Conch Shell as an Omni Directional Speaker. Pratik Desai (ID # ) 9/12/14 Submitted to Dr. Rama Bhat.
|
|
- Coral Norris
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Conch Shell as an Omni Directional Speaker Pratik Desai (ID # ) 9/12/14 Submitted to Dr. Rama Bhat.
2 CONCH SHELL AS A OMNIDIRECTIONAL SPEAKER Conch Shell is the protective cover of long sea snails and possesses unique spiral profile which is quite similar to exponential horn, produces a diffuse sound field with shorter overall length. This research is aimed to explore the property of conch shell in anechoic chamber. It is proposed to drive the conch shell with an electro pneumatic transducer in order to produce an intense sound field. The device will be used in anechoic chamber and the sound field in the room will be measured. Key words: Conch Shell, Speaker, Directional Pattern, Reverberation Chamber. Introduction: Conch shell, widely used on various occasions since centuries in various communities over the world, has a spiral gradually increasing cavity made of calcium carbonate which is outer cover of the mollusk snail, is to serve the purpose of protection. Conch shells are available in the abundant quantity over the various sea shore of the world. Hard shell and aesthetics in look has made it very useful in various aspect such as decoration, ornaments or jewelries or to make cameo. Some used it as weapon by putting the up-turned conch shells over the fencing to serve the purpose of security where as some used it for communication or passing coded message i.e. natural hazards like flood or fog, warning of war or celebration of victory while some used it as the music instrument. 1 Not only that according to Hindu mythology, spiritual and destructive sound coming out of the conch shell while blowing the air form the one end of conch shell is powerful enough to drive away evil spirits, and holy enough to use as a water containers in the temple for the purpose of worship. In many Hindu temple conch shells are sounded to notify the beginning and ending of worship. 2 Literature Search: One of the adorable use of conch shell is to use a musical instrument. Conch shell is unique wind instrument due to growing cavity around the columilla commonly known as a central pillar around both axial as well as transverse direction which forms the void spiral cavity as shown in Figure 1, Figure 1 X-Ray Pictures Of Conch Shell From Center (Left Side) And Top View (Right Side) This mystery was revealed by Bhat 2-6 and collogue using X-ray tomography technology Research on conch shell was initiated by Bhat
3 in , and he reported fundamental frequency of conch shell and the higher frequencies are integer multiples of fundamental frequency and he added the relation between shell cavity depth and the fundamental frequency 2, and in , R. Rath and P. Naik, discover the Fibonacci pattern of the conch shell structure, on the basis of X-ray topography they conclude that structure grows in both spiral and transverse direction following the pattern shown below. f1 = f2 = 1; fn+1 = fn + fn-1.. (1) Which is called Fibonacci pattern and the ratio of successive pair is called as the golden ratio which can be defined as below. Ø = fn / fn-1...(2) They discovered that golden ratio is and the golden angle is or its supplement of Along with X-ray tomography pictures Rath and Naik 8 represent mode locking frequency in their research work. The geometry of conch shell is varying as it is available in many countries but the structure remains same which grows around a central pillar in both axial and transverse directions and thus spiral structure will be formed. The cavity is closed at blowing end and open at mouthpiece section. Seiji Adachi 9 classified the musical instruments as stringed instrument and wind instrument. He divide Wind instrument further in to woodwind and brass instrument. Based on his classification, conch shell belongs form brass family of wind instrument which also includes trumpet, French horn, trombone and tuba. Considering this fact, in 2009 Samuel D. F 10. explained how family of brass instrument works. He mentioned Brass instruments are musical instruments which produces sound by vibrations of air column in its cavity and hence they are also defined as lip vibration instruments and Conch shell is also one of them. There are many factors that affects the production of good quality of pitch and sound. This is the one of the reason for having good training to play with conch shell in a proper way. As shown in Figure 2 8, players keep one end of the instrument Figure 2 Model of Wind Instruments
4 in their mouths and blows the air. As soon as player will blow the air, pressure difference will be generated between the lips and which will create oscillations. Following this method acoustic pressure will be generated and which will be fed to musical instrument as an Input. Because of modulation of airflow, vibrations will be generated in the cavity therefore air pressure difference will be generated across the lips in wind musical instruments and thus this vibration will be results in to the spiritual sound. 8 Playing Conch Shell is an art and expert player can play various melody using their hand and lips oscillations. Helmholtz 11 Martin 12, Yoshikawa 13, did well on the motion of lips and conclude that in order to get oscillation in conch shell, lips should follow sinusoidal motion. Later in 2010, P. Cook 13 came up with a very innovative idea of using shell a speakers. He used Stroumbus shell as a speaker and found its directionality pattern. Directionality pattern is nothing but the distribution of sound in different directions from the source. He tried to reveal the effect of sound all over the different planes and thus placed various microphones and took measurements. As shown in figure 3, upper left graph represents right and front plane, lower left shows right and up plane, and upper and lower right plane shows front and up planes. This pattern reveals that using stroumbus shell as a speaker, distribution of sound in each direction is not uniform in other words listeners who are not within the range of the stoumbus shell, cannot feeling the sound as much as those who are within the range of the shell. After that in 2013, Bhat and Shah 14 performed same experiment but they used white conch shell, and operate with electric transducer. They came up with an exciting results and conclude that conch shell has the exact directionality pattern than any other musical instrument so far we were using. Figure 4 Directionality Pattern of the Conch Shell Figure 3 Radiated Energy in Various Planes. In above figure 14, graph at left side shows the directionality pattern when conch shell is placed as vertical and at right side shows the
5 directionality pattern when conch shell is placed as horizontal. Term directionality of sound is referred as the distribution of sound wave in all the direction. In order to get full intensity of sound in all direction, sound source must have to be omni directional. Sources which are omni directional serves the equal intensity in all direction which results in equal sound effects in all the direction. Getting inspiration from their work we finally aimed to perform the same experiment but instead of driving conch shell by electric transducer, we aimed to use pneumatic transducer and measured sound intensity keeping conch shell in the center and measured intensity level all around in the anechoic chamber. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP and RESULTS: Our aim in this experiment was to get the directionality pattern, so we kept the conch shell at the center of the anechoic chamber (9 X 13 X 7 ) on top of the tripod (3 5 ) and placed the microphone at the distance of 4 5. Then to get the results, rotating conch shell at 45 respectively in all over the direction and took the measurement. ANECHOIC CHAMBER: Anechoic chamber is the one which is been used for most of the acoustic experiments because it is made of unique walls which serves the purpose of absorbing sound energy instead of reflecting back. Main advantage of using such chamber is that, when any sound is propagated from a sound source, it provides the natural artificial environment which can be consider as similar as the open quite field where there is no possibility of sound reflection. To fulfil our requirements the chamber we used was semianechoic chamber which had unique walls possess small pyramids of 25cm long made of polyurethane. We measured the initial background noise level which was found 36.6 db. Figure 5 Set Up Of Experiment in Anechoic Chamber As shown in figure 5, A indicate the position of the conch shell, and circle drawn in red indicates the periphery of the microphone, where black dot B indicates the position of microphone at equal distance
6 on circle at 45. Also pyramids shown in black color indicated the sound energy absorbent. The conch shell was driven using pneumatic transducer which was controlled by single generator. Figure 6 shows the experimental set up in the anechoic chamber. Figure 6 Set Up of Conch Shell Mounted as Horizontal Rotation in an Anechoic Chamber. Figure 7 Mounting of the Conch Shell in Tripod Figure 6 shows the mounting of the conch shell on the tripod, in entire experiment, instead of placing microphone at different angle, we placed the microphone fixed and we gave 45 rotation to tripod mounted with conch shell, every single time.
7 Based on the above setup, we note down the measurements. Measured intensity of sound at different angle of rotation and at both horizontal and vertical position is shown in tabular form on the right hand side. Based on the results, we plot the polar diagrams which reflects the directionality of the Conch shell, and the graph shows that while driving conch shell at resonance frequency (308 Hz), it has equal intensity distribution in all the direction in both longitudinal and transient direction, which is shown in graph below. Table 1: Measured Sound Intensity at 45 of Rotation Degree Of Rotation ( ) Intensity (Db) In Horizontal Direction Intensity (Db) In Vertical Direction Figure 8 A) Directionality Pattern of Conch Shell in the Horizontal Direction and B) Directionality Pattern of Conch Shell in the Vertical Direction.
8 Above shown figure 8, indicates the directionality of the conch shell in both horizontal as well as in vertical direction. Circle indicated with blue shows the reference circle while circle indicated with orange shows the circle which was obtained from the resultant measurements HARMONICS IN CONCH SHELL: Before Bhat and Shah performed experiment on conch shell, Bhat and Taylor 2 carried out one experiment on Indian Conch shell. They measured the sound from lip driven conch shell and found the fundamental natural frequency as well as five overtones as an integer multiple of fundamental frequency with smooth decreasing amplitude. He considered conch shell as open ended duct and hence the equation for harmonic series is defined as f = n*c / 2* L.(3) Where n= 1, 2, 3.. c= speed of sound L = acoustic length The main objective is to implement conch shell for industrial applications, mainly as a blow horn. In previous chapters we discussed the directionality of conch shell which shows that it has good directionality pattern. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP: To give the sinusoidal in order to get the resonance frequency in conch shell instead of blowing air from mouth, we fed air, function of sinusoidal wave driven by pneumatic transducer, with the help of function generator. Further, the microphone which we used to get the measurements, was placed 4 5 far from the conch shell tripod Microphone was attached to the FFT spectra analyzer and output was recorded in floppy drive. While blowing the conch shell at its resonance frequency which was 308 Hz, we got very exciting results. The obtained result is shown in below figure 10. As it can be seen from figure, that sound spectrum do contains harmonics while blowing the shell at its fundamental frequency. This measured sound follows the same spectrum as the sound measured from a mouth driven Greek conch shell which is shown below in figure 9. When the shell is driven by mouth, the lip vibration excites the pressurized air flow from mouth and hence the spectrum displays a fundamental and several harmonic frequency peaks.
9 Impedance IMPIDANCE Impidance vs Frequency FUNDAMENTAL FREQUENCIES Series1 Figure 9 Harmonics of Greek Conch Shell Mouth Blow Impedance vs Frequency Fundamental Frequency Series1 Series2 Figure 10 Harmonics of Conch Shell Air Driven Figure 10 shows the harmonics of the transducer driven conch shell, here series 1 indicates the harmonics of conch shell mounted as a horizontal while series 2 indicates the harmonics of conch shell mounted as vertical. Also graphs clearly show the 1 st 5 fundamental frequencies, irrespective of position of mounting while blowing at fundamental frequency.
10 DISCUSSION of RESULTS: Based on the experiment and literature, comparing other musical devices like loud speaker and even stroumbus shell do not possess omni directional characteristics. It is significant that the only conch shell have the omni directionality pattern. Furthermore, pattern is found almost identical to the reference circle, and also identical with two distinct type of mounting position which conclude that irrespective of mounting position and direction, conch shell spreads equal and uniform sound intensity in all direction. integral multiples of the fundamental frequencies. Overall, for the industrial application of conch shell such as blow horn is preferable if any arrangement is done to blow the air in the cavity of the conch shell. FUTURE WORK: Further comparing harmonics of Indian conch shell with Greek shell, it concluded that frequencies are in the multiple integer of fundamental frequency and sound spectrum identically follow the sound spectrum of mouth driven Greek shell. CONCLUSION: From the research work it is concluded that conch shell provides better directionality pattern then loudspeakers and strombus horn. Moreover, conch shell has Omni directional pattern irrespective of direction. In addition to that harmonics depicts that flow of air in the conch shell is necessary for a harmonic series of frequencies as
11 REFERENCE [1] M.G. Prasad and B. Rajavel ACOUSTICS OF CHANTS, CONCH- SHELLS, BELLS AND GONGS IN HINDU WORSHIP SPACES New Delhi, India, November 10-15, 2013 [2] R. Bhat, Lisa Tailor and M. G. Prasad, Geometric Modeling and Spectral Analysis of A Conch Shell Trumpet, Air and structure Borne sound and vibration, Montreal, Canada, June [3] Bhat R.B., Acoustics of conch shell, Journal of sound vibration (1992)157(1) [4] Bhat R.B., Studies on the Cavity Geometry and Sound Characteristics of a Conch Shell", National Symposium on Acoustics, I.I.T. Madras, December 12-14, 1992 [5] Bhat R.B., Spectrum Analysis of Conch Shell Sound National Seminar on Acoustic and Its Biological Effects IIT Madras, 20-21, December [6] Bhat R. B. Acoustics of conch shell, Journal of Acoustic Society America, , [7] Sarojkumar Rath, P.C. Naik, Fibonacci structure in conch shell, current science 88(4)2005 [8] Sarojkumar Rath, P.C. Naik, Study of Acoustics in conch shell, current science 97(4)2009 [9] Seiji Adachi; Principles of Sound production in wind instruments; Acoustics science & Technology 25, 6(2004) [10] Samuel D. F. Stevenson, Experimental Investigation of lip motion in brass instrument playing, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009 [11] Helmholtz H, on the sensation of tone, Dover 1954 [12] Martin D.W., Lip vibration in a cornet mouthpiece, Journal of Acoustics society of America (1942)97, [13] Yoshikawa S., Acoustical behaviour of brass players lips, Journal of Acoustics Society of America (1995) 97, [14] Bhat B. R., Shah C. A. OMNIDIRECTIONAL NATURE OF CONCH SHELL SOUND AND APPLICATION [15] Xiang Duangi, Acoustic design of a reverberation chamber, Applied Acoustics(1991) 32(2), 83-91
17.4 Sound and Hearing
You can identify sounds without seeing them because sound waves carry information to your ears. People who work in places where sound is very loud need to protect their hearing. Properties of Sound Waves
More informationChapter 3. Sounds, Signals, and Studio Acoustics
Chapter 3 Sounds, Signals, and Studio Acoustics Sound Waves Compression/Rarefaction: speaker cone Sound travels 1130 feet per second Sound waves hit receiver Sound waves tend to spread out as they travel
More informationDescriptions of NDT Projects Fall 2004 October 31, 2004
Descriptions of NDT Projects Fall 2004 October 31, 2004 Introduction There are two separate NDT labs in Magister: ULTRA for ultrasound and EDDY for eddy current. Both labs are equipped with mechanical
More informationCLASSROOM AMPLIFICATION: WHO CARES? AND WHY SHOULD WE? James Blair and Jeffery Larsen Utah State University ASHA, San Diego, 2011
CLASSROOM AMPLIFICATION: WHO CARES? AND WHY SHOULD WE? James Blair and Jeffery Larsen Utah State University ASHA, San Diego, 2011 What we know Classroom amplification has been reported to be an advantage
More informationSound Waves. and their characteristics. 1) Frequency (pitch) 2) Intensity (loudness) 3) Harmonic Content. May 10 11:45 AM
Sound Waves and their characteristics 1) Frequency (pitch) 2) Intensity (loudness) 3) Harmonic Content May 10 11:45 AM 1 particle motion http://positron.ps.uci.edu/~dkirkby/music/html/demos/planewave/soundwave.html
More informationLecture 7- Sound Waves Chapter 17
Admin Wave Speed Questions 1 / 10 Lecture 7- Sound Waves Chapter 17 Prof. Noronha-Hostler PHY-124H HONORS ANALYTICAL PHYSICS IB Phys- 124H March 2 nd, 2018 Admin Wave Speed Questions 2 / 10 Housekeeping
More informationSound Workshop. What is sound Longitudinal Waves Frequency and pitch Hearing ranges Sounds in solids, liquids and gases Sound in a vacuum
Sound Workshop a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. What is sound Longitudinal Waves Frequency and pitch Hearing ranges Sounds in solids, liquids and gases Sound in a vacuum Echoes Ultrasound Loudspeakers
More informationChapter 17 Sound Sound and Hearing. Properties of Sound Waves 1/20/2017. Pearson Prentice Hall Physical Science: Concepts in Action
Pearson Prentice Hall Physical Science: Concepts in Action Chapter 17 Sound Standing Waves in Music When the string of a violin is played with a bow, it vibrates and creates standing waves. Some instruments,
More informationEKG and Sound.
I. Before coming to lab Read this handout and the supplemental. Visit the following website: blaufuss.org then click on the "START" button next to "Heart Sounds Tutorial." Do not worry so much about the
More informationLinear Ultrasonic Wave Propagation in Biological Tissues
Indian Journal of Biomechanics: Special Issue (NCBM 7-8 March 29) Linear Ultrasonic Wave Propagation in Biological Tissues Narendra D Londhe R. S. Anand 2, 2 Electrical Engineering Department, IIT Roorkee,
More informationSPHSC 462 HEARING DEVELOPMENT. Overview Review of Hearing Science Introduction
SPHSC 462 HEARING DEVELOPMENT Overview Review of Hearing Science Introduction 1 Overview of course and requirements Lecture/discussion; lecture notes on website http://faculty.washington.edu/lawerner/sphsc462/
More informationTOPICS IN AMPLIFICATION
August 2011 Directional modalities Directional Microphone Technology in Oasis 14.0 and Applications for Use Directional microphones are among the most important features found on hearing instruments today.
More informationISLAMABAD ACADEMY PHYSICS FOR 10TH CLASS (UNIT # 13)
PHYSICS FOR 10TH CLASS (UNIT # 13) SHORT QUESTIONS How sound is produced? It is produced from a vibrating body which transfers in air from one place to other in the form of compression waves. A medium
More informationMechanical Properties of the Cochlea. Reading: Yost Ch. 7
Mechanical Properties of the Cochlea CF Reading: Yost Ch. 7 The Cochlea Inner ear contains auditory and vestibular sensory organs. Cochlea is a coiled tri-partite tube about 35 mm long. Basilar membrane,
More informationSOLUTIONS Homework #3. Introduction to Engineering in Medicine and Biology ECEN 1001 Due Tues. 9/30/03
SOLUTIONS Homework #3 Introduction to Engineering in Medicine and Biology ECEN 1001 Due Tues. 9/30/03 Problem 1: a) Where in the cochlea would you say the process of "fourier decomposition" of the incoming
More informationTopic 4. Pitch & Frequency. (Some slides are adapted from Zhiyao Duan s course slides on Computer Audition and Its Applications in Music)
Topic 4 Pitch & Frequency (Some slides are adapted from Zhiyao Duan s course slides on Computer Audition and Its Applications in Music) A musical interlude KOMBU This solo by Kaigal-ool of Huun-Huur-Tu
More informationTopic 4. Pitch & Frequency
Topic 4 Pitch & Frequency A musical interlude KOMBU This solo by Kaigal-ool of Huun-Huur-Tu (accompanying himself on doshpuluur) demonstrates perfectly the characteristic sound of the Xorekteer voice An
More informationTechnical Discussion HUSHCORE Acoustical Products & Systems
What Is Noise? Noise is unwanted sound which may be hazardous to health, interfere with speech and verbal communications or is otherwise disturbing, irritating or annoying. What Is Sound? Sound is defined
More informationWelcome to the LISTEN G.R.A.S. Headphone and Headset Measurement Seminar The challenge of testing today s headphones USA
Welcome to the LISTEN G.R.A.S. Headphone and Headset Measurement Seminar The challenge of testing today s headphones USA 2017-10 Presenter Peter Wulf-Andersen Engineering degree in Acoustics Co-founder
More information9.3 Sound. The frequency of sound. pitch - the perception of high or low that you hear at different frequencies of sound.
9.3 Sound Like other waves, sound has frequency, wavelength, amplitude, and speed. Because sound is part of your daily experience, you already know its properties but by different names. You may never
More informationMUSICIANS CLINICS OF CANADA
MUSICIANS CLINICS OF CANADA WWW.HEARINGREVIEW.COM Feb 2009 March 2009 August 2014 WWW.MUSICIANSCLINICS.COM Sections on: Hearing loss FAQs Hearing loss prevention articles Summary fact sheets (instruments)
More information9.3 Sound The frequency of sound Frequency and pitch pitch Most sound has more than one frequency The frequency spectrum
9.3 Sound Like other waves, sound has frequency, wavelength, amplitude, and speed. Because sound is part of your daily experience, you already know its properties but by different names. You may never
More informationFeng Xiujuan National Institute of Metrology (NIM),China
The acoustic calibration service in transportation at NIM Feng Xiujuan National Institute of Metrology (NIM),China 1. Calibration requirements 2. Calibration service at NIM 2.1 Microphone 2.2 Ultrasonic
More informationHOW TO USE THE SHURE MXA910 CEILING ARRAY MICROPHONE FOR VOICE LIFT
HOW TO USE THE SHURE MXA910 CEILING ARRAY MICROPHONE FOR VOICE LIFT Created: Sept 2016 Updated: June 2017 By: Luis Guerra Troy Jensen The Shure MXA910 Ceiling Array Microphone offers the unique advantage
More informationSound. Chapter Test A. Multiple Choice. 1 Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
_ Sound Chapter Test A Multiple Choice Write the letter of the correct answer on the line at the left. _ 1. Sound is a disturbance that travels through a medium as a a. longitudinal wave. b. surface wave.
More informationSound and its characteristics. The decibel scale. Structure and function of the ear. Békésy s theory. Molecular basis of hair cell function.
Hearing Sound and its characteristics. The decibel scale. Structure and function of the ear. Békésy s theory. Molecular basis of hair cell function. 19/11/2014 Sound A type of longitudinal mass wave that
More informationThe speed at which it travels is a function of the density of the conducting medium.
Sound is a compression wave which (unlike light) must have a medium to conduct it. If the medium is uniform in density, the sound will spread at as a uniform ring of circles (actually spheres). The speed
More informationULTRASOUND IMAGING EE 472 F2018. Prof. Yasser Mostafa Kadah
ULTRASOUND IMAGING EE 472 F2018 Prof. Yasser Mostafa Kadah www.k-space.org Recommended Textbook Diagnostic Ultrasound: Physics and Equipment, 2nd ed., by Peter R. Hoskins (Editor), Kevin Martin (Editor),
More informationReport originating from the Frauenhofer-Institute of Construction Physics
IBP Report originating from the Frauenhofer-Institute of Construction Physics Abridged version from IBP-Report BS 113/84 An examination of the principle of operation behind the sonic wave device SK1 and
More informationPHONOCARDIOGRAPHY (PCG)
PHONOCARDIOGRAPHY (PCG) The technique of listening to sounds produced by the organs and vessels of the body is called auscultation. The areas at which the heart sounds are heard better are called auscultation
More informationUltrasound Physics & Terminology
Ultrasound Physics & Terminology This module includes the following: Basic physics terms Basic principles of ultrasound Ultrasound terminology and terms Common artifacts seen Doppler principles Terms for
More informationAUDL GS08 and GAV1: 2013 Final exam page 1/13. You must complete all sections. Label all graphs. Show your work!
AUDL GS08 and GAV1: 2013 Final exam page 1/13 You must complete all sections. Label all graphs. Show your work! Section A: Short questions concerning Signals & Systems A1. Give the sound pressure levels
More informationIsoAcoustics Technology Explained!
IsoAcoustics Technology Explained! IsoAcoustics Inc. has been developing products for the audio industry since January 2012. IsoAcoustics produces a growing range of products for both Home Audio and Professional
More informationA Basic Study on possibility to improve stage acoustics by active method
Toronto, Canada International Symposium on Room Acoustics June 9- ISRA A Basic Study on possibility to improve stage acoustics by active method Ayumi Ishikawa (ayumi@e.arch.mie-u.ac.jp) Takane Terashima
More informationCollege of Medicine Dept. of Medical physics Physics of ear and hearing /CH
College of Medicine Dept. of Medical physics Physics of ear and hearing /CH 13 2017-2018 ***************************************************************** o Introduction : The ear is the organ that detects
More informationWeek 2 Systems (& a bit more about db)
AUDL Signals & Systems for Speech & Hearing Reminder: signals as waveforms A graph of the instantaneousvalue of amplitude over time x-axis is always time (s, ms, µs) y-axis always a linear instantaneousamplitude
More informationOutline. The ear and perception of sound (Psychoacoustics) A.1 Outer Ear Amplifies Sound. Introduction
The ear and perception of sound (Psychoacoustics) 1 Outline A. Structure of the Ear B. Perception of Pitch C. Perception of Loudness D. Timbre (quality of sound) E. References Updated 01Aug0 Introduction
More informationChapter 1: Introduction to digital audio
Chapter 1: Introduction to digital audio Applications: audio players (e.g. MP3), DVD-audio, digital audio broadcast, music synthesizer, digital amplifier and equalizer, 3D sound synthesis 1 Properties
More informationEFFECTS OF TEMPORAL FINE STRUCTURE ON THE LOCALIZATION OF BROADBAND SOUNDS: POTENTIAL IMPLICATIONS FOR THE DESIGN OF SPATIAL AUDIO DISPLAYS
Proceedings of the 14 International Conference on Auditory Display, Paris, France June 24-27, 28 EFFECTS OF TEMPORAL FINE STRUCTURE ON THE LOCALIZATION OF BROADBAND SOUNDS: POTENTIAL IMPLICATIONS FOR THE
More informationVibration reduction of brush cutter considering human response characteristic
Vibration reduction of brush cutter considering human response characteristic Masanori UEMURA 1 ; Junji YOSHIDA 1 Shigeru MIYAKAWA ; Teruhito OONO ; Daiga ISHIKAWA 1 Osaka Institute of Technology, Japan
More informationQuarterly Progress and Status Report. Masking effects of one s own voice
Dept. for Speech, Music and Hearing Quarterly Progress and Status Report Masking effects of one s own voice Gauffin, J. and Sundberg, J. journal: STL-QPSR volume: 15 number: 1 year: 1974 pages: 035-041
More informationHearing Lectures. Acoustics of Speech and Hearing. Auditory Lighthouse. Facts about Timbre. Analysis of Complex Sounds
Hearing Lectures Acoustics of Speech and Hearing Week 2-10 Hearing 3: Auditory Filtering 1. Loudness of sinusoids mainly (see Web tutorial for more) 2. Pitch of sinusoids mainly (see Web tutorial for more)
More informationCars for Deaf People
International Review of Applied Engineering Research. ISSN 2248-9967 Volume 4, Number 4 (2014), pp. 307-312 Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com/iraer.htm Cars for Deaf People Aniket
More informationHearing. istockphoto/thinkstock
Hearing istockphoto/thinkstock Audition The sense or act of hearing The Stimulus Input: Sound Waves Sound waves are composed of changes in air pressure unfolding over time. Acoustical transduction: Conversion
More informationAUDL GS08/GAV1 Signals, systems, acoustics and the ear. Pitch & Binaural listening
AUDL GS08/GAV1 Signals, systems, acoustics and the ear Pitch & Binaural listening Review 25 20 15 10 5 0-5 100 1000 10000 25 20 15 10 5 0-5 100 1000 10000 Part I: Auditory frequency selectivity Tuning
More informationDiagnostic Ultrasound. Sutiporn Khampunnip, M.D.
Diagnostic Ultrasound Sutiporn Khampunnip, M.D. Definition of Ultrasound Ultrasound is simply sound waves, like audible sound. High-frequency sound and refers to mechanical vibrations above 20 khz. Human
More informationSenses and Sense Organs
Senses and Sense Organs SENSORY SYSTEMS Human experience is effected by both internal and external stimuli. Humans are able to distinguish among many different types of stimuli by means of a highly developed
More informationCONTRIBUTION OF DIRECTIONAL ENERGY COMPONENTS OF LATE SOUND TO LISTENER ENVELOPMENT
CONTRIBUTION OF DIRECTIONAL ENERGY COMPONENTS OF LATE SOUND TO LISTENER ENVELOPMENT PACS:..Hy Furuya, Hiroshi ; Wakuda, Akiko ; Anai, Ken ; Fujimoto, Kazutoshi Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Kyoritsu University
More informationwhether or not the fundamental is actually present.
1) Which of the following uses a computer CPU to combine various pure tones to generate interesting sounds or music? 1) _ A) MIDI standard. B) colored-noise generator, C) white-noise generator, D) digital
More informationContributions of the piriform fossa of female speakers to vowel spectra
Contributions of the piriform fossa of female speakers to vowel spectra Congcong Zhang 1, Kiyoshi Honda 1, Ju Zhang 1, Jianguo Wei 1,* 1 Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cognitive Computation and Application,
More informationPLEASE DO NOT REMOVE THIS PAGE
Thank you for downloading this document from the RMIT Research Repository. The RMIT Research Repository is an open access database showcasing the research outputs of RMIT University researchers. RMIT Research
More informationSound (11-16) Click here to buy the clear version of Sound (11-16). This pdf file can be downloaded and used on your PC or tablet.
Sound (11-16) Click here to buy clear version of Sound (11-16). This pdf file can be downloaded and used on your PC or tablet. NOT AVAILABLE YET TEST PAGES ONLY Contents Topic Page Contents Page Sound
More informationIntro to Audition & Hearing
Intro to Audition & Hearing Lecture 16 Chapter 9, part II Jonathan Pillow Sensation & Perception (PSY 345 / NEU 325) Fall 2017 1 Sine wave: one of the simplest kinds of sounds: sound for which pressure
More informationDiscrete Signal Processing
1 Discrete Signal Processing C.M. Liu Perceptual Lab, College of Computer Science National Chiao-Tung University http://www.cs.nctu.edu.tw/~cmliu/courses/dsp/ ( Office: EC538 (03)5731877 cmliu@cs.nctu.edu.tw
More informationThe role of low frequency components in median plane localization
Acoust. Sci. & Tech. 24, 2 (23) PAPER The role of low components in median plane localization Masayuki Morimoto 1;, Motoki Yairi 1, Kazuhiro Iida 2 and Motokuni Itoh 1 1 Environmental Acoustics Laboratory,
More informationProceedings of Meetings on Acoustics
Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics Volume 19, 13 http://acousticalsociety.org/ ICA 13 Montreal Montreal, Canada - 7 June 13 Engineering Acoustics Session 4pEAa: Sound Field Control in the Ear Canal 4pEAa13.
More information3-D Sound and Spatial Audio. What do these terms mean?
3-D Sound and Spatial Audio What do these terms mean? Both terms are very general. 3-D sound usually implies the perception of point sources in 3-D space (could also be 2-D plane) whether the audio reproduction
More informationVoice Pitch Control Using a Two-Dimensional Tactile Display
NTUT Education of Disabilities 2012 Vol.10 Voice Pitch Control Using a Two-Dimensional Tactile Display Masatsugu SAKAJIRI 1, Shigeki MIYOSHI 2, Kenryu NAKAMURA 3, Satoshi FUKUSHIMA 3 and Tohru IFUKUBE
More informationTwo Modified IEC Ear Simulators for Extended Dynamic Range
Two Modified IEC 60318-4 Ear Simulators for Extended Dynamic Range Peter Wulf-Andersen & Morten Wille The international standard IEC 60318-4 specifies an occluded ear simulator, often referred to as a
More informationIntroduction to Biomedical Imaging
Alejandro Frangi, PhD Computational Imaging Lab Department of Information & Communication Technology Pompeu Fabra University www.cilab.upf.edu Basic principles. Comparison to X-rays Ultrasound > 20kHz
More informationDigital. hearing instruments have burst on the
Testing Digital and Analog Hearing Instruments: Processing Time Delays and Phase Measurements A look at potential side effects and ways of measuring them by George J. Frye Digital. hearing instruments
More informationHEARING AND PSYCHOACOUSTICS
CHAPTER 2 HEARING AND PSYCHOACOUSTICS WITH LIDIA LEE I would like to lead off the specific audio discussions with a description of the audio receptor the ear. I believe it is always a good idea to understand
More informationFatigue Crack Detection on Unique Church Bells by Modal Analysis
19 th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing 2016 Fatigue Crack Detection on Unique Church Bells by Modal Analysis Andreas RUPP 1, Michael PLITZNER 1 1 Hochschule Kempten, Kempten, Germany Contact
More informationMusic and the Problem With Hearing Aids
Music and the Problem With Hearing Aids Marshall Chasin Musicians Clinics of Canada Ontario, Canada Disclosure: Marshall Chasin has no financial or nonfinancial relationships related to the content of
More informationThe Hearwig as hearing protector for musicians a practical investigation
12th ICBEN Congress on Noise as a Public Health Problem The Hearwig as hearing protector for musicians a practical investigation Andrea Wolff 1 1 Institute for occupational Safety and Health of the German
More informationBiodynamic Response To Random Whole Body Vibration In Standing Posture
Biodynamic Response To Random Whole Body Vibration In Standing Posture Vikas Kumar a, V.H. Saran b and RajKumar Pawar c Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology,
More informationResearch on a Transmit-Receive Method of Ultrasonic Array for Planar Defects
7 th Asia-Pacific Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring November 12-15, 2018 Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China Research on a Transmit-Receive Method of Ultrasonic Array for Planar Defects Zhenggan Zhou 1,2,3
More informationUltrasound Knobology
Ultrasound Knobology Raj Dasgupta MD, FACP, FCCP, FASSM Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine Pulmonary / Critical Care / Sleep Medicine University of Southern California (USC) Objectives Physics of
More informationstudy. The subject was chosen as typical of a group of six soprano voices methods. METHOD
254 J. Physiol. (I937) 9I, 254-258 6I2.784 THE MECHANISM OF PITCH CHANGE IN THE VOICE BY R. CURRY Phonetics Laboratory, King's College, Neweastle-on-Tyne (Received 9 August 1937) THE object of the work
More informationAuditory System & Hearing
Auditory System & Hearing Chapters 9 and 10 Lecture 17 Jonathan Pillow Sensation & Perception (PSY 345 / NEU 325) Spring 2015 1 Cochlea: physical device tuned to frequency! place code: tuning of different
More informationHearing and Balance 1
Hearing and Balance 1 Slide 3 Sound is produced by vibration of an object which produces alternating waves of pressure and rarefaction, for example this tuning fork. Slide 4 Two characteristics of sound
More informationADHEAR The new bone-conduction hearing aid innovation
ADHEAR The new bone-conduction hearing aid innovation MED-EL has world-wide launched a new kind of hearing aid, ADHEAR, for people who have an hearing impairment and want to prevent surgery. This little
More informationHearing. Figure 1. The human ear (from Kessel and Kardon, 1979)
Hearing The nervous system s cognitive response to sound stimuli is known as psychoacoustics: it is partly acoustics and partly psychology. Hearing is a feature resulting from our physiology that we tend
More informationThe Ear. The ear can be divided into three major parts: the outer ear, the middle ear and the inner ear.
The Ear The ear can be divided into three major parts: the outer ear, the middle ear and the inner ear. The Ear There are three components of the outer ear: Pinna: the fleshy outer part of the ear which
More informationHow the LIVELab helped us evaluate the benefits of SpeechPro with Spatial Awareness
How the LIVELab helped us evaluate the benefits of SpeechPro with Author Donald Hayes, Ph.D. Director, Clinical Research Favorite sound: Blues guitar A Sonova brand Figure The LIVELab at McMaster University
More informationLecture 9: Sound Localization
Lecture 9: Sound Localization Localization refers to the process of using the information about a sound which you get from your ears, to work out where the sound came from (above, below, in front, behind,
More informationProduct Model #: Digital Portable Radio XTS 5000 (Std / Rugged / Secure / Type )
Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1998, Section 508 Subpart 1194.25 Self-Contained, Closed Products The following features are derived from Section 508 When a timed response is required alert user, allow
More information26.1 The Origin of Sound
Chapter 26: Sound 26.1 The Origin of Sound All sounds are produced by the vibrations of material objects. Piano, violin, guitar: vibrating strings Saxophone: vibrating reed Flute: vibrating air around
More informationUltrasound Physics & Doppler
Ultrasound Physics & Doppler Endocrine University 2018 Mark Lupo, MD, FACE, ECNU Objectives Review the essential components of ultrasound physics in neck sonography Demonstrate the importance of ultrasound
More informationTHE CONTROL OF NOISE AT WORK REGULATIONS Guidance for Pub and Bar Operators
THE CONTROL OF NOISE AT WORK REGULATIONS 2005 Guidance for Pub and Bar Operators To avoid duplication reference is made throughout this guidance to Sound Advice comprehensive guidance for the music and
More informationHearing in the Environment
10 Hearing in the Environment Click Chapter to edit 10 Master Hearing title in the style Environment Sound Localization Complex Sounds Auditory Scene Analysis Continuity and Restoration Effects Auditory
More informationDevelopment of Ultrasound Based Techniques for Measuring Skeletal Muscle Motion
Development of Ultrasound Based Techniques for Measuring Skeletal Muscle Motion Jason Silver August 26, 2009 Presentation Outline Introduction Thesis Objectives Mathematical Model and Principles Methods
More informationPart names of Horn mouthpieces
Part names of a mouthpiece Frame formats of mouthpiece are shown below. It deepens your understanding to look over them while you are reading this handbook. Part names of Trumpet mouthpieces Part names
More informationDo you think the ultrasound experiments on mice were justified?
Q1.(a) Explain what ultrasound is. (b) Ultrasound is used for pre-natal scanning. This is much safer than using X-rays. However, doctors were only sure ultrasound was safe after experiments on mice. Do
More informationFlaw Assessment Using Shear wave Phased array Ultrasonic Transducer
18th World Conference on Nondestructive Testing, 16-20 April 2012, Durban, South Africa Flaw Assessment Using Shear wave Phased array Ultrasonic Transducer Byungsik YOON AUTHOR 1, Hee-Jong LEE CO-AUTHOR
More informationSound and Music. Acoustical Society of America 2
Sound and Music Acoustical Society of America 2 What is Sound? Sit quietly and listen to the sounds around you. Today you will be Sound Detectives 3 What is Sound? Strike the tuning fork with a rubber
More informationAuditory Scene Analysis
1 Auditory Scene Analysis Albert S. Bregman Department of Psychology McGill University 1205 Docteur Penfield Avenue Montreal, QC Canada H3A 1B1 E-mail: bregman@hebb.psych.mcgill.ca To appear in N.J. Smelzer
More informationUltrasonic Testing Level I:
Ultrasonic Testing Level I: 1- Sound Wave - Introduction - ASNT Level I - Sound Wave Propagation - Velocity / Frequency / Wave Length - Acoustic Impedance - Energy / Intensity 2- Ultrasound Wave Modes
More informationULTRASOUND. OB/Gyn (Core) Ultrasound PIEZOELECTRIC EFFECT. Principles of Ultrasound Physics and Instrumentation. Nathan Pinkney, BS, CDOS
1 OB/Gyn (Core) Ultrasound Principles of Ultrasound Physics and Instrumentation Nathan Pinkney, BS, CDOS Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine 2016 ULTRASOUND CATEGORIES OF SOUND INFRASOUND = below
More informationMethods of validation of occupational noise exposure measurement with multi aspect personal sound exposure meter
Proceedings of ACOUSTICS 2016 Methods of validation of occupational noise exposure measurement with multi aspect personal sound exposure meter Marek Podgórski Svantek Sp. z o.o., Warsaw, Poland ABSTRACT
More informationElder Conservatorium of Music Noise Management Plan
Elder Conservatorium of Music Noise Management Plan Authored: Elder Conservatorium of Music in consultation with Ian O'Brien v. 2014-6 Nov 1. Objectives Elder Conservatorium of Music (ECM) is committed
More informationFM SYSTEMS. with the FONIX 6500-CX Hearing Aid Analyzer. (Requires software version 4.20 or above) FRYE ELECTRONICS, INC.
T E S T I N G FM SYSTEMS with the FONIX 6500-CX Hearing Aid Analyzer (Requires software version 4.20 or above) FRYE FRYE ELECTRONICS, INC. P.O. Box 23391 Tigard, OR 97281-3391 (503) 620-2722 (800) 547-8209
More informationCOURSE DESCRIPTION FOR NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING
COURSE DESCRIPTION FOR NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING TULSA, OKLAHOMA INTRODUCTION TO NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING QCT1817 COURSE DESCRIPTION: In this course students will learn about materials and processes, find basic
More informationEffect of microphone position in hearing instruments on binaural masking level differences
Effect of microphone position in hearing instruments on binaural masking level differences Fredrik Gran, Jesper Udesen and Andrew B. Dittberner GN ReSound A/S, Research R&D, Lautrupbjerg 7, 2750 Ballerup,
More informationAvailable online at ScienceDirect. Physics Procedia 87 (2016 ) 35 41
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Physics Procedia 87 (2016 ) 35 41 44th Annual Symposium of the Ultrasonic Industry Association, UIA 44th Symposium, 20-22 April 2015, Washington,
More informationHearing. PSYCHOLOGY (8th Edition, in Modules) David Myers. Module 14. Hearing. Hearing
PSYCHOLOGY (8th Edition, in Modules) David Myers PowerPoint Slides Aneeq Ahmad Henderson State University Worth Publishers, 2007 1 Hearing Module 14 2 Hearing Hearing The Stimulus Input: Sound Waves The
More information! Can hear whistle? ! Where are we on course map? ! What we did in lab last week. ! Psychoacoustics
2/14/18 Can hear whistle? Lecture 5 Psychoacoustics Based on slides 2009--2018 DeHon, Koditschek Additional Material 2014 Farmer 1 2 There are sounds we cannot hear Depends on frequency Where are we on
More informationAnnular Array Transducer and Matched Amplifier for Therapeutic Ultrasound
ARCHIVES OF ACOUSTICS 35, 4, 653 660 (2010) DOI: 10.2478/v10168-010-0049-6 Annular Array Transducer and Matched Amplifier for Therapeutic Ultrasound Wojciech SECOMSKI, Andrzej NOWICKI, Janusz WÓJCIK, Marcin
More informationPC BASED AUDIOMETER GENERATING AUDIOGRAM TO ASSESS ACOUSTIC THRESHOLD
Volume 119 No. 12 2018, 13939-13944 ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.ijpam.eu ijpam.eu PC BASED AUDIOMETER GENERATING AUDIOGRAM TO ASSESS ACOUSTIC THRESHOLD Mahalakshmi.A, Mohanavalli.M,
More information