VII. RESULTS In the present study 249 species of plants included in 202 genera and 81 families (Fig.2) have been recorded which are being potentially
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1 VII. RESULTS In the present study 249 species of plants included in 202 genera and 81 families (Fig.2) have been recorded which are being potentially exploited by Jatapu tribals as ethno medicinal plants and other useful plants. Out of the 81 families, Fabaceae was found to be ethno botanically dominant with 16 species used in curing various ailments and other uses, followed by Euphorbiaceae (11); Caesalpiniaceae (9), Mimosaceae (9) Rutaceae (8) Lamiaceae (7) Malvaceae (7); Asteraceae, Rubiacea and Verbenaceae (6 each); Solanaceae, Poaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Moraceae, Anacardiaceae and Zingiberaceae (5 each); Acanthaceae, Convolvulaceae, Liliaceae (4 each) and other ranging from 1-3 species respectively. Of the 249 species, 245 were Angiosperms followed by 3 species of pteridophytes (1.29%). Among angiosperms 217 species are dicotyledons (87.1%) and 28 (11.2%) are monocotyledons (Fig. 3). Based on morphological classification, habit-wise, 79 are herbs (31.7%) followed by shrubs 33(13.3%), 89 trees (35.7%) and 48 climbers (19.3%) (Fig.4). Out of 249 plant species, 199 species are used in ethnomedicine. Jatapu tribes collect the medicinal herbs in the form of whole plants, leaves, fruits, bark, seed, tubers, roots, flowers, corms, gum, resin, inflorescence, latex, rhizome etc., and use them in the preparation of medicines. Among the 199 plant species, they use leaf from 176 species followed by root (132), stem bark (87), whole plant (48), seed (38) root bark (33), fruit and tuber(28) each, flowers (22), latex(12), tender leaf and rhizome (11) each stem (9), inflorescence (8), tubers root (7), gum resin (4), fruit pulp, corm and gynostegium (3 )each and gum (2). Out of the 249 ethno botanically effective plant species 199 are used in ethno medicine shown in Table 2. In these 199 plants 174 are exclusively used for human ailments where as 25 plant species are used for both human and veterinary diseases. These 25 plant species and their parts used by Jatapu tribes in curing 12 veterinary diseases were listed out (table 8). They are used in veterinary diseases like black quarter, bloat/tympana, snake bite,
2 conjuctivities, cuts wounds scars; fractures, galactogogue, haemmorragic septicaeia, Opacity cornea, insecticides, rinder pest, trypna somiasis. These are used for their cattle particularly for cows, oxen, and buffaloes. In the Jatapu tribes there are 37 main types of ailments reported to be cured by different parts of various plants as mentioned below. Each disease is having one or more plant remedies. The diseases and number of plants or their parts used to cure the diseases are Abortion (8) Anemia (4), Anthelmentic (5), Asthma (26), Blood pressure (3) Boils (14), Bone fracture (10) Bronchitis (4) Burns (7), Chest pain (6), Chicken pox (4), Cold (5), Cold& cough (7),Constipation (5), Cough (14), Cuts (5) Dandruff (12), Dysentery (28) Diabetes( 10) Diarrhea (22), Dysmenorrhoea (7) Earache(6), Epilepsy (13) Fever (14), Gonorrhea (8) Headache (12) HIV (8) Jaundice (25) Leucorrhoea (26), Paralysis (9) Piles (5) Rheumatism (12) Rheumatoid arthritis (29), Skin diseases (8) Snake bite (8) Stomach pain (12) Wounds (13). In the diseases mentioned above Rheumatic arthritis has more number of plant remedies (29) followed by dysentery (28), Asthma and Leucorrhoea (26 each), jaundice (25), Diarrhea (22), Cough, Fever and boils (14 each), wounds and epilepsy (13 each), Dandruff, Headache, Rheumatism and Stomach pain (12 each), bone fracture and diabetes (10 each), paralysis (9), Abortion, Gonorrhea, HIV, Skin diseases and snake bite (8 each), Dysmenorrheal, earache, Burns and Cold Cough (7 each), Chest pain and earache (6 each), Anthelmentic, Constipation, Cold, Cuts and Piles (5 each), Bronchitis, Anaemia and Chickenpox, Blood pressure. In present study the plants and their parts used for different diseases in single or as well as in combinations were listed out. Ecliptica prostrata is used in 27 medicinal practices which include treatment for general weakness, where it is used in combination with fruit powder of Phyllanthus emblica; for jaundice with the plant extract of Boerhaavia diffusa and for wrinkles with root of Withania somnifera and in other practices used single plant. Azadirachta indica used in 25 medicinal practices; to treat bone fracture it is used in combination with stem bark of Naravelia zeylanica and the root of Withania 210
3 somnifera; for treatment of constipation used with Piper nigrum and Ricinus communis; for heart problems it is used in combination with stem barks of Phyllanthus emblica, Terminalia bellirica, T. chebula and leaves of Phyllanthus amarus; for mental disorders it is used with leaves of Eclipta prostrata, Aloe vera, Ocimum tenuiflorum and Andrographis paniculata; for spermatorrhoea with leaves of Moringa oleifera and Solena heterophylla; for treatment of Amoebic dysentery it is used in combination with seed powder of Ocimum basilicum and in all others it is used alone. Achyranthus aspera cures 8 ailments and to treat antiemetic and for dysentery it is used in combination with the seeds of Piper nigrum; for chicken pox with the gum resin of Shorea robusta and neem; for jaundice with Careya arborea, Mimosa pudica and Zyziphus mauritiana and in rest of them it is used singly. Chloroxylon sweitenia is used for treating cold, epilepsy, impotency, mosquito repellant, scorpion sting, peripheral neuritis and wounds; for cold it is used in combination with the leaves of Ocimum tenuiflorum and cloves of Allium sativum; to check peripheral neuritis it is used with stem bark of Cleistanthus collinus and mustard seeds. Gymnema sylvestre is used in 5 medicinal practices in all combinations only; for cobra bite it is used in combination with the root of Aristolochia indica and Rhinacanthus nasuta; to check diabetes, with the leaves of Aegle mormelous, Andrographis paniculata, Syzygium cumuni, Zizyphus rugosa and tubers of Corallocarpus epigaeus; for treating tumours, with Phoenix sylvestris and Trichosanthes tricuspidata; to increase milk with Piper longum and in dysentery it is used in combination with the roots of Soymida febrifuga and Careya arborea. Hemidesmus indicus is used to treat 6 ailments; to treat diarrhea it is used in combination with Jatropa curcas and Holarrhena pubescens; for herpes with roots of Aristolochia indica and tubers of Cyperus rotundus; for menstrual disorders and snake bite with Allium sativum and in others it is used singly. Lygodium flexuosum finds, its use in treating anemia, dysmenorrheal, jaundice and stomach pain; for treating dysmenorrheal it is used in combination with black pepper, whereas in others it is used singly. 211
4 Mimosa pudica finds its use in 4 medicinal practices; to treat epilepsy, it is used in combination with Mundulea sericea and Mucuna pruriens; for jaundice with Achyranthus aspera, Zyzyphus mauritiana and Careya arborea and for leucorrhoea, it is used with fruits of Capsicum annum and in others it is used as single. Naringi crenulata is used in three, medicinal practices; for dysentery and puerperal fever it is used in combination with Strychnos potatorum and in others it is used as single. Ocimum tenuiflorum is used to treat 6 diseases; for conjunctivitis and fits it is used with combination of Cassia fistula and Vitex negundo; to treat head ache and jaundice, Cleome gynandra and Eclipta prostrata are combindly used other 2 are used individually. Oroxylum indicum is used to treat antifertility, leucorrhoea and liver enlargement in combination with Spermacoce articularis, Abelmoscus manihot and Amaranthus spinosus and for dysentery it is used alone. Pedalium murex is used for dysmenorrheal in combination with garlic and black pepper; in gonorrhea and menorrhagia it is used as alone Pergularia daemia finds its uses to treat bone fracture, muscle pains in cattle and stomach pain in combination with Plumbago zeylanica, Vanda tesselata, Calotropis procera and black pepper. Piper longum in combination with Calotropis gigantea cures asthma and alone used in puerperal fever and head ache. Rauvolfia serpentina is employed alone in treating blood pressure, fever and in combination it cures heart pain with Alstonia scholaris; leucorrhoea with Clerodendrum serratum, Strychnos nux-vomica and Alstonia scholaris; for snake bite with Kalanchoe pinnata and for stomach pain it is used with roots of Trichosanthes tricuspidata. Ricinus communis is used alone to treat head ache, HIV and with combination of Cassia fistula rheumatoid arthritis. Saraca asoca is used for treating dysentery, irregular menstruation and syphilis; Biophytum nervifolium for fever and rheumatoid arthritis; Benincasa hispida for asthma; Zingeber officinale for cough, anorexia and dyspepsia; Zea mays for warts and Xanthium strumarium for curing cancer and boils. 212
5 Some plants which are available 13 mandals of Srikakulam and Vizianagram district region are promising in curing certain ailments viz., Amorphophallus paeoniifolius for helminthiasis; Justicia adhatoda for diarrhea; Angiopteris evecta for chest pain; Shorea robusta for chicken pox; Gmelina asiatica for wounds; Wattakaka volubilis for snake bite; Argemone mexicana for sperm production; Desmodium pulchellum for epilepsy and Vitex negundo for jaundice. In the remote and rural areas of the district where the modern medical facilities are not available, some plant species with promising ethnobotanical properties are advised to be curing certain common ailments by utilizing the services of local ethnobotanical tribal practitioners or Vaidyas or doctors. Plants used for snake bite by Jatapus: A list of 23 plants which are used by the Jatapu tribal people as antidote for snakebite, the details of plants, plant parts used for snake bite is given in the Table-2. In addition to these plants Jatapus use the plant species Alstonia venenata (s), Aristolochia indica (s), Carissa spinarum ( bark), Celastras paniculatus ( bark), Chloroxylon swietenia( bark), Mimordica dioica(tubers), Tinospora cordifolia(s), Toddalia asiatica( bark) and are used in the mad dog bite/ fox bite/ and rat bite. Wild plants used for material culture About 11 plant species (table- 9) have been used for making agriculture implements and other house construction materials by the Jatapu tribes. Plants used in festivals and rituals. Six plant species are being used by Jatapu tribals in different festivals and rituals (Table- 10). Plants used for fencing Jatapu tribes use 7 plant species (Table- 11) for fencing in their backyards and front side. Non Timber Forest Produce (Minor Forest Produce) The Non Timber Forest Produce plays an important role in the lives of Jatapu tribals. Girijan Co-operative Corporation (GCC) is a statutory organization of the state government of Andhra Pradesh which procures the 213
6 non timber forest produce from the tribal people in the areas of the present study. The GCC organize the weekly shad and collect the Non Timber Forest Produce (NTFP) from the tribals. The list of Non Timber Forest Produce (NTFP) plants is incorporated in the Table -12. Food Plants Jatapu tribes use many plants in the preparation of food in their daily life. 8 plant species are used as leafy vegetables by cooking their tender shoots and leaves in their curries (Table - 3). The wild tubers and yams of Amorphophallus and Dioscorea species are repeatedly washed in running waters and cooked with tamarind juice in the curries (Table - 5). Edible fruit yielding plants are given in Table 4. A special kind porridge prepared by the mango (Mangifera indica) kernels is usually consumed by the Jatapu tribals at the end of the summer season. But Jatapus are the loves drinking the intoxic drinks or toddy s prepared from the plants like Caryota urens, Borrasus flabellifer, Phoenix sylvestries and Madhuca latifilia (Table 6). In addition to these a list of dye yielding plants is given in Table
7 Table-2: PLANTS AND PLANT PARTS USED IN DIFFERENT DISEASES BY THE JATAPU TRIBALS Name of the Plant Family Diseases Part Used Abrus precatorius L. Fabaceae Abortion Cough Dysentery Epilepsy Muscle pain Acacia chundra (Roxb. ex Rottl.) Willd. Rheumatoid s arhritis Mimosaceae Blisters and Boils Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. Mimosaceae Filariasis Stem Bark Leucorrhoea Snake bite Stem Bark Stem Bark Acacia sinuata (Lour.) Merr. Mimosaceae Cataract Dandruf Ophthalmic Diseases Tender Acacia torta (Roxb.) Craib Mimosaceae Fever Stem Bark Whooping Cough Wounds Stem Bark Acalypha indica L. Euphorbiaceae Jaundice Scorpion Sting Achyranthes aspera L. Amaranthaceae Antidote to Animal Bite Antiemetic Dysentery Boils 215
8 Chicken Pox Cough Cuts Jaundice Tender Acorus calamus L. Araceae Cold Rhizome Constipation Rheumatoid Arhritis Rhizome Aegle marmelos L. Correa Rutaceae Cholera Stem Bark Cold Diabetes Diarrhoea Fruit Adiantum lunulatum Burm Adiantum Scorpion sting Rhizome Abortion Diabetes Indigestion Whole Plant Rhizome Fruit pulp Aerva lanata (L.) Juss Amaranthaceae Headache Kidney stones Leucorrhoea Whole Plant Whole Plant Aganosma caryophyllata (Roxb. ex. Sims). Apocynaceae Cuts Wounds Sprains Latex Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Simarubaceae Asthma Bark Alangium salvifolium (L.f.) Wang. Alangiaceae Rheumatoid Arhritis Paralysis Stem Bark Albizia amara (Roxb.) Mimosaceae Boils Flower 216
9 Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. Mimosaceae Boils Flower Eruptions Mouth wash Swelling Ulcers in gums Flower Flower Bark Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. Liliaceae Boils Chest Pain Cold Cough Dandruff Leucorrhoea Wounds Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. Apocynaceae Malaria Rheumatoid arhritis Alstonia venenata R.Br. Apocynaceae Anthelmintic Ste bark Alternanthera sessilis (L.) DC. Amaranthaceae Bone Fracture Whole Plant Emetics Eye complaints Whole Plant Amaranthus viridis L. Amaranthaceae Dyspepsia Amorphophallus paeoniifolius(dennst.) Pimples Fruit Araceae Bone Fracture Corm var. campanulatus (Decne.) Sivadasan Earache Helminthiasis Corm Corm Anacardium occidentale L. Anacardiaceae Rheumatoid Arhritis Flower, Fruit 217
10 Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Acanthaceae Asthma Stem Deworming Diabetes Luecorrhoea Malaria Roo, Annona reticulata L. Annonaceae Worms Annona squamosa L. Annonaceae Abortion Antidote to Snake bite Asthma Bark Bark Anogeissus acuminata Wall. Combretaceae Dysentery Anogeissus latifolia Roxb. Combretaceae Cough Snake bite Urinary problems Gum Argemone mexicana L. Papaveraceae Fever Malaria Spermatorrhoea Roo bark Argyreia nervosa (Burm. f.) Convolvulaceae Boils Rheumatoid Arhritis Arisaema tortuosum (Wall.) Araceae Headache Tuber Rheumatoid Arhritis Tuber Aristolochia indica L. Aristolochiaceae Dirrhoea Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. Snake bite Moraceae Skin diseases Tender Tuberculosls Fruit 218
11 Asparagus racemosus Willd. Liliaceae Brochitis Urinary problems Diabetes Fertility Tumours in Stomach Wounds Tuberous root Tuberous root Tuberous root Tuberous root Tuberous root Tuberous root Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Meliaceae Allergy Tender 219 Amoebic dysentery Appetite Bone Fracture Bone fracture of cattle Chicken Pox Cold and cough Constipation Contraception Contraction of uterus Dandruf f Diabetes Eczema Heart pain Intermittent fever Stem Bark Flower Stem Bark bark Flower
12 Jaundice Kidney stones Leprosy Mental disorders Rat bite Rheumatism Ringworm Spermatorrhoea Stomach pain Flower bark Stomach pain in cattle Azima tetracantha Lam. Salvadoraceae Asthma Baliospermum montanum Muell. Arg. Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Willd. Rheumatism Euphorbiaceae Rheumatism Stomach ache Poaceae Anthelmintic Blood purifier Leucoderma Stem, Stem, Barleria strigosa Willd. Acanthaceae Tuberculosis Barringtonia acutangula L. Barringtoniaceae Headache Peripheral neuritis Rheumatism Bauhinia purpurea L. Caesalpiniaceae Dysentery Bark Rheumatoid Arhritis Bauhinia racemosa Lam. Caesalpiniaceae Asthma Diarrhoea bark 220
13 Ophthalmic Diseases Tender Bauhinia vahlii Wight & Arm. Caesalpiniaceae Dysentery Syphilis Wounds Bark, leaf Benincasa hispida Thunb. Cucurbitaceae Asthma Bixa orellana L. Bixaceae Fever bark Intermittent fever Boerhavia diffusa L. Nyctaginaceae HIV Whole Plant Leucorrhoea Whole Plant Bombax ceiba L. Bonbacaceae Leucorrhoea Menstrual Disorders Skin diseases Borassus flabellifer Murr. Arecaeae Earache Muscle Pain bark Tender petiole Stem Bridelia retusa (L.) Spreng Euphorbiaceae Chest pain Rheumatoid Arhritis Buchanania lanzan Spreng Anacardiaceae Boils Diarrhoea Butea monosperma Lam. Fabaceae Antifertility Post natal care Butea superba Roxb. Fabaceae Haematuria Rheumatoid Arhritis Caesalpinia bonduc L. Caesalpiniaceae Abortion 221
14 Black Quarter diseases Calotropis gigantea (L.) R.Br. Epilepsy bark Asclepiadaceae Leucorrhoea Rabies Latex Stomach pain Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br. Asclepiadaceae Antidote to Snake bite Latex Antiperiodic Gynostegium Rheumatoid Arhritis Latex Cancer Gynostegium Constipation Cold and cough Gynostegium Dislocation of Naval Latex Earache Epilepsy Flower Gastroenteritis Flower Gingivitis Tuberculosls Latex Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC. Fabaceae Diarrhoea Canthium parviflorum Lam., Rubiaceae Rheumatoid Arhritis Constipation Capparis zeylanica L. Capparidaceae Earache bark Paralysis bark Cardiospermum halicacabum L. Tuberculosls bark Sapindaceae Burns 222
15 Leucorrhoea Carissa spinarum L. Apocynaceae Leucorrhoea Snake bite Stomach pain Caryota urens L. Arecaeae Aphrodisiac Inflorescence Dandruff Nut Cassia absus L. Caesalpiniaceae Asthma Flower Cough Cassia alata L. Caesalpiniaceae Asthma Flower Cassia auriculata L. Caesalpiniaceae Burns Ophthalmic Diseases Cassia fistula L. Caesalpiniaceae Chest pain Conjuctivitis Dysentery Dysopia Fruit Cassia occidentalis L. Ceasalpinaceae Anthelmintic Boils Jaundice Paralysis Skin diseases Cassytha filiformis L. Lauraceae Hydrocele Whole Plant Muscle Pain Stem Celastrus paniculatus Wild. Celastraceae Leucorrhoea bark Rheumatoid Arthritis Celosia argentea L. Amarnthaceae Haemorrhoids Inflorescence Uterine bleeding Inflorescence 223
16 Centella asiatica (L.) Urban. Apiaceae Anaemia HIV Jaundice Whole Plant Whole Plant Chlorophytum arundinaceum Baker Memory Liliaceae Hydrocele Tuber Wounds Ulcers Tuber Tuber Chloroxylon swietenia DC. Flindersiaceae Cold Epilepsy Impotency Mosquito repellant Scorpion sting Peripheral neuritis Wounds bark Stem leaf Cissampelos pareira L. Menispermaceae Chest pain Intestinal worms Cissus quadrangularis (L.) Vitaceae Fever Stem, leaf Headache Stem Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb.) Euphorbiaceae Suicide Cleome gynandra L. Cleomaceae Headache Peptic ulcer Cleome viscosa L. Capparidaceae Earache Intermittent fever Wounds Clerodendrum serratum L Verbenaceae Analgesic Fever Menstral disorders 224
17 Cocculus hirsutus (L.) Diels Cochlospermum religiosum (L.) Rheumatoid Menispermaceae Arthritis Cochlospermaceae Bone fracture Dandruf Coldenia procumbens L. Boraginaceae Cuts Eczema Epilepsy Psoriasis Costus speciosus Koenig Costaceae Abortion Rhizome Crataeva magna (Lour.) DC. Chicken Pox Rhizome Capparaceae Gastric troubles bark Urinary troubles Crotalaria verrucosa L. Fabaceae Impetigo Cryptolepis buchanani Roem. Scabies Asclepiadaceae Diarrhoea Galactagogue Irregular menstruation Curculigo orchioides Gaertn Hypoxidaceae Cuts Irregular menstruation Tuber Piles Tuber Curcuma longa L. Zingiberaceae Rheumatoid Arthritis Rhizome Curcuma pseudomontana Graham. Skin diseases Rhizome Zingiberaceae Diabetes Tuber 225
18 Galactagogue Jaundice Tuber Tuber Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Cuscutaceae Epilepsy Tongue ulcer Cynodon dactylon Pers. Poaceae Dysuria Piles Cyperus rotundus L. Cyperaceae Diarrhoea Tuber Intermittent fever Tuber Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. Fabaceae Fever Nerprosy Leucoderma, leaf Dalbergia paniculata Roxb. Fabaceae Swellings Datura innoxia Mill. Solanaceae Asthma Rheumatoid Arthritis Datura metal L. Solanaceae Asthma Rheumatoid Arthritis Delonix regia (Boj. ex Hook) Ceasalpiniaceae Dysmenorrhoea Flower Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Dendrophthoe falcate (L.f.) Ett. Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC Poaceae Abortion Tender leaf Loranthaceae Asthma Leucorrhoea Bone fracture Fabaceae Acidity Boils and Blisters 226
19 Desmodium pulchellum L. Fabaceae Epilepsy Dillenia pentagyna Roxb: Dilleniaceae Rheumatoid Arthritis Dioscorea bulbifera L. Dioscoredaceae Sterillity Tuber Dioscorea oppositifolia L. Dioscoredaceae Fractures Tuber Dioscorea pentaphylla L. Dioscoredaceae Rheumatoid Arthritis Tuber Diospyros chloroxylon Roxb. Ebenaceae Diarrhoea Fractures Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Menstral disorders Tender leaf Ebenaceae Cold & Cough Diarrhoea Fractures Tender leaf Unripe fruit Diplocyclos palmatus (L.) Cucurbitaceae Fertility Ticks Fruit Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. Mant Asteraceae Acidity Alopecia Body Pain Boils Bronchitis Burns Constipation Diarrhoea & Dysentery Eczema Fever 227
20 General Weakness Gingivitis Haemorrhoids Hair Fail High Blood Pressure Jaundice Liver Enlargement Loss of Appetite Palpitation of heart Paronychia Pimples Premature graying of hair Spleen enlargement Urinary tract infections Weakness of Vision Wound Wrinkles Plant Plant Elephantopus scaber L. Asteraceae Anthelmintic Diarrhoea Eczema Stomach pain Elytraria acaulis (L.f.) Acanthaceae Anasarca Boils Menstrual disorders Tuberous root Entada pursaetha DC Mimosaceae Rheumatism Erythrina suberosa Roxb. Fabaceae Desentery 228
21 Erythrina variegata L. Fabaceae Cold & Cough Intestinal worms Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Myrtaceae Antiseptic Bronchitis Euphorbia hirta L. Euphorbiaceae Dysentery Leucorrhoea Rheumatism Evolvulus alsinoides L. Convolvulaceae Jaundice Evolvulus nummularius (L.) Convolvulaceae Burns Fever Ficus bengalensis L. Moraceae Boils Latex Leucorrhoea Rheumatism Bark Ficus racemosa L. Moraceae Diarrhoea Leucorrhoea Rheumatism Fruit Latex Ficus religiosa L. Moraceae Diarrhoea Gonorrhoea Bark Flacourtia indica (Burm. f.) Merr. Paralysis Flacourtiaceae Bronchial Allergy Jaundice Garuga pinnata Roxb. Burseraceae Stomach pain Gloriosa superba L. Liliaceae Asthma Rheumatism Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz) DC Rutaceae Conjuctivitis Fruit Peripheral neuritis Gmelina arborea Roxb Verbenaceae Chest pain 229
22 Cough Gonorrhoea Ulcer Gmelina asiatica L. Verbenaceae Dandruff Fruit Leprosy Toothache Wounds Fruit Grewia hirsuta Vahl Tiliaceae Leucorrhoea Grewia tiliaefolia Vahl Tiliaceae Lice Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R. Br. Fractures bark Asclepiadaceae Cobrabite Diabetes Dysentery Galactogogue Tumours Haldinia cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsd. Rubiaceae Leucorrhoea Scrpion sting Wounds Helicteres isora L. Sterculiaceae Dysentery Fruit Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. Snakebite Asclepiadaceae Diarrhoea Hemionites arifolia Juss Fever Galactogogue Menstrual disorders Snakebite 230
23 Hibiscus cannabinus L. Malvaceae Abortion Flower Purgative Hibiscus micranthus L. Malvaceae Dandruff Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. Malvaceae Boils Bronchitis Dandruff Epilepsy Leucorrhoea Flower Holarrhena pubescens Wall. Apocynaceae Asthma Bark Desentery Stomach pain Holoptelea integrifolia Roxb. Ulmaceae Abortion bark Abscess Blisters Bone fracture Peripheral neuritis Hybanthus enneaspermus L. Violaceae Impotency Rhematoid arthritis Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poir Lamiaceae Fever Ulcer Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.) R.Br. Apocynaceae Epilepsy Haemorrhage Ipomoea carnea Jacq. Convolvulaceae Rhematoid arthritis Ixora pavetta Andrews. Rubiaceae Jaundice Muscle pain Skin disease /Stem bark Jatropha curcas L. Euphorbiacae Burns Latex 231
24 Cough Desentery Jatropha gossypifolia L. Euphorbiaceae Bone fracture Leucorrhoea Peralysis Justicia adhatoda Medik. Acanthaceae Cough Diarrhoea Throat infection, Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Crassulaceae Boils Cough Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. Diarrhoea Lythraceae Dysentery Tender leaf Fever Rheumatism bark Lannea coromandelica Houtt. Stomach pain Anacardiaceae Cuts Gastric troubles Mosquito repellant Gum Lantana camara (L.) Mold. Verbenaceae Rheumatoid arthritis Tender stem Lawsonia inermis L. Lythraceae Jaundice Leucorrhoea Motions bark Syphilis Leas Leonotis nepetiifolia (L.) Lamiaceae Breast pain Inflorescence Burns Wounds Flower Inflorescence Leucas aspera (Willd.) Link. Lamiaceae Rhematoid arthritis 232
25 Limonia acidissima L. Rutaceae Rhematoid arthritis Limonia elephantum (Correa) Lygodium flexuosum (L.) Sw. Rutaceae Dandruff Fruit pulp Whooping cough bark Lygodiaceae Anaemia Dysmenorrhoea Jaundice Stomach pain Madhuca indica J. Gmel. Sapotaceae Asthma Flower Leucorrhoea Madhuca longifolia (Koen.) Sapotaceae Dysmenorrhoea Lactation Sprains Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Muell. Stomach pain Euphorbiaceaae Anthelmintic Fruit Bruises Eruptions Wounds, Bark Fruit Mangifera indica L. Anacardiaceae Boils Gum, Resin Fluent Talk Jaundice Leucorrhoea Bud,, Flower Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Sapotaceae Body Pain Headache Piles Throat infection 233
26 Martynia annua L. Martyniaceae Bronchitis Memecylon umbellatum Burm. f. Headache Melastomaceae Leucorrhoea bark Mimosa pudica L. Mimosaceae Epilepsy Jaundice Tender leaf Leucorrhoea Malaria fever Mirabilis jalapa L. Nyctntahceae Chest and muscle pain Tuber Tumours Tuber Momordica charantia L. Cucurbitaceae Diabetes Fruit Jaundice Leucorrhoea Peptic ucer Momordica dioica Roxb. Cucurbitaceae Burns Dandruff Jaundice Rib muscle pain Snakebite Tuber Tuber Tuber Moringa oleifera Lam. Moringaceae Blood Pressure Bruises Cold & Cough Eyesight Mucuna pruriens (L.) Fabaceae Dysmenorrhoea Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. Epilepsy Rutaceae Colic Dysentery bark 234
27 Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack. Rutaceae Anaemia Peralysis Musa paradisiacal L. Musaceae Cold & Cough Diarrhoea Desentery Impotency Fruit Fruit Rhizome Naravelia zeylanica (L.) DC Ranunculaceae Cold Toothache Stem Naringi crenulata (Roxb.) Rutaceae Dysentery Stem Bark Intestinal worms Puerperal fever Fruit Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Neluboceae Conjuctivitis Inflorescence Diarrhoea Rhizome Nicotiana tabacum L. Solanaceae Asthma Flower Nyctanthus arbor-tristis L. Nyctntahceae Dandruff Malaria fever Muscle pain Ocimum americanum L. Lamiaceae Fits Migraine Wounds Ocimum basilicum L. Lamiaceae Diarrhoea Ocimum tenuiflorum L. Lamiaceae Conjuctivitis Fits Gastric troubles Headache Jaundice Rheumatism 235
28 Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth. Bignoniaceae Antifertility bark Desentery Leucorrhoea bark Orthosiphon rubicundus Don Liver enlargement Lamiaceae Diarrhoea tuber Gonorrhoea Piles tuber Tuber Pandanus fascicularis Lam. Pandanaceae Insect repellant Spathe Skin disease Sterility Inflorescence Passiflora foetida L. Passifloraceae Headache Scabies Pavetta indica L. Rubiaceae Blisters Epilepsy Jaundice Urinary problems Jaundice bark, Pedalium murex L. Pedaliaceae Dysmenorrhoea Gonorrhoea Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. Menorrhagia Asclepiadaceae Bone fracture Muscle pains in Cattle Stomach pain Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb. Arecaceae Asthma tuber Cooling and Inflorescence 236
29 Intoxicant Toothache Phyllanthus amarus Schum. Euphorbiacae Jaundice Scalp infection Scorpion sting Toothache Phyllanthus emblica L. Euphorbiacae Bone fracture Stem HIV Scury Skin disease Fruit Fruit Stomach ulcer Fruit Piper longum L. Piperaceae Asthma Fruit Headache Puerperal fever Fruit Piper nigrum L. Piperaceae Cold & Cough leaf Emetics Toothache Plumbago zeylanica L. Plumbaginaceae Abortion Fits HIV Ring worms Plumeria alba L. Apocynaceae Rhematoid arthritis Latex Pongamia pinnata (L.) Mierre. Fabaceae Cough Diarrhoea Gonorrhoea Peripheral neuritis Rhematoid arthritis bark Pterocarpus marsupium Fabaceae Conception 237
30 Roxb. Desentery Bark Pterospermum xylocarpum (Gaertn.) Piles Sterculiaceae Asthma Bark Dandruff and Lice Whooping cough Pueraria tuberosa Roxb. Fabaceae Peptic ulcer Tuber Rhematoid arthritis Tuber Rauvolfia serpentina L. Apocynaceae Fever Heart pain Snakebite Stomach pain Rauvolfia tetraphylla L. Apocynaceae Blood Pressure bark Ricinus communis L. Euphorbiaceae Headache HIV Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Rubia cordifolia L. Rubiaceae Eczema Giddness Inflammation Stomach pain Ulcers Saccharum spontaneum L Poaceae Eruptions on the skin Sapindus emarginatus Vahl Sapindaceae Asthma Fruit pulp Cooling efect Dandruff and lice Fruit 238
31 Night blind ness Saraca asoca (Roxb.) de Wilde Ceasalpiniaceae Dysentery Flower Syphilis Irregular menustruation Flower Bark Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken Sapindaceae Blood purification Bark Bone fracture Rheumatoid arthritis Snake bite bark Scoparia dulcis L Scrophulariaceae Dysentery / Fever Semecarpus anacardium L.f Anacardiaceae Abdominal swellings Cracks, Cuts Pericarp of fruit Rheumatoid arthritis Ulcers and wounds Wounds of cattle Sesamum indicum L Pedaliaceae Burnsand cuts Dental problems Shorea robusta Gaertn. f. Dipterocarpaceae Amoebic dysentery Gum resin Chest pain Chicken pox Dysentery Gum resin Gum resin Gonorrhoea Resin Sida acuta Burm.f. Malvaceae Boils, Cuts, Wounds Scorpion sting 239
32 Sida cordata (Burm.f.) Borrss Malvaceae Dysentery HIV Paralysis Sida cordifolia L Malvaceae Dysentery Dysmenorrhoea Sexual potenncy Smilax zeylanica Smilacaceae Paralysis Tuber Sperm production Ulcers and wounds Tuber Tuber veneral diseases tuber Solanum nigrum L. Solanaceae Gonorrhoea Swellings Solanum surattense Burm.f. Solanaceae Jaundice bark Toothache Soymida febrifuga( Roxb.) A.Juss Meliaceae Dysmenorrhoea HIV Dyspepsia Rheumatism Bark Sphaeranthus indicus L Asteraceae Anthelmentic seed Diarrhoea Stachytarpeta jamaicensis Salis b Verbenaceae Antidote to snake bite Cuts and wounds Sterculia urens Roxb. Sterculiaceae Fertility bark Rheumatoid arthritis Sterblus aspera Lour Moraceae Rheumatoid arthritis 240
33 Strychnos nux vomica L. Loganiaceae Asthma Dysentery Strychnos potatorum L.f. Loganiaceae Blood pressure Cough Water purification Syzygium cumini L.Skeels Myrtaceae Burm and wounds cough Diabetes Dysentery Tamarindus indica L Ceasalpiniaceae Asthma Bark Back pain Jaundice Weak ness Menorrhagia Fruit Flower Fruit Fruit Tarenna asiatica L. Rubiaceae Dysentery Emetics Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers Fabaceae Fever Paralysis Stomach pain Terminalia arjuna Roxb. Combretaceae Asthma Bark Diabetes Terminalia bellica (Gaertn) Roxb. Combretaceae Asthma Fruit Leucorrhoea Fruit Terminalia chebula Retz. Combretaceae Cough Fruit Fish poison Tinospora cordifolia (Wild) Miers Menispermaceae Black quarter disease 241
34 in cattle HIV Toddalia asiatica L. Rutaceae Anaemia Dysentery Fox, mad dog bite Galactogogue bark Trema orientalis L Ulmaceae Epilepsy bark Mouth diseas of cattle Tribulus terrestris L Zygophyllaceae Jaundice Sterility Urinary problem Trichosanthes tricuspidata Lour Cucurbitaceae Timpany in cattle Tuber Earache Stomach pain Tuber Tridax procumbens L Asteraceae Cuts and wounds Jaundice Tylophora indica Burn.f.Merr Asclepidaceae Asthma Tender leaf Dysentery Urena lobata L. Malvaceae Anthelmentic Dandruff Vanda tessellata Roxb. Orchidaceae Fractures Skin disease Vernonia cinerea L Asteraceae Leucoderma Malaria Vetiveria zizanioides (L.)Nash Poaceae Allergy 242
35 Dysurea Viscum articulatum Burm.f. Loranthaceae Fractures Stem Vitex nugundo L. Verbenaceae Body swelling Head ache Woodfordia fruticosa L. Lythraceae Diarrhoea Flower Jaundice Bark Leucorrhoea Flower Wrightia arborea (Dennst) Mabb Apocynaceae Manustrual disorders bark Snake bite Latex Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb.) R.Br. Apocynaceae Asthma Latex Obesity Bark Xanthium strumarium L Asteraceae Boils Cancer Xylia xylocarpa (Roxb.) Taub. Mimosaceae Gonorrhoea bark Zingiber officinale Rose. Zinziberaceae Anorexia and dyspepsia Rhizome Cough Rhizome Zingiber roseum (Roxb.) Rose. Zizyphus oenoplia (L.) Mill Zinziberaceae Leucoderma Tuber Rheumatoid arthritis Rhizome Rhamnaceae Hear problem Herpus Ziziphus rugosa Lam Rhamnaceae Diabetes. 243
36 Table-3: PLANTS USED AS LEAFY VEGETABLES BY THE JATAPU TRIBES. S.No. Name of the plant Part used 1. Aerva lanata 2. Alternanthera sessilis Leaves 3. Amaranthus spinosus 4. Amaranthus viridis 5. Bauhinia purpurea Tender leaves 6. Bauhinia racemosa Tender leaves 7. Cissus quadrangularis Leaves 8. Murraya koenigii Leaves Table-4: EDIBLE FRUIT PRODUCE PLANTS USED BY JATAPU TRIBE S.No. Name of the plant Local name 1 Annona reticulata Ramaphalam 2 Annona squamosa Seethaphalam 3 Artocarpus heterophyllus Panasa 4 Borassus flabellifer Tati 5 Canavalia gladiata Thammakaya 6 Canthium parviflorum Balusu 7 Carissa spinarum Vaka 8 Ficus benghalensis Marri 244
37 9 Mangifera indica Mamidi 10 Manilkara hexandra Palachettu 11 Memecylon umbellatum Bogada 12 Momordica charantia Kakara 13 Momordica dioica Agakara 14 Moringa oleifera Mulaga 15 Musa paradisiaca Arati 16 Phyllanthus emblica Usiri 17 Syzygium cuminii Neredu 18 Tamarindus indica Chintha 19 Ziziphus oenoplea Parimi Table-5: WILD TUBERS AND YAMS USED AS FOOD BY JATAPU TRIBES S.No Name of The Plant Local name 1 Amorphophallus paenifolius Adarikonda 2 Asparagus racemosus Pillipeesara 3 Dioscorea bulbifera Adavidumpa 4 Dioscorea oppositifolia Tellagadda 5 Mirabilis jalapa Yerramalli 245
38 Table-6: TODDY YIELDING PLANTS USED BY THE JATAPU TRIBE S.No Name of The Plant Part used 1 Borassus flabellifer Sap 2 Caryota urens Sap 3 Madhuca longifolia Flower buds 4 Phoenix sylvestris sap Table-7: DYE YIELDING PLANTS USED BY THE JATAPU TRIBE S.No Name of The Plant Part used 1 Bixa orellana s 2 Butea monosperma Flowers 3 Butea superba Flowers 4 Mallotus philippensis Fruits Table-8: PLANTS USED IN VETERINARY MEDICINES S.No Disease Name of the plant Part use 1 Antidote for snake bite 2 Black quarter Aristolochia indica Gymnema sylvestre Caesalpinia bonduc Cassia occidentalis Vitex negundo 3 Bloat/Tympany Momordica dioica Tubers 4 Conjuctivities Cassia fistula 246
39 Ocimum tenuiflorum Piper nigrum 5 Cuts, wounds and scars Cissus quadrangularis Cissus quadrangularis Discorea oppositifolia Tuber 6 Fractures Dioscorea pentaphylla Vanda tessellata Viscum articulatum Tuber Stem 7 Galactogogue Toddalia asiatica tuber 8 Haemorrhagic septicaemia Aloe vera 9 Insecticide Cochlospermum religiosum Stem fibre 10 Opacity correa 11 Rinder pest 12 Trypnasomiasis Alangium salvifolium Ricinus communis Abrus precatorius Alangium salvifolium Canavalia gladiata Plumbago zeylanica Andrographis paniculata Azadiracta indica. 247
40 Table-9: AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, HOUSE CONSTRUCTIONS AND THACHING S.no Name of the plant species Local name 1 Acacia nilotica Nalla tumma 2 Anogeissus acuminate Pachichettu 3 Azadirachta indica Vepa 4 Bambusa arundinaceae Mullaveduru 5 Borassus flabellifer Tadi 6 Chloroxylon swietenia Billakarra 7 Dendrocalamus strictus Sada veduru 8 Phoenix sylvestris Eetha 9 Pterocarpus marsupium Yegisa 10 Saccharum spontaneum Rellugaddi 11 Terminalia arjuna Tellamaddi Table -10: PLANTS USED IN FESTIVALS AND RITUALS S.No Name of the plant species Local name 1 Aegle marmelos Maredu 2 Azadirachta indica Vepa 3 Cocus nucifera Kobbari 4 Madhuca longifolia Ippa 248
41 5 Mangifera indica Mamidi 6 Syzygium cumini Neredu Table-11: PLANTS USED FOR FENCING S.NO Name of the plant species Local name 1 Acacia nilotica Nallatumma 2 Alangium salvifolium Uduga 3 Bambusa arundinacea Veduru 4 Caesalpinia crista Gaccha 5 Dendrocalamus strictus Mulla veduru 6 Jatropha curcas Nepalam 7 Justicia adhatoda Addasaram Table-12: NON TIMBER FOREST PRODUCE (MINER FOREST PRODUCE) COLLECTED BY JATAPU TRIBALS. S.NO Name of the plant species Part used 1 Acacia concinna Fruits 2 Bauhinia vahlii Leaves 3 Diospyros melanoxylon Leaves 4 Madhuca longifolia Flowers and seeds 5 Phyllanthus emblica Fruits 249
42 6 Pongamia pinnata s 7 Rauvolfia serpentine s 8 Sapindus emarginatus Fruits 9 Semicarpus anacardium s 10 Shroea robusta Gum 11 Sterculia urens Gum 12 Strychnus nux- vomica s 13 Strychnos potatorum s 14 Tamarindus indica Fruits 15 Terminalia chebula Fruits 16 Tinospora cordifolia Dried roots 17 Xylia xylocarpa Fruits 250
43 Total species Total genera Total families Fig. 2: figure showing the total Ethnobotanical plants Column B 50 0 Dicots Mono cots Gymnosperms Pteridophytes Fig. 3: Life forms of the Ethnobotanical Plants. Trees Climbers Shrubs Herbs Fig. 4: Habit wise analysis of Ethnobotanical plants. 251
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