed In this article... Anatomy of the vascular system and structure of blood vessels The
More informationCopyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 19-1c. Efferent arteriole. Juxtaglomerular apparatus
/6/0 About this Chapter Functions of the Kidneys Anatomy of the urinary system Overview of kidney function Secretion Micturition Regulation of extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure Regulation of
More informationBody fluid volume is small (~5L (blood + serum)) Composition can change rapidly e.g. due to increase in metabolic rate
Renal physiology The kidneys Allow us to live on dry land. Body fluid volume is small (~5L (blood + serum)) Composition can change rapidly e.g. due to increase in metabolic rate Kidneys maintain composition
More informationNROSCI/BIOSC 1070 and MSNBIO 2070 Exam # 2 October 25, 2013 Total POINTS: % of grade in class
NROSCI/BIOSC 1070 and MSNBIO 2070 Exam # 2 October 25, 2013 Total POINTS: 100 20% of grade in class 1) During exercise, plasma levels of Renin increase moderately. Why should Renin levels be elevated during
More information10. Thick deposits of lipids on the walls of blood vessels, called, can lead to serious circulatory issues. A. aneurysm B. atherosclerosis C.
Heart Student: 1. carry blood away from the heart. A. Arteries B. Veins C. Capillaries 2. What is the leading cause of heart attack and stroke in North America? A. alcohol B. smoking C. arteriosclerosis
More informationChapter 21. Blood Vessels and Circulation
Chapter 21 Blood Vessels and Circulation INTRODUCTION A. One main focus of this chapter considers hemodynamics, the means by which blood flow is altered and distributed and by which blood pressure is regulated.
More informationRENAL PHYSIOLOGY. Physiology Unit 4
RENAL PHYSIOLOGY Physiology Unit 4 Renal Functions Primary Function is to regulate the chemistry of plasma through urine formation Additional Functions Regulate concentration of waste products Regulate
More informationCHAPTER 21 LECTURE OUTLINE
CHAPTER 21 LECTURE OUTLINE I. INTRODUCTION A. One main focus of this chapter considers hemodynamics, the means by which blood flow is altered and distributed and by which blood pressure is regulated. B.
More informationNephron Structure inside Kidney:
In-Depth on Kidney Nephron Structure inside Kidney: - Each nephron has two capillary regions in close proximity to the nephron tubule, the first capillary bed for fluid exchange is called the glomerulus,
More informationUrine Formation. Urinary Physiology Urinary Section pages Urine Formation. Glomerular Filtration 4/24/2016
Urine Formation Urinary Physiology Urinary Section pages 9-17 Filtrate Blood plasma minus most proteins Urine
More informationdescribe the location of the kidneys relative to the vertebral column:
Basic A & P II Dr. L. Bacha Chapter Outline (Martini & Nath 2010) list the three major functions of the urinary system: by examining Fig. 24-1, list the organs of the urinary system: describe the location
More informationNephron Anatomy Nephron Anatomy
Kidney Functions: (Eckert 14-17) Mammalian Kidney -Paired -1% body mass -20% blood flow (Eckert 14-17) -Osmoregulation -Blood volume regulation -Maintain proper ion concentrations -Dispose of metabolic
More informationBlood pressure. Formation of the blood pressure: Blood pressure. Formation of the blood pressure 5/1/12
Blood pressure Blood pressure Dr Badri Paudel www.badripaudel.com Ø Blood pressure means the force exerted by the blood against the vessel wall Ø ( or the force exerted by the blood against any unit area
More informationUrinary System Organization. Urinary System Organization. The Kidneys. The Components of the Urinary System
Urinary System Organization The Golden Rule: The Job of The Urinary System is to Maintain the Composition and Volume of ECF remember this & all else will fall in place! Functions of the Urinary System
More information