Phytochemical and Physico-Chemical Analysis of Siddha Preparation Magizham Pattai Chooranam

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1 International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Biosciences Volume 1, Issue 2, December 2014, PP ISSN (Print) & ISSN (Online) Phytochemical and Physico-Chemical Analysis of Siddha Preparation Magizham Pattai Chooranam K.Samraj Lecturer, Velumailu Siddha Medical College, S.Padmanathan Medical Officer (Siddha), Tamilnadu Medical Service, India S.Thillaivanan Assistant Medical officer (Siddha), Tamilnadu Medical Service, India P.Parthiban H.O.D. Dept. Of General Medicine, Govt. Siddha Medical College, Chennai. Abstract: Phytochemical and physicochemical analysis of the polyherbal siddha preparation Magizham pattai chooranam, being used as aphrodisiac drug. The powder of this formulation was subjected to physicochemical study such as ash value (total ash 8.48%, acid insoluble ash 0.92%, water soluble ash 4.78%) water soluble extractive (11.25%), Alcohol soluble extractive (3.5%), moisture content 9.74%, behavior of powder with different reagent and fluorescence analysis. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extracts showed the presence of alkaloid, carbohydrate, glycoside, saponins, triterpenoids, flavonoids & fatty acids. Heavy metals of lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic and volatile oil are observed in BDL. Keywords: Siddha Drug, Polyherbal formulation, Magizham pattai Chooranam, Physico-chemical, Phytochemical. 1. INTRODUCTION A Siddha system of medicine is the oldest holistic management system with meticulously documented medicines and being practiced by a large population in south India. The development of this traditional system of medicines with perspectives of safety, efficacy and quality will help not only to preserve the traditional heritage but also to rationalize the use of natural products in health care 1,2. According to WHO guidelines, an herbal product needs to be standardized with respect to safety before releasing it into the market 3. Herbal drugs have found wide spread use in many countries not only because they are easily available and are cheaper but an important reason has been the notion that they are safer than synthetic drugs which may not always be true 4. The subject of herbal drug standardization is massively wide and deep. India can emerge as the major country and play the lead role in production of standardized, therapeutically effective herbal formulations. This can be achieved only if the herbal products are evaluated and analyzed using sophisticated modern techniques of standardization. As per the estimates of World Health Organization (WHO), more than 80% of global population uses plants or their products as the primary source of medicinal agents 5. The WHO has appreciated the importance of medicinal plants for public health care in developing nations and has evolved guidelines to support the member states in their efforts to formulate national policies on traditional medicines and to study their potential usefulness including evaluation, safety and efficacy 6. The formulation was evaluated for its physico-chemical study such as ash value, extractive value, behavior of powder with different reagents, fluorescence analysis, phytochemical and antimicrobial study. Fresh formulation prepared in the laboratory was tested for the presence of above mentioned parametetrs. IJRPB 11

2 Percentage K.Samraj et al. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1. Preparation of the Magizhampattai Chooranam Mimoso Elangi (Magizham Pattai), The Gum of Butea Monosperma (Purasam Pisin),Hygrophila auriculata (Neermulli Seeds). All the drugs were dried well in shadow and made into fine powder. They were put in a bottle and mixed thoroughly Extraction The drug was extraction by using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol. The extracts were concentrated under reduced pressure at room temperature Physico-Chemical Parameters Percentage of total ash, acid-insoluble ash, water soluble ash, and sulphated ash were calculated as per the Indian pharmacopoeia. The different extracts of the formulation were prepared for the study of extractive value 8. Loss on drying was carried out 9. Fluorescence analysis of the powdered formulation was carried out by standard methods 10. Behavior of powder with different chemical reagents was studied Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis For the preliminary phytochemical analysis, 5gm powdered drug was extracted with pet.ether, chloroform, ethylacetate and methanol successively. The extracts were dried and weighed. The presence or absence of different phytoconstituents viz, triterpenoids, alkaloids, steroids, sugar, tannin, glycosides and flavonoids etc. were detected by usual prescribed methods RESULTS The physico-chemical studies of the powder of siddha drug were carried out. The total ash, water soluble ash, acid insoluble ash were found to be 8.48%w/w, 4.78%w/w, 0.92%w/w (Figure-1) The moisture content of formulation was found to be 9.74%w/w. The fluorescence analysis of the powder of formulation was observed in day light and ultra violet light. The results are light brown in both lights (Table -1). The phytochemical screening of all extract of formulation was carried out and results showed presence of alkaloid, carbohydrate, glycoside, saponins, triterpenoids, flavonoids & fatty acids. (Table-4). The percentage yield is 36 and colour of the water extract is Light brown, solid in nature and ph is (Table-3). Heavy metal showed the BDL (Below Detection Limit) of Lead, Cadmium, Mercury, Arsenic, Volatile oil (Table-5) Total ash Acid insoluble ash Ash values Water soluble ash Figure 1. Table 1. Colur characters of Magizhampattai Chooranam S.No Solvent used Under ordinary light Under ultra violet light 1. PPM Light brown Light brown International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Biosciences 12

3 Phytochemical and Physico-Chemical Analysis of Siddha Preparation Magizham Pattai Chooranam Table 2. Physicochemical properties of Magizhampattai Chooranam S.No Parameters Values obtained Heavy / toxic metals (%w/w) 1. Total ash value 8.48 Lead BDL 2. Acid insoluble ash 0.92 Cadmium BDL 3. Water soluble ash 4.78 Mercury BDL 4. Moisture content 9.74 Arsenic BDL 5. Foreign organic matter 8.3 Volatile oil BDL 6. Crude fibre content Alcohol soluble extractive Water soluble extractive Table 3. Colour, nature and percent yields of extract of Magizhampattai Chooranam S.No Extract solvents Colour 1. Water Light brown TLC/GC (PEAKS) Nature % Yield (w/w) SEM-Micro graph particle size range in micron 7 Solid micron ph Figure 2. The photograph taken through the microscope. Table 4. Preliminary Phytochemical analysis of different extract of Magizhampattai Chooranam S.No Phytoconstituents Aqueous 1. Alkaloids + 2. Flavonoids + 3. Saponins + 4. Glycosides + 5. Carbohydrates + 6. Fatty acids + 7. Triterpenoids + + = Present; -=Absent International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Biosciences 13

4 K.Samraj et al. Table DISCUSSION The formulation having water soluble ash is almost half of the total ash and thrice of acid insoluble ash. The successive extractive value showed that water and acetone having more extractive than any other which indicate the more solubility of phytoconstituents. The moisture content is found to be less than ten which indicate the dryness of the drug. The fluorescent analysis of powder indicates the nature of phytoconstituent present or adulterant. The preliminary phytochemical analysis indicates the nature of phytoconstituents present in different solvent extract. Ethyl acetate extract showed the presence of alkaloid, carbohydrate, glycoside, saponins, triterpenoids, flavonoids & fatty acids. Heavy metal showed the BDL (Below Detection Limit) of Lead, Cadmium, Mercury, Arsenic, Volatile oil. 5. CONCLUSION In this analysis, a Siddha preparation Magizhampattai Chooranam containing ingredients such as Mimoso Elangi (Magizham Pattai), The Gum of Butea Monosperma (Purasam Pisin),Hygrophila auriculata (Neermulli Seeds) possessing mainly aphrodisiac activity was evaluated for its physicochemical parameters such as ash value, fluorescence analysis, phytochemical analysis. Fresh formulation prepared in the laboratory was tested for the presence of above mentioned parametetrs. Ethyl acetate extract showed the presence of important phytoconstituents such as alkaloid, carbohydrate, glycoside, saponins, triterpenoids, flavonoids & fatty acids. And Below Detection limit of toxic heavy metals. REFERENCES [1] Mukherhee PK, Wahile A, Integrated approach towards drug development from Ayurveda and other system of medicines, J Ethanopharmacology. 2006; 103: [2] Mukherhee PK, Exploring botanicals in Indian Syatem of Medicine-Regulatory Perspectives, Clinical Res Regulatory Affairs. 2003; 20: [3] Paridhavi M, Agrawal S S; Safety evaluation of a polyherbal formulation, Zuroor-e-Qula. N.Prod. Rad. 2007; 6(4): International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Biosciences 14

5 Phytochemical and Physico-Chemical Analysis of Siddha Preparation Magizham Pattai Chooranam [4] Arnabaditya Mohanty, Chandan Das, Sujit Dash and Durga Charan Sahoo: PHYSICO- CHEMICAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL STUDY OF POLYHERBAL FORMULATION: Pharmacie Globale (IJCP) 2010, 4 (04) [5] Mukherhee PK, Exploring botanicals in Indian Syatem of Medicine-Regulatory Perspectives, Clinical Res Regulatory Affairs. 2003; 20: [6] Organization Mondiale De La Sante, Quality control methods for medicinal plants materials, 559, rev. 1, Original English, World Health Organization. 1992; 159. [7] Annonymous. (1994) Anuboga vaithya navaneetham, 2nd edition, Part-8: Page-138, Thamarai noolagam, Chennai-26. [8] Anonymous.Pharmacopoeia of India. Government of India Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Ghaziabad, India:The Indian pharmacopoeia commission; 2007:78. [9] Khandelwal K R; Practical pharmacognosy, Technique and experiments. Mumbai,India: Nirali Prakashan; 2000:159. [10] Pratt R J, Chase C R; Fluorescence of powdered vegitable drugs with particular reference to development of a system of identification. J.Am.Pharm.Ass.1949; 38: [11].Kokosk J I, Kokoski R, Salma F J; Fluorescence of powdered vegetables drugs under ultraviolet radiation. J. Am. Pharm.Ass.1958; 47: [12] Harborne J B;Phytochemical Methods: A Guide To Modern Technique of Plant Analysis.3rd ed.london, England: Chapman and Hall; 1998: International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Biosciences 15