PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL EVALUATION OF MUSTA ARAGVADHADI KASHAYA

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1 181 P a g e International Standard Serial Number (ISSN): International Journal of Universal Pharmacy and Bio Sciences 5(3): May-June 2016 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UNIVERSAL PHARMACY AND BIO SCIENCES IMPACT FACTOR 2.966*** Pharmaceutical Sciences ICV 6.16*** RESEARCH ARTICLE!!! PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL EVALUATION OF MUSTA ARAGVADHADI KASHAYA Nitin Dobariya 1, Hitesh Vyas 2, Harisha C.R. 3, VJ Shukla 4 1 MD Scholar, Dept. of Basic Principle, 2 Associate Professor, Dept. of Basic Principles, 3 Head, Pharmacognosy, 4 Head, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Lab, I.P.G.T and R.A., GAU, Jamnagar. KEYWORDS: Mustaragvadhadi Kashaya, Pharmacognosy, Physicochemical analysis, Sthaulaya. For Correspondence: Dr. Nitin Dobariya* Address: MD Scholar, Dept. of Basic Principle, I.P.G.T & R.A.,Gujarat Ayurveda University, Jamnagar Gujrat, India. ABSTRACT Mustaragvadhadi Kashaya is a compound Ayurvedic formulation prescribed in the management of Santarpana Vyadhi(diseases due to over nutrition) in Charak Samhita. Traditional complete food has been corrupted by noodles, pizza, burgers like junk food or processed food. Some person gives more stress on nutritional values of food without considering their own digestive capacity. All these results in Santarpanottha (over nutritional) symptoms as majority of the people have become so busy that they have no little bit of time to spend doing exercise. Charak has described Sthaulaya(obesity) under Santarpanottha Vyadhi (diseases due to over nutrition)present study Mustaragvadhadi Kashaya Pharmacognostically and pharmaceutical analysis counting powder microscopy of raw drug exposed the quality and genuineness of all the constituents of Mustaragvadhadi Kashaya(Decoction). Organoleptic features of coarse powder made out of the crude drugs were within the standard range. Loss on drying was %w/w and ph was 3.5. HPTLC showed 9 spots at 254 and 9 spots at 366 nm. This shows the presence of certain definite constituents in the Churna(Powder) and is helpful for the easy separation of these constituents.

2 P a g e International Standard Serial Number (ISSN): INTRODUCTION: Ayurveda is an ancient lifestyle practice which aims to create harmony within the human body, based on holistic approach. In Ayurveda there are everything is described for healthy (Dincharya & Riticharya) as well as diseased person (Chikitsa).Santarpaniya Adhyaya 1 of charak samhita contains the causative factors, signs & symptoms and line of treatment for Santarpan Nimittaja as well as Apatarpana Nimittaja Vyadhi(diseases due to under nutrition) but major part of the chapter deals with the first one. Both of these kinds of diseases can be easily correlated with the life style related diseases of the present era. Sthaulaya(obesity) is very widespread disease in society & in present era prevalence of the disease has increased due to irregular dietary habits, faulty diets, hectic life style etc. There are main line of treatment for Santarpanjanya Vyadhi is Apatarpan like Vaman(emetic therapy), Virechana (purgation), Raktamokshana (blood-letting), Vyayama (exercise), Upavas (Fasting), Dhuma (Ayurvedic-smoke), Swedana (fomentation), Rukshannasevan 2 described in Santarpaniya Adhyaya. The study drug Mustaragvadhadi Kashaya 3 contains Musta, Aargvadha, Patha, Haritaki, Bibhitaki, Aamalaki, Devadaru, Gokshura, Khadir, Nimba, Haridra, Daruharidra, Kutaja. It helps in curing Santarpan Nimittaja Vyadhi 4. The main purpose of selecting this formulation having Tikta Kashaya Rasa, Anushana Virya, Madhura Vipaka, Ruksha, Laghu Guna, so this properties bring the normalcy of Kapha and Meda. Musta, Haridra, Daruharidra have Lekhniya property 5. The present work was carried out to standardize and evaluate the pharmacognostical as well as analyze the physico-chemical properties of Mustaragvadhadi Kashaya. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Collection of raw materials: Raw drug materials were collected from the pharmacy department, IPGT & RA, Gujarat Ayurveda University and were identified and authenticated at Pharmacognosy laboratory. Preparation of Mustaragvadhadi Kashaya: Mustaragvadhadi Kashaya 6 was prepared as per classical method. All ingredients were taken in prescribed ratio equal in quantity (Table 1). Powdered and stored in airtight glass jars under hygienic conditions. Pharmacognostical evaluation: The purpose of the pharmacognostical study was to confirm the authenticity of the drugs used in the preparation of Mustaragvadhadi Kashaya. Raw drugs were identified and authenticated by the Pharmacognosy lab, I.P.G.T & R.A, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar. The identification was

3 P a g e International Standard Serial Number (ISSN): carried out based on the morphological features, organoleptic features and powder microscopy of the individual drugs. Later, Pharmacognostical evaluation of the Churna was carried out. Churna dissolved in small quantity of distilled water, filtered through filter paper, filtrate studied under the microscope attached with camera, with stain and without stain. The microphotographs were also taken under the microscope 7. Pharmaceutical Evaluation: Following parameters were analyzed for different physico-chemical parameters by today s routine methods at the pharmaceutical chemistry lab, IPGT& RA, Jamnagar. Physico-chemical Parameters 8 : Physico-chemical parameters i.e. Water-soluble Extract, methanol-soluble Extract, ph (5% solution), ash Value, loss on drying, articles consistency are carried out as per standard methods. High performance Thin Layer Chromatography study (HPTLC) 9 : Methanol extract of Mustaragvadhadi Kashaya was spotted on pre coated silica gel GF 254 aluminium plate as 5mm bands, 5 mm apart and 1 cm from the edge of the plates, by means of a Camag Linomate Vsample applicator fitted with a 100 μl Hamilton syringe. Ethyl acetate: water: Acetic acid (8:1:1) were used as the mobile phase. After development, Densitometric scanning was performed with a Camag TLC scanner III in reflectance absorbance mode at 254nm and 366 nm under control of win CATS software. The slit dimensions were 6 mm 0.45 mm and the scanning speed was 20 mm per second. All HPTLC plates were scanned with filter fraction Savitsy-goloy 7, minimum slope 5, minimum height 10 AU, minimum area 50 AU, and maximum height 990 AU with absorption unit. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Organoleptic findings: Organoleptic findings of Mustaragvadhadi Kashaya is given in Table 2. Pharmacognostical study: The initial purpose of the study was to confirm the authenticity of the drug used in the preparation of Mustaragvadhadi Kashaya. For that microscopy of powder showed Border pitted vessel of Devdaru, Compound starch grain of Patha, Cork cells of Khadira, Lignified Scleriods of Haritaki, Crystal fibres of Daruharidra, Misocarap cell of Amalaki, Rhomboidal crystal of Kutaja, Prismatic crystal of Nimba, Simple starch grain of Musta, Tannin contain of Argvadha, Trichome cell of Bhibitaki, Trichome of Gokshura etc. (Microphotographs Plate 1).

4 P a g e International Standard Serial Number (ISSN): Pharmaceutical Evaluation: Physico-Chemical parameters of Mustaragvadhadi Kashaya like ash value, water soluble extract, ph, loss on drying, particles consistency etc. all were found to be within the normal range. Details are given in Table 3. HPTLC study results On performing HPTLC, visual observation under UV light showed few spots but on analyzing under densitometer much more was observed (Plate-2) and at 254nm, the chromatogram showed 9 peaks with R f values 0.02,0.05,0.15,0.24,0.26,0.29,0.41,0.74,0.79 While at 366nm the chromatogram showed 9 peaks with R f values 0.01,0.05,0.15,0.23,0.27,0.34,0.37,0.41,0.79 (Table 4 and Plate-2). DISCUSSION: Medicinal plants are having great part of the Ayurvedic treatment as raw materials therefore the correct identification of those plants are quite necessary. The Ayurvedic system of medicine is facing another major problem that is quality control of crude drugs. To get the full therapeutic impact of the drugs it should be remained free from adulterants and thus the quality of the drugs can be lift up to the adequate standard. For this, proper identification of the plant excluding with the adulterant microscopically and morphologically is necessary. 10 The present study was undertaken to standardize Mustaragvadhadi Kashaya, hence the material was subjected to minimum Pharmacognostical and Pharmaceutical analysis. Pharmacognostical evaluation of Mustaragvadhadi Kashaya showed that all the observed characters which are from all three ingredients used in the compound formulations showed that genuinity and purity of the finished product. Physico-chemical parameters of Mustaragvadhadi Kashaya like Loss on drying, Ash value, ph Value all were found to be within the normal range. CONCLUSION: Pharmacognostical and physicochemical analysis of Mustaragvadhadi Kashaya showed the specific characters of all ingredients which were used in the preparation. Pharmacognostical findings confirm the ingredients. Raw drugs were cross verified with API and no major changes were observed. When the finished product was analyzed under the microscope, it is concluded that the formulation meets the minimum qualitative standards as reported in the API at a preliminary level. Though the groundwork essentials for the standardization of Mustaragvadhadi Kashaya was covered in the current study, additional important analysis and investigations are required for the identification of all the active chemical constituents. The results of this study may be used as the reference standard in advance research undertakings of its kind.

5 P a g e International Standard Serial Number (ISSN): Table 1: Composition of Mustaragvadhadi Kashaya Sr. No. Sanskrit Name Botanical name Part used Proportion 1. Musta Cyperus rotundus Linn. Rhizome 1 Part 2. Aargvadha Cassia fistula Linn. Fruit pulp 1 Part 3. Patha Cissampelos pareira Linn. Root 1 Part 4. Haritaki Terminalia chebula Retz. Fruit 1 Part 5. Bibhitaki Terminalia belerica Roxb. Fruit 1 Part 6. Aamalaki Emblica officinalis Gaertn. Fruit 1 Part 7. Devadaru Cedrus deodara Roxb. Heart wood 1 Part 8. Gokshura Tribulus terrestris Linn. Whole plant 1 Part 9. Khadir Acacia catechu Willd. Stem Bark 1 Part 10. Nimba Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Stem bark 1 Part 11. Haridra Curcuma longa Linn. Rhizome 1 Part 12. Daru haridra 13. Kutaja Holarrhena antidysenterica Wall. Berberis aristata Roxb. Stem 1 Part Stem Bark 1 Part Properties Table 2. Organoleptic examination Mustaragvadhadi Kashaya Colour Odour Taste Texture Light Brown Slightly Aromatic Bitter and Astringent Coarse Powder

P a g e 1 8 6 International Standard Serial Number (ISSN): 2319-8141 Table 3: Results of the drug analysis on Physico-chemical parameters Sr. No. Test Results 1 Loss on Drying 9.

40% (b) Moderately fine powder (Between 60-85 mesh) 6.34% (c) Fine powder (Between 85-120 mesh) 6.84% (d) Very fine powder (Below 120 mesh) 4.

6 P a g e International Standard Serial Number (ISSN): Table 3: Results of the drug analysis on Physico-chemical parameters Sr. No. Test Results 1 Loss on Drying 9.181%w/w 2 Ash Value %w/w 3 Water-soluble Extract 20.6 %w/w 4 Methanol-soluble Extract 42.7 %w/w 5 ph (5% solution) Particles Consistency (a) Moderately coarse powder (Above 60 mesh) 81.40% (b) Moderately fine powder (Between mesh) 6.34% (c) Fine powder (Between mesh) 6.84% (d) Very fine powder (Below 120 mesh) 4.65% Table 4: Showing consolidated data of HPTLC profile of Mustargvadhiya Kashaya Solvent System: Ethyl acetate: water: Acetic acid (8: 1: 1) Condition No. of spots Max. Rf Area Short UV ,0.05,0.15,0.24,0.26,0.29,0.41, ,2123.8,1811.1,681.1,965.1, (254 nm) 0.74, ,1052.2,3412.3,397.8 Long (366 nm) UV ,0.05,0.15,0.23,0.27,0.34,0.37, 0.41, ,2089.3,2885.1,1016.4,861.2,2489.3,3221.6,5271.8,448.1 Coarse powder of Mustaragvadhadi Kashaya

7 P a g e International Standard Serial Number (ISSN): Plate 1: Microphotographs of Mustaragvadhadi Kashaya Border pitted vessel of Devdaru Compound starch grain of Patha Cork cell of Khadira Cork cells of Nimba k cells of Patha Cor Crystal fibres of Daruharidra Crystal fiber of Nimba Epicarap cells of Argvadha Epicarap cells of Haritaki Epicarap cell of Argvadha Epicarap cell of Haritaki Fibres of Amalaki

8 P a g e International Standard Serial Number (ISSN): Fibres passing through medullary rays Fibres of Devdaru Group of scleroid of Bhibitaki Lignified fibres of Devdaru Lignified fibre of Haritaki Lignified scelriod of Haritaki Mesocarap cell of Amalaki Oil globule of Devdaru Paranchyma cells of Haridra Pitted vessel of Daruharidra Prismatic crystal of Nimba Rhomboidal crystal of Kutaja

9 P a g e International Standard Serial Number (ISSN): Scalariform vessels of Haridra Sceleroid of Amalaki Silica deposition of Musta Simple starch grain of Musta Stone cell of Haritaki Stone cell of Khadira Stone cell of Kutaja Lignified stone cells of Kutaja Stratified fibres of Gokshura Tannin contant of Argvadha Trichome cell of Bhibitaki Trichome of Gokshura

P a g e 1 9 0 International Standard Serial Number (ISSN): 2319-8141 Plate 2: Densitogram of Mustargvadhiya Kashaya At 254nm At 366nm REFRENCES: 1.

10 P a g e International Standard Serial Number (ISSN): Plate 2: Densitogram of Mustargvadhiya Kashaya At 254nm At 366nm REFRENCES: 1. Agnivesha, Chakrapani Teeka, Sutrasthana 23rd chapter, Acarya Yadavaji Trikamaji, Charaka Samhita, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Surabharati Prakashana, 2009, Pg Agnivesha, Chakrapani Teeka, Sutrasthana 23rd chapter 8-9th sutra, Acarya Yadavaji Trikamaji, Charaka Samhita, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Surabharati Prakashana, 2009, Pg Agnivesha, Chakrapani Teeka, Sutrasthana 23rd chapter 12-13th sutra, Acarya Yadavaji Trikamaji, Charaka Samhita, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Surabharati Prakashana, 2009, Pg Agnivesha, Chakrapani Teeka, Sutrasthana 23rd chapter 13th sutra, Acarya Yadavaji Trikamaji, Charaka Samhita, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Surabharati Prakashana, 2009, Pg Agnivesha, Chakrapani Teeka, Sutrasthana 4th chapter 9th sutra, Acarya Yadavaji Trikamaji, Charaka Samhita, Varanasi, Chowkhamba Surabharati Prakashana, 2009, Pg Wallis TE, Text book of Pharmacognosy, 5 th Ed., New Delhi: CBS Publishers & Distributors2002 p , Anonymous 4, Govt. of India. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. 1st edition, part II, The Controller of publications, New Delhi; 2006; Vol.II, Appendix -03: Kashyap Chauhan, Mahesh Vyas, Harisha CR, A.S. Baghel. Standardization of Trikatu Churna through pharmacognostical & physicochemical analysis, European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical sciences, Vol-3, Issue-3, pg

11 P a g e International Standard Serial Number (ISSN): Yadav Pramod, Harisha CR, Prajapati PK, Validation of pharmacopoeial characters of Bhringaraja (Eclipta alba Linn. Hassk.), Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research 2011; 8 (1): 17-24

PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL STUDY OF NAVAYASA CHURNA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PANDU W.S.R. TO IRON DEFICIENCY ANAEMIA (IDA)

PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL STUDY OF NAVAYASA CHURNA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PANDU W.S.R. TO IRON DEFICIENCY ANAEMIA (IDA) 98 P a g e International Standard Serial Number (ISSN): 2319-8141 International Journal of Universal Pharmacy and Bio Sciences 3(5): September-October 2014 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UNIVERSAL PHARMACY AND