International Journal of Innovative Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research
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1 International Journal of Innovative Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research STUDY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LEAVES OF MURRAYA KOENIGII AS AN ANTI-SOLAR Gharge Varsha *, Gore Meghana, Ahire Pallavi, Ghorpade Pranita, Dr. Yadav Adhikrao Gourishankar Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Limb, Satara, INDIA Abstract Sunlight is one such factor that affects the skin constantly and in the process causing damage. The skin has the intrinsic properties to protect itself from the sun. Many of natural substances like flavonoids and other poly-phenols have been considered as an excellent sunscreen agents because of their ability to absorb the UV radiation from sun ray. Mainly the sun exposure can cause skin cancer which leads to the requirement of sunscreen products which should be approximately tested on skin. However, several issues were found regarding sunscreen effectiveness in previous studies causing researchers to study on plants as alternative sunscreen. The present study aimed at the phytochemical examination and anti-solar activity of Murraya koenigii (leaf) ethanolic extract. Murraya koenigii leaves were extracted with ethanol using soxhlet apparatus. The plant Murraya koenigii (leaf) content more amount of flavonoids based on this chemical substance. The photo protective activity was evaluated by using UV visible spectrophotometry, where the method it is diffused transmittance and the range of UVvisible about nm for absorption. Absorption of UV radiation is a main characteristic for identification of flavonoids in natural sources of plant materials. The finalize result gives the extract was reported as maximum absorbance of UV radiation at 389nm. Keywords: Murraya koenigii, Soxhlet apparatus, anti-solar, spectroscopy. Corresponding Author: Gharge Varsha Gajanan Gourishankar Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Limb, Satara, Maharashtra, INDIA ghargevarsha5306@gmail.com Phone: Available online: April Issue 99
2 INTRODUCTION Skin, is an architecturally marvellous structure has a surface area of m². It is pliable yet tough, allowing it to take constant punishment from the external environment. Sunlight is one such factor that affects the skin constantly and in the process causing damage. Skin has the intrinsic properties to protect itself from the sun, in form of melanin [1]. Exposed sun ultraviolet light is classified into three types of uv ray: UVA rays: dimension of wavelength is nm. These ray cause age skin cell and can damage their DNA cells. These rays are linked to long term skin damage such as wrinkles and skin cancers. UVB rays: Dimensions of wavelength are nm. These rays can directly damage the skin cell DNA and the main rays cause s sunburns and can also may cause most skin cancers.uvc rays: Dimensions of wavelength are nm.These rays don t get out from atmosphere and they normally do not cause skin cancer [2]. Plants have always been a rich source of natural compounds. In the past traditional people depend on local flora and fauna for their survival. They use leaves, roots, and fruits as traditional medicine. The metabolites discovered in medicinal plants may avoid the side effects of synthetic drugs because they accumulate within living cells. Murraya koenigii, commonly known as curry leaf or Kari patta in Indian dialects, belonging to Family Rutaceae which represent more than 150 genera and 1600 species [3]. Murraya Koenigii is a highly values plant for its characteristic aroma and medicinal value. It is an important export commondity from India as it fetches good foreign revenue. A number of chemical constituents from every part of the plant have been extracted. The most important chemical constitutents responsible for its intense characteristic aroma are P-gurjunene, P- caryophyllene, P-elemene and O-phellandrene. The plant is rich source of carbazole alkaloids [4]. Bioactive coumarins, acridine alkaloids and carbazole alkaloids from family Rutaceae were reviewed by Ito [5]. Murraya koenigii Linn (Rutaceae) commonly known as Meethi neem, is an aromatic more or less deciduous shrub or a small tree up to 6 m in height found throughout India up to an altitude of 1500 m and are cultivated for its aromatic leaves [6]. In traditional system of Medicine, it is used as antiemetic, antidiarrhoeal, dysentery, febrifuge, blood purifier, tonic, stomachic, flavoring agent in curries and chetneys. The oil is used externally for bruises, eruption, in soap and perfume industry. It is reported to possess antioxiant, antibacterial, antifungal, larvicidal, anticarcinogenic, hypoglycemic, anti-lipid peroxidative, hypolipidemic and antihypertensive activity [7]. Murraya Available online: April Issue 100
3 koenigii L belong to family Rutaceae, a perennial shrub or small tree commonly cultivated in India, Sri lanka and other Asian countries [8]. It is locally known as curry leaf plant due to presence of aromatic smell, ornament and used as a natural flavoring agent for various food preparations [9]. Leaves have somewhat pungent, bitter and weakly acidulous taste and these characteristics retained after drying. The leaves are highly valued as seasoning along with sliced onions in Indian and Asian countries cooking. Fresh leaves dried powder and volatile oils are comprehensively used in India to provide flavor in many food dishes preparation and materials [10,11]. Oil used in soap and cosmetic industries [12]. Plant Profile Kingdom- Plantae, Sub-kingdom- Tracheobionta, Superdivision- Spermatophyta, Division- Magnoliophyta, Class- Magnoliospida, Subclass- Rosidae Order- Sapindales, Family- Rutaceae, Genus- Murraya J.Koenig ex L., Species- Murraya Koenigii L. Spreng. Traditional uses The bark and the roots are used as a stimulant by the physicians. They are also used externally to cure eruptions and the bites of poisonous animals. The green leaves are stated to be eaten raw for curing dysentery, and the infusion of the washed leaves stops vomiting. Curry leaves are also used in calcium deficiency. It has Vitamin A, Vitamin B, Vitamin C, Vitamin B2, Calcium and iron in plenty. Its nutritional value benefits both the young and the old alike. Women who suffer from calcium deficiency, osteoporosis etc can find an ideal natural calcium supplement in curry leaves. Available online: April Issue 101
4 Fig.1: Whole Plant of Murraya koenigii EXPERIMENTAL Collection and identification The leaves Murraya koenigii were collected from satara, Maharashtra, washed properly and shade dried. The dried leaves powdered and used for the extraction purpose. The specimens were identified by in the department of botany Y.C. college satara. Extraction The pulverized dried Murraya koenigii leaves were extracted with ethanol using soxhlet apparatus. Ethanol extract were filtered & evaporated to dryness [13]. Photochemical Examination The general flavonoid identification tests were performed on the extract. Test 1: To dry extract, add 5ml of 95% ethanol, few drop of concentrated hydrochloric acid and 0.5 g of magnesium turning. The finally pink color observed. (Shinoda test) Test 2: To a small quantity of extract, add lead acetate solution, it shows yellow colored precipitate is formed. Phytochemical screening and anti-solar activity Preparation of sample The sample preparations were carried out by 10 mg % w/v concentration dissolving into the 100 ml of distilled water (10 mg/100ml). Evaluation of anti-solar activity the UV absorption spectrum for extract was obtained in range of nm using Double beam UV-Vis Spectrophotometer Model Shimadzu Available online: April Issue 102
5 Abs. RESEARCH ARTICLE Gharge et.al / IJIPSR / 5 (04), 2017, Fig.2: Digital monitor display reading of absorption spectra of the extract which is directly taken from spectrophotometer RESULT The UV scanning absorption spectra of the extract showed very strong absorption at 0.165A with max at389nm. The graph extract also showed a plateau in range of nm with moderate absorbance of ~ DISCUSSION The result obtained were showed the ability of extract to absorb UV radiation and hence proved its UV protection ability. The extract showed absorbance at 389 nm. The moderate absorbance was noted at the range of nm after investigation of extract indicated the presence of flavonoid. It also absorbs light and helps to protect the photosensitive substances in the leaves and thus play a key role in the defense mechanism of plants. Absorption of UV radiation is a main characteristic for identification of flavonoid in natural sources. The results showed strong-tomoderate absorption of UV radiation along the whole range and this ability may be due to the presence of flavonoid. CONCLUSION The flavonoids were responsible for the free radical scavenging activity were believed to be one of the important components in anti-solar activity. The present study proved activity of the plant shows utility in anti-solar formulations. This will be a better, cheaper and safe alternative to harmful chemical sunscreens that used now a day in the industry. REFERENCES nm. 1. Patil VV, Patil SB, kondawar MS, Nalkwade NS, magdum CS. Spathodea campanulata L as an anti-solar, IJGP,2008; Available online: April Issue 103
6 2. Pawar DB, Doijad RC, sankpal P.S, pawar DA, anti-solar on ipomoea batatas Linn, 2014; 3(5): Kumar VS, Sharma A, Tiwari R, Sushil K. Murraya Koenigii-a review, JMAPS,1999; 21(4). 4. Ito C, Studies on Medicinal Resources of Rutaceous Plants and Development to Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Natural Med., 2000; 54: Anonymous, the Wealth of India: A Dictionary of Indian Raw Materials and Industrial Products. Publication & Information Directorate, New Delhi: CSIR, 1998; Prajapati ND, Purohit SS, Sharma AK, Kumar T, A Handbook of Medicinal Plants. Jodhpur: Agrobios, 2003; Iyer D, Uma DP, Phyto-pharmacology of Murraya koenigii, Pharmacognosy Reviews, 2008; 2: Anonymous, the Wealth of India-Raw Materials. New Delhi: Publication and Information Directorate, CSIR, Brandis D Indian trees and A count of Trees, Shrubs, Woody Climbers, Bamboos Plants Indigenous or Commonly Cultivated in the British Indian Empire, Dehra Dun, India, Rao BRR, Rajput DK, Mallavarapu GR, Chemotype Categorization of Curry Leaf Plants (Murraya koenigii (L.), Spreng.), J Essent Oil Bearing Plants, 2011; 14: Verghese J, Indian curry leaf. Perf Flav, 1989; 14: Lal RK, Khanuja SPS, Misra HO, Bansal K, Naqvi AA, Genetic diversity in the secondary metabolite traits of curry leaf (Murraya koenigii (Linn), Spreng.), Indian Perfumer, 49 (2005), Ms. Gharge V.G., Ms. Shelar P.A. et al. Pharmacognostic Standardization, Phytochemical Evaluation and Antimicrobial Activity of Leaf Extracts of Tridax Procumbens, International Journal of Universal Pharmacy and Bio Sciences, 5(6), 2016, Available online: April Issue 104
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