TYPES OF DISPENSED PREPARATIONS

Transcription

1 TYPES OF DISPENSED PREPARATIONS Dr. Dhaivat C. Parikh Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University

2 DISCLAIMER This Presentation is Only for Internal Use. This Presentation is meant only for giving an overview of Subject concerned to BPharm Students of Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University. Unauthorized Sharing, Viewing or Use of Presentation (in Full or in parts) for any other purpose is Not Allowed. Acknowledgments to all Various Internet Source from which various Images obtained through Search Engines (like Google), which are used in Presentation Only for Easy Explanation purpose. Presentation Does Not have any Commercial Value.

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4 Aerosols Suspensions of Fine, Solids or Liquid in GAS For Respiratory Track or Skin Using Atomizers or Nebulizers By applying Pressure to BULB Ejects MIST suspended in Air Guide Patient to Use Not to Exhale

5 Fluid or Semi-Fluid Intended for SKIN Topical Preparation Applications Suspension or Emulsion E.g. Majority Anti-parasitics

6 Cachets Preparation Like Capsules For Nauseous or Disagreeable Powders in Tasteless Form Moulded from Rice Paper as Upper & Lower WET Seal with Water Upper & Lower Same Size DRY Seal LOCKING Upper is Slightly Bigger Like Current Capsules

7 Cachets Capacity : 0.2 to 2 gm of Powder Softened by immersion in Water before Oral Administration

8 Capsules Generally Cylindrical Shape For Unpleasant Medicaments Hard Capsule Gelatin Body & Cap Locking System Soft Capsule (Flexible Capsule) Solid, Liquid, Semi-solid Gelatin with Glycerol for Flexibility Variety of Shapes Spherical like Perl, Ovoid, Hemi-Spherical

9 Fluid Preparation Collodions External Use Topical Applied with Brush or Rod Vehicle is Volatile Ether / Alcohol Flexibility in Film by Castor Oil Forms Film Pyroxylin (Nitrocellulose) Unmedicated for Protective Small Cuts Medicated for Prolong Contact with Skin

10 Creams Very Popular in External Category Product Semi-solid EMULSION External Use Topical Aqueous Oil in Water Emulsion OR Oily Water in Oil Emulsion GREASY

11 Draughts Liquid Oral INTERNAL Preparation Only ONE or TWO larger Dose 50 ml Unit Dose Preparation to be Supplied Exception for Paediatric 10 or 15 ml in Multiple-Dose Volume

12 Dusting Powders Free Flowing Powders Very-Fine Powder For External Use Only

13 Ear Drops Solution (Liquid Preparation) For Cavity (Not Internal Not External) Drops to be instilled into Ear with Dropper

14 Elixirs CLEAR Liquid ORAL Preparation Potent or Nauseous Drugs Pleasant Flavour and Attractive Colour Generally Stable Mixture Exception Dry Granules to be Dissolved in Solvent by Patient just before Use

15 Emulsions Oil in Water OR Water in Oil Internal or External Stabilized by Emulsifier / Gum

16 Enemas RECTAL Administration For Cavity (Not Internal Not External) Solution / Suspension / Emulsion

17 Aqueous Solutions Gargles For Cavity (Not Internal Not External) Throat Infection Prevention or Treatment Dispensed as Concentrated Preparation To be Diluted with Warm Water before Use

18 Gels Aqueous Colloidal Suspension of Hydrated Forms of INSOLUBLE Medicament Also Internal Like ANTACID Jellies are External Preparation

19 Granules Solid Oral Preparation For Unpleasant Medicament Small irregular shape particles (2 4 mm) Generally, Unit Dose Supply To be Dispersed in Water before Use Drug + Sugar + Others are Moistened to Coherent Mass and Passed through Sieve and Dried

20 Effervescent Granules Granules of Acids with Bicarbonates Citric Acid & Tartaric Acid Granule in Water Reaction in Acid & Base Generation of CARBON DIOXIDE Gas Gas subsides Unpleasant Taste of Drug

21 Inhalations Liquid VOLATILE Preparation To relieve Congestion & Inflammation of Respiratory Track [A] Volatile at Room Temperature Use Handkerchief or Fabric Face Mask

22 Inhalations [B] To be added to Hot (Not Boiling) ~ 65 0 C Vapour is inhaled for about 10 Minutes Generally, Alcoholic Preparation May have Light Magnesium Carbonate as Adsorbent of Volatile ingredient

23 Insufflations Medicated Dusting Powder Blown by INSUFFLATOR (Like Atomizer) whereby Powder is Difficult to Apply Nose, Throat, Body Cavity, Ear

24 Irrigations Medicated Solution for Treatment of Infection in Body Cavity Like Bladder, Vagina & Less often Nose Administered by Thin Rubber/Plastic Tube Catheter for Bladder Vulcanite or Plastic Pipe for Vagina Glass irrigator for Nose Solution & Device must be Sterile

25 Irrigations

26 Jellies (Gels) Transparent / Translucent, Non-Greasy, Semi-solid Mainly For External Use Gelatin, Starch, Sodium alginate

27 Linctuses Viscous Liquid ORAL preparation Mainly for Cough Relief More Syrup, Sometimes Glycerin Small Dose, Prolong Action To be Sipped Slowly Swallowed Neat

28 Liniments Fluid / Semi-Fluid / Semi-Solid For External Use only Application on Skin Topical Alcoholic / Oily / Emulsion Tobe Massaged (with Friction) Pain Relief (Counter Irritant) NOT for BROKEN Skin Sometime with Warm Dressing or with Brush

29 Lotions Fluid Skin Topical Application Without Friction Sometimes Covered to Prevent Evaporation

30 Lozenges (Troches) Solid Preparation Drug for Mouth & Throat Infections Drug for Mouth Freshness, Cough Remedies Drug + Sugar + Gum Gum = Hardness, Cohesiveness, Slow Release

31 Lozenges (Troches)

32 Mixtures Liquid ORAL in Aqueous vehicle Solution / Suspension Not for Very Long Time duration Freshly Prepared Used Quickly (within a Month)

33 Similar to Gargles For Oral Hygiene Mouthwashes Treatment of Oral infections

34 Nasal Drops Solution to be instilled into Nose with Dropper Usually Aqueous Generally Not Oily Inhibit Cilia Movement in Nasal mucosa and if used Long may reach to Lungs & cause Lipoidal pneumenia

35 Ointments Semi-solid, Greasy - For External Use Only Skin, Rectus, Nasal mucosa, etc. Base is usually Anhydrous Drug in Solution / Suspension in Base

36 Liquid Preparation Very Small Dose Paediatric Drops Use Calibrated Dropper

37 Paints Liquid for Skin / Mucosa Use Soft Brush Skin Paint Volatile solvent Dry Film Throat Paint Viscous & Sticky (Glycerin) for Longer Action of Drug on Local Site

38 Pastes Semi-solid External Topical High Proportion of Finely Powdered (Solid) Base may be Anhydrous (Parafin) or Hydrous (Glycerol and Mucilage) Stiffness useful for Protective Coating Currently Dental & Oral

39 Pastilles Like Lozenges / Troches Softer than Lozenges / Troches Solid To be Dissolved Slowly in Mouth Cough, Mouth/Throat Infection, Freshness (Glycerol + Gelatin) OR (Acacia + Sugar)

40 Pessaries Solid Preparation for introduction in Vagina Tobe Melt / Dissolve in Vagina Local Effect Anti-fungal, Anti-Bacterial, etc 1. Moulded Cone Shape (like Suppositories) 2. Compressed Any Shape Flat - Tablets

41 Pills Solid ORAL preparation Generally, Hand-made Spherical / Ovoid Usually Sugar Coated Now Replaced by Tablets & Capsules

42 Poultices Paste like For External Use Reduce INFLAMMATION by Retaining Heat Heat the Poultice (Heat as Patient bear hot), and Spread on Thick Dressing & Apply

43 Powders Solid Preparation for INTERNAL use. Bulk Powder for Non-Potent Drug Individual Powder for Potent Drug

44 Solutions Generalized Term Multiple purposes Oral / Irrigation / Dermatological

45 Solution Tablets Tablets to be Dissolved in Water to prepare Solution (to be used immediately) They are formulated to Quickly Dissolved

46 Like Aerosols Sprays Drug in Aqueous or Alcoholic media To be apply on Mucosa of Nose / Throat with Atomizer or Nebulizer Generally OILY Sprays are Not used.

47 Suppositories Conical / Ovoid shaped Solid Preparation For Rectal Use Only Melt / Dissolve / Disperse for Local / Systemic In Past Small Cone shaped for Ear infection Long & Very Narrow BOUGIES For Nasal or Urethral Infection

48 Syrups Liquid Oral Preparation Vehicle is Conc. Sucrose Aqueous Solution Medicated Syrups used as Stock Solution Flavouring Syrups Vehicle with Flavour

49 Solid Preparation Tablets Compression or Moulding Method Not widely used in Past

50 Vitrellae Thin walled Glass Capsule containing VOLATILE ingredients Supplied in Silk Bag / Covered in Cotton Crush the Capsule and inhale the Vapours

51 PREPARATIONS FOR EXTEMPORANEOUS DISPENSING

52 Extracts Concentrated Preparation containing Active ingredients of Vegetable or Animal Drugs. Drugs are Extracted with Suitable Solvent LIQUID Concentrated Liquid DRY Solvent Removed After Extraction SOFT Semi-solid Mass after Evaporation

53 Liquid Solution Glycerins Drug in Glycerol With or Without addition of Water

54 Infusions Fresh Extracts of Vegetables Extracted using Cold or Hot Boiling Water Not for Longer Use (Because may have Microbial Contamination on Long Storage) Generally, to be used within 12 Hours

55 Oxymels Vehicle is HONEY with ACID Generally, ACID is Acetic Acid

56 Spirits Vehicle is Alcoholic or Aqueous-Alcoholic (Hydro- Alcoholic) Solution of VOLATILE Substances. Very Few Medicinal Spirits Generally, Flavouring Agents

57 Tinctures Alcoholic Preparations having Active Drug (Generally from Vegetable Source) Relatively Weaker than Extract Extract - More Concentrated than Tincture

58 AROMATIC Waters Dilute Preparation Usually SATURATED Preparations Waters Solutions of Volatile Oils or Volatile Substances like Camphor or Chloroform Generally, Flavoring Agents

59 THANKS Dr. Dhaivat C. Parikh Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University