ISSN: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON IMPLICATION OF PATHYA KALPANA AND PATHY-APATHYA (DO S AND DON TS) IN STREE ROGAS (GYNECOLOGICAL DISORDERS)

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1 International Journal of Applied Ayurved Research ISSN: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON IMPLICATION OF PATHYA KALPANA AND PATHY-APATHYA (DO S AND DON TS) IN STREE ROGAS (GYNECOLOGICAL DISORDERS) Dash Shibani* 1 Kadam Sujata 2 * 1 M.S. scholar, Department of Stri Roga and Prasuti Tantra, All India Institute of Ayurveda,New Delhi. 2H.O.D. and Professor, Department of Stri Roga and Prasuti Tantra, All India Institute Of Ayurveda,New Delhi. ABSTRACT Ayurveda, being the life science, has laid enormous importance upon pathya-apthya. Pathyas are defined as the diet which are beneficial for both body and mind and those which are not beneficial is termed as apathya. Life of a woman passes through various physiological imbalances from womb to tomb. The woman needs to follow a healthy diet and regimen so as to prevent any anomalies in her life or to maintain good health ensuring a strong progeny. Slightly impairment to the diet and life style pattern may result an unconducive milieu for her manifesting various stree rogas (gyanaecological disorders). Consideration for specific diet pattern and healthy life style is quite evident in ayurveda at various contexts of stree rogas aiming at nullifying the aggravated doshas as well as the curative aspects of rogas (ailments). Hence, in this article, an attempt has been made in order to compile and concise the implications and importance of pathya-apathya producing a prescribed diet and habit at various diseased conditions specific to stree rogas. Key words: Ayurveda, Apathya,Pathya, stree roga INTRODUCTION: Ayurveda has a holistic and scientific approach based upon ahara, vihara more than ousadhi as it is a preventive science. It emphasizes on a routine dietary and lifestyle regimen both in the healthy and unhealthy conditions. Ahara is the main pillar of a body so called as mahabhaisajya. 1 The aharas and viharas which are beneficial, nutritious and gives happiness to the mind is known as Pathya and the opposite are called as Apathya. Unhealthy diets and regimen is the root cause of many ailments. According to the principles of Ayurveda, derangement of the digestive power (Agni) 2 creates any diseases which is the prime reason for the formation of vitiated dosha, Ama (toxic substances) and malformation of Dhatus (body tissues. Thus it is critical to reestablish harmony of the digestive power. This goal can be achieved by utilizing a legitimately oversaw diet regimen as indicated by state of doshas and kind of the sickness. MATERIALS AND METHOD: All the ayurvedic classics and modern text along with journals, electronic databases, pubmed, Cochrane has been thoroughly searched. RESULTS: There is description of some pathya kalpanas in various contexts of stree rogas which is based upon dosa dusya samurchhana. DISCUSSION Concept of Pathya: The word Pathya derives its origin from root word Patha which literally means a way or channel. In

2 Shabdakalpadrumam, 3 it is said that pathya is beneficial for patients while apathya harms them. The food characteristics and properties will change according to season, place and person hence pathya also changes accordingly. Pathya not only advocates intake of wholesome food but also it directs to follow a certain regimen to fasten the process of recovery from the diseased state. In Charaka Samhita 4 while explaining about Chikitsa, Charaka has used pathya as a synonym for the chikitsa. The Pathya is the one which keeps the person healthy, maintains normal body functions leads to proper functioning of the organs, nourishes the mind and intellect, counteracts sicknesses and in the meantime amends the anomalies that may happen in the body. Ayurveda specified 8 major factors of food convention that include compatibility of dietary articles 5 1. Prakrti Qualitative Characteristics of the Food 2. Karana Processing of Food 3. Samyoga Mixing/ combination 4. Rashi The Quantity 5. Desha Habitat of the person 6. Kala Time & Seasonal Variation 7. Upayogasanstha - Variable Digestibility of various food articles 8. Upayokta The person who takes the Food Concept of apathy: The diet and regimen which are harmful to the body are known as apathya. Intake of unhealthy diet creates diseases and its continuity impacts on the prognosis of it. Ahita ahara viharas are described as the primary cause of rogas. Apathya for a patient can be decided on the basis of his prakriti, dosa, roga, desa, satmya and satva. After considering all the factors for a patient, apathyas has been chosen accordingly. Different forms of Pathya: Acharya Sharangdhara 6 explains about some pathya kalpana like manda, peya, vilepi, yavagu etc. These kalpanas are generally used in different diseases according to state of disease and capacity to digest the food in that disease. It also helps to maintain proper Agni (digestive fire) so as to digest food properly and give needed nutrition to tissues of body. It will also help to avoid formation of Ama which is often triggered when Agni (digestive fire) becomes low. Pathya Kalpana 1. Manda 7 Method for preparation: The rice is boiling with fourteen parts of water and the solid part has been taken out. Uses: Carminative, Digestive 2. Peya 8 Method for preparation: One part of rice is boiled with fourteen parts of water. Uses: Stops loose watery consistency, quickly digestible, nourishes the tissues. 3. Vilepi 9 Method of preparation: One part of rice is cooked with four parts of water. Use: Strengthening, nourishing, good for heart, Delicious, Diuretic 4. Yavagu 10 Method of preparation: One part of rice is cooked with six parts of water. Use: Strengthening, Nourishing Importance of Pathyapathya: In Yogaratnakara 11 it is said that for the treatment of diseases etiology, drug treatment and Pathya are three important factors IJAAR VOLUME III ISSUE II MAY-JUNE 2017

3 which should be studied thoroughly before starting the treatment. Judicious planning of treatment by proper understanding of these three factors always yields a successful eradication of disease. Yogaratnakara uses the metaphor of Ankura (seedling) for progressive form of disease. This Ankura will dry and be destroyed if it is not nourished by water; similarly disease will be destroyed if a patient does not consume Apathya ahara. In all diseases, apathya should be avoided because it is the predisposing factor for various diseases and helps in fast progression of pathophysiology. As climbers and plants grow in rainy season similarly diseases will increase due to apathyas. Apathya aharas and viharas quicken the kriyakala of a disease. Only pathya can cure diseases but one who does not follow pathya cannot be cured by the use of hundreds of drugs. Bhela Samhita 12 also explains about merits of pathya and demerits of apathya in the Sutrasthana. Pathya ahara nourishes all dhatus and srotasa leading to complete nutrition of body. Pathya ahara also helps to detoxify the body by getting rid of vitiated dosha. Contrary to this, apathya ahara helps in vitiation of Vata etc. doshas. Hence for maintenance of health and treating diseases pathya ahara should be consumed. Acharya lolimbaraj 13 has also explained that medicines are not required if the patient is in pathya and vice versa. So pathya and apathya plays a pivotal role for manifestation, progression and prognosis of diseases. Practical application of Pathya with respect to concept of Kritanna varga: All these benefits of pathya ahara can be ripped off with the help of Kritanna varga described in various ancient texts. Properties of these Kritanna differ from each other depending upon the method of preparation even if material used is the same. In case of manda, peya, yavagu and vilepi, the amount of water used for cooking and then amount of liquid and solid content is different for each of them. This determines qualities like heaviness or lightness of food for digestion etc. If all the Kritanna varga is used judiciously along with the pathya ahara then it will help to treat and nourish patient effectively. Pathya-for irrespective of disease condition: These pathya ahara are described specific to a particular disease condition as well as there are some pathya mentioned which can be followed regularly for healthy individuals irrespective of disease condition. According to Bhavaprakasha 14 taking ginger and salt before food is always good and it enhances agni, taste, clears tongue and throat. Charaka and Vagbhata also describe some regularly consumable food articles. Rakta shali, Mudga, Rain water, Saindhava (rock salt), Jivanti, meat of aina, godha, rohita matsya, cow s ghee, cow s milk, Tila taila, ginger, grapes, pomegranate and sugar are considered as most conducive among food articles. Pathya-for specific disease conditions: Disease specific pathya (wholesome diet/ foods to be consumed) and apathya (unwholesome diet/ foods to be avoided) are explained in various classical texts like Charaka samhita, Sushruta samhita, Ashtangahridaya etc. but there are detailed descriptions about them in other texts like Sharangdhara samhita, pathyapathya vibodhika, bhaishajyaratnavali and chakradatta etc IJAAR VOLUME III ISSUE II MAY-JUNE 2017

4 Pathya-for specific gynaecological diseases few examples Yonivyapata 15 In case of yonivyapat, all three dosas are involved but mainly vata dosa is primarily doing the malfunctions resulting of it. So vatashamak drugs are given as a pathya in this. Pathya: Sura, arista, sava, lasuna swaras at morning, kshira, mamsarasa, yavanna, abhaya, sidhu, taila 16, 17, 18, 19 Apathya Manda 20 Vataja yonivyapata Pathya: Dashamula siddha kashaya, mudga yusa, lasuna Apathya: Dadhi, potato, vaartaka, vyayam, vegdharan Pittja yonivyapata Pathya: Tikta dravya siddha kashaya and yusa, peya, ghee, dugdha Apathya: amla, vidahi, lasuna, palandu, sura, arista, asava Kaphaja yonivyapata Pathya: Panchakola siddha Kashaya and yusa, sura, arista, asava Apathya: Dugdha, sarkara, dadhi, divaswapna Artavadusti Artava is the updhatu of rasa dhatu, so any dysfunction of rasa dhatu results for aggravation of artava dosas and also artava is mainly consist of agni mahabhuta. So both pathya are chosen as per rasa dhatu and agni mahabhuta. Pathya: Shali, yava, madya, pittala mamsa 21 Apathya: amla, vidahi, dadhi, kanji, fast foods, bread Asrigdara (Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding) The treatment of asrigdar is done as per raktapitta chikistha 22 so both rakta and pitta shamaka drugs and diet can been chosen as pathya. Pathya: Utpaladi gana, jangala mamsarasa, shali, sasthika, kakolyadi gana 23,24 Patola, pomegranate, amalaki, Milk, honey, clarified butter (ghrita) processed with nyagrodhadi gana Apathya: Kanji, dadhi, vidahi, pittavardhak ahara and vihara Kashtartava (Dysmenorrhoea): Kastartava is mainly concerned with vata dosa as vata is responsible for any kind of pain in the body by doing obstruction.so vata anuloman karak drugs and diet can be chosen as pathya. Pathya (Do s): Garlic, milk, meat juice, oil, long pepper, Unction, sudation, therapeutic enema (vasti), draksha, hingu Apathya (Don ts): Manda, vegadharan, excessive vyayam, diets and life style causing aggravation of Vata dosha Shveta pradara (Leucorrhoea): It comes under the pradar roga as it is not separately described in samhitas. As per the sign and symptoms of it, it can be assumed that it can occur due to kapha vridhi, so pathya are given as kaphanashak and dhatuvardhak. Pathya (Do s): Wheat, barley, old rice, cold substance, Patol, bathua, chaulai, spinach, bottle gourd (lauki), papaya, apple, pomegranate, grapes, banana, amalaki, dry dates (chhuara), ginger (ardraka), coriander, Masura, chickpea (chana) Apathya (Don ts): Black gram, Onion, garlic, brinjal, pickle, vinegar, sour curd, sour substance, oil, jaggery spicy food Day sleeping, night awakening, excessive exercise, fasting, eat IJAAR VOLUME III ISSUE II MAY-JUNE 2017

5 ing before digestion of previous food, walking in sunlight, sadness, excessive sexual indulgence. Vandhyatva: Different nidans are responsible for causing vandhyatva Dhatu kshya, vija dosa, jara kal etc are mainly responsible for it. So pathya are chosen as per the nidan. Overally Vjikarak, rasayan, dhatu vardhak, sharir shodhak drus and diet can be chosen. Pathya : Lasuna, dugdha, ghee, mamsa, shatavari, yastimadhu, Apathya: Surana, amlakanji, vidahi, vandhyakarkotaki mula, langali, katutumbi, debadali, bruhati, 25,26,27 Upadansa: It is tridosa prakaopak vyadhi, so tridosh shamak drugs and diet can be chosen. Pathya: yavanna 28 Apathya: dibaswapna, mutravega, gurvanna, maithuna, guda, ayasa, amla, takra 29 Arbuda: Pathya: ghee, shali, yava, mudga, sigru, patol, karela, dadhi 30 Apathya: dugdha, ikshu, anupa mamsa, guru and abhisyand dravyas. Stan roga: Pathya: dugdha, mudga rasa, yava, laja, karela, patol, haridra, neem, madhu, lasun, kulathha, dadhi. Apathya: excessive vyayam, junk foods, bread, maida, abhisyand dravyas. PCOS (Polycystic ovarian syndrome) Pathya: yava, laja, dalia, haridra, silajit, sigru, palak, takra, vyayam. Apathya: dugdha, sarkara, maida, aloo, sweets, bread, butter, cheese, junk foods, creams, daysleep. CONCLUSION: Pathya is the one which keeps the individual sound, keeps up ordinary body capacities prompts appropriate working of the organs, feeds the psyche and acumen, averts maladies and in the meantime amends the inconsistencies that may happen in the body. In the classics, stree has been described as sukumara and should be treated with mridu dravyas. So pathyas should be chosen accordingly. One should not utilize the nourishment articles from either connection or numbness rather he should utilize the healthy one after examination on the grounds that the body and disease is a result of sustenance. (rogastu ahara sambhvah) So pathya and apathya are equally responsible for both healthy and unhealthy person as the body is the result of ahara and ahara is the primary cause of disease. REFERENCES 1. Kashyapa. Kashyapa Samhita. P.V. Tewari. Editor. khiila sthana, 2, Chaukhamba Vishwabharti, Varanasi; Vaghbhatt. Astanga Hridaya. Atrideva Gupta. Editor. Nidan sthana 12/1, Chaukhambha Prakashan, Varanasi; Printed Haricharanavasu V. Sabdakalpadruma, 3 rd. Chowkambha Samskrita series office. 1967; 1: Acharya Charaka. Charaka Samhita. Pt.Rajeswara Datta Shastri, Editor. chikistha sthana, 1/1/3, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, Reprinted Acharya Charaka. Charaka Samhita. Pt. Rajeswara Datta Shastri, Editor. viman sthana, 1/21 Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi, Reprinted Sharangadhara. Sharangadhara Samhita Dr. Smt. Shailaja Srivastava. Editor. Chaukhamba Orientalia, Varanasi; Madhyam IJAAR VOLUME III ISSUE II MAY-JUNE 2017

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7 Corresponding Author: *Dr. Shibani Dash, M.S. scholar, Department of Stri Roga and Prasuti Tantra, All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi. Source of support: Nil. Conflict of interest: None Declared Cite this Article as Dash Shibani et al : A Comprehensive Review on Implication of Pathya Kalpana and Pathy-Apathya (Do s And Don ts) in Stree Rogas (Gynecological Disorders)] : IJAAR VOLUME III ISSUE II MAY-JUNE 2017 PAGE No: IJAAR VOLUME III ISSUE II MAY-JUNE 2017