WOMEN AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE What Every Woman Should Know About Heart Disease Presented by Esther Ogbue, RN MScN COHN(C) Ngozi Wellness Health,

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1 Welcome

2 WOMEN AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE What Every Woman Should Know About Heart Disease Presented by Esther Ogbue, RN MScN COHN(C) Ngozi Wellness Health, Safety & Wellness Consulting

3 The Heart Truth : A National Campaign Helping women, especially women ages 40 to 60, understand their risk of heart disease and take action to protect their heart health Sponsored by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Supported by national community, government, nonprofit, media, and corporate partners committed to women s health

4 The Red Dress The national symbol for women and heart disease awareness.

5 WOMEN AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE Objectives: Understand your risk and how to protect yourself Know how to take control of your health Know how to recognize the signs of heart attack in women

6 Today s Session Will Cover Why women need to know about heart disease What heart disease is Risk factors Talking to your doctor Taking action to protect your heart health Heart attack warning signs and survival Getting on the road to heart health Resources

7 Canadian Women and Heart Disease Heart disease is the leading cause of premature death for women in Canada (dying before reaching their expected lifespan). Five times as many women die from heart disease as breast cancer. Women who have a heart attack are more likely to die or suffer a second heart attack compared to men. Heart disease and stroke kill 31,000 women in Canada annually, but most women are unaware of the threat. Women s hearts are different from men s in ways that are just beginning to be understood. (Dr. Cindy Yip, director of heart health at Heart & Stroke). (Canadian Heart & Stroke Foundation)

8 Canadian Women and Heart Disease If you re like most women, you know that heart disease is serious. But you may not think it matters to you. Most Canadian women have at least one risk factor for heart disease and stroke. Women who have diabetes, come from certain ethnic backgrounds or are menopausal are even more at risk. Women of Afro-Caribbean, South Asian, and Chinese descent have higher rates of heart disease. They also have more high blood pressure and diabetes, but lower levels of physical activity. (Canadian Heart & Stroke Foundation)

9 Canadian Women and Heart Disease Coronary heart disease is responsible for a 53% higher death rate in Indigenous women compared to non-indigenous women. The issues many Indigenous communities face regarding access to health care, education, and affordable food and water influence heart health. Women are under-aware and under-researched when it comes to heart disease. Within the healthcare system they are underdiagnosed and under-treated, and under-supported in their recovery. (Dr. Cindy Yip) It is important for every woman to know about their risk factors and recognize the signs for heart disease and stroke so that you can prevent and manage them. (Canadian Heart & Stroke Foundation)

10 The Heart Truth Heart disease is the #1 killer of American women Heart disease kills more women than all forms of cancer combined Heart disease can permanently damage your heart and your life If heart disease is not treated, serious complications can develop

11 The Heart Truth Most women do not know that heart disease is their own greatest health risk It is important for every woman to know about her risk factors and recognize the signs for heart disease and stroke so that she can prevent and manage them. Heart disease is largely preventable Women can take action to protect their hearts Heart disease is a now problem Later may be too late

12 What Is Heart Disease? There are many forms of heart disease Coronary artery disease, or coronary heart disease, is most common Heart disease develops over years and progresses when the heart doesn t get enough nutrient-rich blood

13 Atherosclerosis A disease in which plaque builds up inside your arteries, limiting the flow of oxygen-rich blood to your organs

14 Heart Attack Occurs when blood flow to a section of heart muscle becomes blocked, most often, the result of coronary artery disease

15 No Quick Fix Procedures like bypass surgery can reopen a blocked artery But procedures do not fix a damaged heart The condition worsens if not treated leads to disability or death It s critical to realize that there s no quick fix for heart disease

16 Good News Heart disease can be prevented or controlled Prevention includes lifestyle changes and sometimes medication, if prescribed by a doctor

17 Why Me? Why Now? Young women need to take steps to protect their heart health since heart disease develops gradually and can start at a young age. Risk rises in women ages 40 to 60 - Estrogen levels drop during menopause - Many women develop one or more risk factors for heart disease during these years Older women also need to take action against their risks it is never too late for women to protect their heart health

18 Risk Factors You Can Control Smoking High blood pressure High blood cholesterol and high triglycerides Overweight/obesity Physical inactivity Diabetes and prediabetes Metabolic syndrome

19 Risk Factors You Cannot Control Family history of early heart disease Age (55 and older for women) History of preeclampsia during pregnancy

20 Other Risk Factors Sleep apnea Stress or depression Too much alcohol Birth control pills (particularly for women who are over age 35 and smoke) Anemia Unhealthy diet

21 Heart Disease Risk Factors The Multiplier Effect - 1 risk factor doubles your risk - 2 risk factors quadruple your risk - 3 or more risk factors can increase your risk more than tenfold By doing just 4 things eating right, being physically active, not smoking, and keeping a healthy weight you can lower your risk of heart disease by as much as 82 percent

22 Have a Heart-to-Heart Women should talk to their health care provider about their risk for heart disease Prepare a list of questions before a visit Write down what the health care provider says Tell the health care provider about lifestyle behaviors, such as smoking or being physically inactive

23 Key Tests for Heart Disease Risk Blood pressure Blood cholesterol (total: HDL, LDL, triglycerides) Fasting plasma glucose (diabetes test) Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference Electrocardiogram Stress test

24 Why Women Don t Take Action Against Heart Disease They think it s just a man s disease They don t make their health a top priority They think they re not old enough to be at risk They feel too busy to make changes in their lives They re already feeling stressed They re tired

25 An Urgent Wake-up Call You are a top priority Take care of yourself so that you can be there for your loved ones Healthy lifestyle changes don t take up much time Incorporate lifestyle changes into the life you ve already built for yourself and your family

26 You Can Lower Heart Disease Risk Begin today make changes one step at a time Don t smoke if you are a smoker, ask your health care provider for help in quitting Be physically active 2 hours and 30 minutes of moderateintensity aerobic activity each week Add strength training 2 to 3 times a week

27 You Can Lower Heart Disease Risk If you are struggling with your weight, you are not alone. Over 60% of Canadian adults are either overweight or obese. Being overweight can lead to high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes and sleep apnea. Obesity can double your chance of heart disease. (Canadian Heart & Stroke Foundation)

28 You Can Lower Heart Disease Risk Follow a healthy eating plan - Low in saturated fat, trans fat, and cholesterol and moderate in total fat - Limit salt and sodium - Limit alcoholic beverages to no more than one a day - Choose a variety of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables daily - Choose fish, poultry, and lean cuts of meat - Use nonfat or low-fat milk, cheeses, and yogurt Maintain a healthy weight

29 You Can Lower Heart Disease Risk Manage diabetes, high blood pressure, and high blood cholesterol through living a healthy lifestyle Take medication, if prescribed

30 Surviving a Heart Attack If you have any heart attack symptoms or think you might be having a heart attack, call immediately for emergency medical care

31 Heart Attack Symptoms Chest pain, discomfort, pressure, or squeezing Upper-body pain or discomfort in one or both arms, the back, shoulders, neck, jaw, or upper part of the stomach Shortness of breath Breaking out in a cold sweat Unusual or unexplained fatigue (tiredness), particularly in women (which may be present for days) Nausea/vomiting Light-headedness or sudden dizziness

32 To Survive a Heart Attack Minutes Matter! Learn the warning signs Call immediately fast action saves lives Emergency medical personnel will begin treatment at once Don t drive yourself to the hospital Uncertainty is normal don t be embarrassed by a false alarm Plan ahead by making a heart attack plan with your health care provider

33 Prevention Begins with You Take one step at a time Replace unhealthy habits with healthier ones Eat for a healthy heart Start walking try 10 minutes and add time gradually to reach 2 hours and 30 minutes each week

34 How to Keep Going View changes as a new lifestyle, not quick fixes Set realistic goals Buddy up Don t worry about slipping up get back on track Reward your successes Be your own advocate ask questions and seek information

35 Summary Understand your risk and how to protect yourself Know how to take control of your health Know how to recognize the signs of heart attack in women Talk with your physician Make a list of questions

36 Questions? Questions? Thoughts? Comments?

37 Quiz What are the 2 most important things you learned about decreasing women s risk of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)? What 2 things did you learn about the Women and CVD in Canada, the US or worldwide that you were unaware of prior to receiving the presentation? What are some of the signs and symptoms of CVD in Women? How do symptoms of heart attack in women differ from men? Identify 3 differences. What types of lifestyle behaviors do you think you will make to reduce your risk or slow the progression of CVD if you already have been diagnosed with the disease?

38 The Heart Truth It s up to you to protect your heart health start today! Thank you for your participation.

39 Resources for a Healthy Heart National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Office on Women s Health, HHS National Women s Health Information Center WomenHeart: The National Coalition for Women with Heart Disease

40 Resources for a Healthy Heart Feb 1, 2018 The heart and Stroke Foundation. What every woman should know about heart disease. Retrieved Oct. 20, Heart & Stroke 2018 Heart Report. Retrieved Oct. 24, E855268C051EB

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