Ginger and Tumeric Diseases: Diagnosis & Management
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1 Ginger and Tumeric Diseases: Diagnosis & Management Zelalem Mersha Assistant Professor in Plant Pathology Phone: (804) ;
2 Ginger (Z. officinale) Zingebaraceae Tumeric (Curcuma longa) Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen
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5 Source:
6 The invisible Foes
7 Diagnosis is the science & art of identifying plant problems Case history information, Signs & symptoms, Microscopy, Serological, Molecular detection techniques The Plant Doctor is IN!
8 Diagnosis: Putting the pieces of the puzzle together! Know the host plant and the plant part that is affected Look for patterns (temporal & spatial) Check for symptoms & signs Field diagnosis: dissect, microscopically or using kits, if available Ask questions a lot of them! When, Where, What happened? Seek for help n/plant-disease-clinic.html
9 Plant Diagnostic Skills Scot Nelson UH
10 Major Diseases Oomycetes: water molds Soft Rot (Pythium spp.) Bacteria Bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) Biovar III & IV Fungi Yellows (Fusarium spp.) Leaf spots Phyllosticta zingiberis Helminthosporium maydis Septoria zingiberis Dry rot (Rhizoctonia solani, R. bataticola) Nematodes Root knot (Meloidogyne spp.) Pratylenchus coffeae Specialty Crops Pathology
11 Foliar and Rhizome (Soilborne) Diseases Specialty Crops Pathology
12 Phyllosticta leaf spot on ginger (P. zingiberi)
13 Leaf spot on ginger (Phyllosticta zingiberi) Sept 21, 2018 Disease scouting Foci
14 Phyllosticta Leaf spot (P. zingiberi) Fungicides: Prochloraz, Tebucunazole, Chlorothalonil, Mancozeb, Captan and Chlorothalonil + Copper best control and increased yield in Brazil (De Nazareno, 1995). De Nazareno, N.R.X., Control of yellow leaf spot (Phyllosticta sp.) of ginger with commercial fungicides. Horticultura-Brasileira 13, Seed rhizome selection and treatment with Carbendazim + Mancozeb or carbendazim (0.25%) before planting New foliage of ginger was found highly susceptible than matured leaves. Note: Trade names used in this presentation are used solely for the purpose of providing specific information. Such use herein is not a guarantee or warranty of the products named and does not signify that they are approved to the exclusion of others. Do not use any of the products unless registered for the given crop in the state.
15 Nematode (Root Knot) Specialty Crops Pathology
16 Root Knot Nematode Management Prevention, Prevention, Prevention Planting nematode-resistant lines: particularly for M. incognita Planting or intercropping plants such as marigold (Wang et al. 2007) Source: Hot water: disinfestation of turmeric rhizomes by hot water of 45 C (113 F) for 3 hr. in China (Chen et al. 1986) Soil solarization Sawdust mulching combined with post-plant nematicide: Nemacur, Oxamyl. Biological control: using beneficial fungi, rhizobacteria etc. (Eapen et al. 2008) Use of nematicide: e.g. carbofuran at 3kg a.i./ha, neem cake (1 t/ha) followed by carbofuran (1kg a.i./ha) (Mohanty et al. 1995). Integrated Nematode Management
17 Rhizome- & Soil-borne Diseases: Fusarium yellow wilt Specialty Crops Pathology
18 When & Where does Fusarium thrive at best? Colony growth of Fusarium sp. isolated from Ginger and incubated at 20 or 25 C for five days Colony growth of Fusarium sp. in Cm C (77 F) 20 C (68 F) Incubation Temperature Specialty Crops Pathology
19 Yellows, Wilts and Dry and Wet Rots PREVENTION PREVENTION PREVENTION Seed rhizome selection and treatment: Select healthy/disease free rhizomes for planting Treat the seed rhizomes e.g. for soft rot with Mancozeb (0.3%) or carbendazim (0.3%), also for Fusarium yellow and Pythium soft rot Rhizome hot water treatment 51 C (124 F) for 10 minutes Proper drainage in a sandy loam soil: avoid any form of water accumulation. Mounding practice improves drainage. Soil solarization: by covering moist soil with transparent polythene film Soil drenching: with recommended fungicides Biological control: using beneficial fungi (Trichoderma spp.) and bacterial isolates (Bacillus & Pseudomonas flourescens) Integrated Rot Disease Management Specialty Crops Pathology
20 Connect the dots Diagnose, ID and be vigilant (time & space) Disconnect the dots Manage, Make Your Farm Profitable & Sustainable
21 No single recipe! Get your Toolbox & Pick What Works Best for You!
22 Rai B. et al Morphological and cultural characterization of Phyllosticta zingiberi (Ramkr.) causing leaf spot disease of ginger. J. App. & Nat. Sci. 9: Useful Resources Prabhakaran Nair P. K The Diseases of Ginger. In: The Agronomy and Economy of Tumeric and Ginger: The Invaluable Medicinal Spice Crops. Page Elsevier Inc. Trujillo E. E Diseases of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) in Hawaii. Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Hawaii. Available at Drake G. N Diseases of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) and their management. J. of Spices & Aromatic Crops 4: Nageshwar Rao G. T Diseases of tumeric (Curcuma longa L.) and their management. J. of Spices & Aromatic Crops 4: Singh A. K Reaction of ginger germplasm to Phyllosticta zingiberi. Indian Phytopathology 53: Available at: Gorule M. J. and Kamble S. S Sensitivity of Phyllosticta zingiberi against carbendazim in causing leaf spot of ginger. Int. J. Adv. Res. 4: Sood R Studies on leaf spot of ginger caused by Phyllosticta zingiberi Ramakr. Ph.D. Dissertation. Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, India. Plant Village. Ginger. Available at Vikaspedia. Tumeric: Diseases and Symptoms. Available at Satyagopal K. et. al Agro-Ecosystem Analysis (AESA) based IPM package for ginger. pp 43.
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