Centre,Kharghar, Navi Mumbai. 2 PG Scholar, Dravyaguna Dept, YMT, Ayurvedic Medical College & Research

Transcription

1 International Journal of Appli Ayurv Research ISSN: MEDHYA (COGNITIVE ENHANCERS) HERBAL DRUGS OF BHAVPRAKASH NIGHANTU: A LITERARY REVIEW 1 Kadam Rupa S 2 Koul Anu 1 Asso. Professor, Dravyaguna Dept, YMT, Ayurvic Mical College & Research Centre,Kharghar, Navi Mumbai. 2 PG Scholar, Dravyaguna Dept, YMT, Ayurvic Mical College & Research Centre,Kharghar, Navi Mumbai. ABSTRACT Cognitive impairment can have devastating effects on a person s emotional and physical well-being. The cognitive enhancers can be us to attenuate the impairment of cognitive functions.in traditional practices of micines, numerous plants have been us to treat cognitive disorders. Ayurva plays vital role in Cognitive disorders and explain them under mansaroga. Many treatment modalities have been explain in Brihattrayi (Charka Samhita, Susruta Samhita and Ashtang Hridyum) and Lagtrayi (Bhavprakash, Madhav Nidan and Sharangdhara Samhita). In Bhavprakash Nighantu, a part of Bhavprakash Samhita, Bhavmishra s certain drugs having Mhya property which can be correlat with cognitive enhancement. These drugs can be us specifically to improve memory and intellect. The present study was design to screen the drugs from Bhavprakash Nighantu with Mhya, mhavardhak, matiprada, mhakrit, buddhida, mhaprada, mhakara, mhahito, Mhyagnivardhini, buddhismrutiprada, smrutibuddhida and Smrutikara properties. Out of 426 drugs 23 drugs were describ as cognitive enhancers throughout the text. These screen drugs will be a handy reference for the treatment of cognitive disorders. Keywords: Cognition, Mha, Bhavprakash Nighantu. INTRODUCTION: Cognition refers to a and diabetes. However, some causes of range of high-level brain functions, cognitive impairment are relat to health including the ability to learn and remember issues that may be treatable, like information to organize, to plan, to solve, mication side effects, vitamin B 12 to focus, to maintain and shift attention as deficiency, and depression. Individuals necessary; to understand and use language; may ruce the risk of cognitive to accurately perceive the environment; impairment by keeping physically active and perform calculations. 1 Cognitive and maintaining healthy cholesterol and disorders are a category of mental health disorders that primarily affect learning, blood sugar levels. 3 Available allopathic nootropic drugs may memory, perception, and problem solving only delay or slow down disease include amnesia, dementia, and delirium. 2 While age is the primary risk factor for cognitive impairment, other risk factors progression. Also the side effects that they cause, make them unfit for regular consumption. This drives us to reach and include family history, brain injury, develop alternative methods for cognitive exposure to pesticides or toxins, physical inactivity, and chronic conditions such as Parkinson s disease, heart disease, stroke enhancement. In Ayurva, every complete man being is consider as combination of both mind and body. The perfect

2 [Kadam Rupa S et al: Mhya (Cognitive Enhancers) Herbal Drugs of Bhavprakash Nighantu: A Literary Review] combination of body, mind and soul is consider as complete health in Ayurva. Ayurva, being a stream of treatment, can no way ignore the importance of cognitive impairment. Ayurva has already describ several micinal plants under the concept of Mhya dravya which refers to the agents acting on higher brain function by interacting on ability or power of acquisition (intelligence), ability or power of retention and ability or power of recall or memory by amelioration of Mha of the individuals. Most of the Ayurvic Mhya dravyas have shown their efficacy by acting on different receptors, thought to play a role in the prevention of cognitive decline. The herbs that are consider Mhya are said to be working with the higher brain function, or mindrejuvenating herbs. They engender and summon intelligence, memory, mental perception, bring nervine and nervous system restorative action 4. The word mha is deriv from the Sanskrit root mhri sangame which means to meet or to come together or harmonize. Mha means, the knowlge Buddhi, Dhee which has power of retaining knowlge for very long period to have proper correlation and understanding about the knowlge of the existing objects. Without mha, knowlge cannot be understood. Acharyas opines that means ability of discrimination of objects, further without mha, knowlge cannot be understood and it is defin as that which groups or retains knowlge 5. According to Dalhana, it is a power, which retains the knowlge of text and also said that mha is very deep knowlge gain for the long period. According to Arunadatta, Mha is equat to Buddhi, which means it is a faculty of Buddhi (Knowlge) 6.Chakrapani opines that Mha is equat to Dhee, which means it is a type of Dhee having the power of retention of knowlge 7 It is clear from Shabdakalpadruma that, mha is equivalent to Buddhi and Pragya, because Pragya and Mha are the two synonyms of Buddhi among other names like Mati, Chit, Dharana etc 8. About Bhavprakash Nighantu 9 : In the field of Ayurva, Nighantus play an important role. Literally, Nighantu means the compilation of words with their root meanings and synonyms. Ayurvic Nighantu put a foot ahead in including the properties, both morphological and pharmacological along with therapeutic indications. Here in the text, the very purpose is fulfill extra ordinarily with the exhaustive efforts of Bhavmishra and that is why Bhavprakash Nighantu is consider the best among all the Nighantus. Bhavprakash Nighantu is a comprehensive work in an elegant style and simple language. He had touch practically all the aspects & add new information bas on the knowlge and traditions of that age as well as his own experiences as a scholar, physician, The clarity present in his style of presentation, excellence of arrangements, systematic classification of drugs has illuminat and resolv many obscure and disput passages of the ancient writers and his important compilation marks the last revival of old Ayurvic literature and is consider as a thesaurus of all the useful information reap from the vast field of millenniums old Ayurvic literature. For each drug he gave synonyms, properties/qualities, and therapeutic applications.at many places he tri to clarify the identification of a particular IJAAR VOLUME III ISSUE II MAY-JUNE 2017

3 [Kadam Rupa S et al: Mhya (Cognitive Enhancers) Herbal Drugs of Bhavprakash Nighantu: A Literary Review] plants species. There is some consciousness observ in the plant names, which is correct by later commentators depending upon this Nighantu part. This Nighantu is consider as the latest among classical works in the field of Dravyaguna Nighantu and is commonly follow by physicians and students of Dravyaguna. Out of 426 herbal drugs, 23 drugs have been having Mhya properties. Hence this study plann to review and explore the potential drugs having Mhya i.e. memory enhancing property. AIM AND OBJECTIVES: To collect the information regarding the herbal drugs as Mhya in Bhavprakash Nighantu. To analyze their property in the Bhavaprakash Nighantu. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bhavprakash Nighantu was explor for the herbal drugs having Mhya property i.e. cognitive enhancer property. The data ts obtain was tabulat to analyze the properties of those drugs. METHOD: In Bhavprakash Nighantu the Mhya property was describ by various synonyms like Mhya. mhavardhak, matiprada, mhakrit, buddhida, mhaprada, mhakara, mhahito, Mhyagnivardhini, buddhismrutiprada, smrutibuddhida, Smrutikara. All the drugs having these properties were sort and tabulat for their identity and properties. The tabulat data was analyz for Raspanchaka systematically. Table no 1: List of Mhya herbal drugs in Bhavprakash Nighantu S.No. HERBAL BOTANICAL DRUG NAME FAMILY REFERENCES 1 Haritaki Terminalia chebula Retz. Combretaceae Haritakyadi Varga 2 Pippali Piper longum Piperaceae Haritakyadi Varga 3 Jirak Cuminum cyminum Umbelliferae Haritakyadi Varga 4 Jirak(krishna) Carum carvi Umbelliferae Haritakyadi Varga 5 Kalonji Nigella sativa Ranunculaceae Haritakyadi Varga 6 Jyotishmati Celastrus paniculatus Willd. Celastraceae Haritakyadi Varga 7 Rason Allium sativum Liliaceae Haritakyadi Varga 8 Bhallatak Semicarpus anacardium f. Anacardiaceae Haritakyadi Varga 9 Jatamansi Nardostachys jatamansi DC. Valerianaceae Karpuradi Varga 10 Renuka Vitex agnus- castus Verbenaceae Karpuradi Varga 11 Sthouneyak Clerodendrum infortunatum Verbenaceae Karpuradi Varga 12 Gambhari Gmelina arborea Verbenaceae 13 Aparajita Clitorea ternatea Fabaceae IJAAR VOLUME III ISSUE II MAY-JUNE 2017

4 [Kadam Rupa S et al: Mhya (Cognitive Enhancers) Herbal Drugs of Bhavprakash Nighantu: A Literary Review] 14 Shatavari 15 Nagdanti 16 Vriddhdaruk 17 Mundi 18 Shankhapushpi 19 Brahmi Asparagus racemosus Wild. Croton oblongifollius Roxb. Argyreia speciosa sweet. Sphaerants indicus Evolvulus alsinoides Bacopa monnieri Liliaceae Euphorbiaceae Convolvulaceae Compositae Convolvulaceae Scroplariaceae 20 Kaidarshali Oryza sativa Gramineae Dhanya Varga Hordeum vulgare 21 Yava Gramineae Dhanya Varga. Sesamum indicum Til Paliaceae Dhanya Varga 22 Chancki Corchorus Tiliaceae 23 Shak Varga fascicularis Lam. Table no 2: List of Mhya herbal drugs by Bhavprakash Nighantu according to Raspanchaka S. No HERBAL DRUG 1 Haritaki 2 Pippali 3 Jirak 4 Jirak(krishna ) RASA GUNA VIRYA VIPAK Kashaya,Madra,Amla,,Tikta 5 Kalonji Snigdha,Lag Anushnash eet 6 Jyotishmati,Tikta Sara 7 Rason,Tikta, Kashaya, Snigdha,Gur u, Madr a Madr a PRABHA V Tridoshgh na IJAAR VOLUME III ISSUE II MAY-JUNE 2017

5 [Kadam Rupa S et al: Mhya (Cognitive Enhancers) Herbal Drugs of Bhavprakash Nighantu: A Literary Review] Lavan,madra 8 Bhallatak Kashaya.Madra 9 Jatamansi Tikta,Kashaya Tikshna Snigdha,Lag, Tikshna 10 Renuka Tikta, Lag 11 Sthouneyak 12 Gambhari,Madra,Tik ta Madra,Kashya, Tikta 13 Aparajita,Tikta,Kashya 14 Shatavari Tikta,Madra 15 Nagdanti,Tikta 16 Vriddhdaruk 17 Mundi Kashaya.,Tikt a Snigdha Guru Snigdha, Guru Sara Madra Lag 18 Shankhapush pi 19 Brahmi Kashaya Sara Tikta,Kashaya, Madra Sara, Lag 20 Kaidarshali Kashaya Guru 21 Yava Kashaya,Madra 22 Til,Tikta,madr a, Guru,Ruksh a, Picchil, Abhishyandi Snigdha,Gur u Madr a IJAAR VOLUME III ISSUE II MAY-JUNE 2017

6 [Kadam Rupa S et al: Mhya (Cognitive Enhancers) Herbal Drugs of Bhavprakash Nighantu: A Literary Review] 23 Chancki Kashaya Madra Picchil,Sara RESULTS: The above tabulat herbal drugs were analyz for Rasapanchaka (Rasa, Guna, Virya and Vipaak) and the following are notic: Table no.3 Mhya Herbal drugs according to Rasa S.NO RASA NO.OF HERBAL DRUGS PERCENTAGE 1 Madraa 11 48% 2 Amla 01 04% 3 Lavana 01 04% % 5 Tikta 13 56% 6 Kashaya 12 52% It is observ that, in the above table, Tikta rasa dravya are maximum in number (13) follow by rasa and Kashaya rasa (12), Madraa rasa (11) Amla rasa and Lavana rasa (01). This clearly indicates that the herbal drugs with Tikta,,Kashaya and Madraa rasa play significant role as Mhya. Table No.3 Mhya Herbal drugs according to Viryas S.NO VIRYA NO. OF HERBAL DRUGS PERCENTAGE % 2 a 07 30% 3 Anushnasheeta 01 04% Most of the herbal drugs are virya in nature (13) follow by avirya (07) and Anushnasheetvirya (01). Table no.4 Mhya Herbal drugs according to Vipaak S.NO VIPAKA NO.OF HERBAL DRUGS PERCENTAGE 1 Madra vipaka 03 13% 2 vipaka 06 26% 3 Amla vipaka 0 0% Madrarvipak (03) vipaka (06) and Amlavipaka (0) are to have the Mhya property. Table no.5 Mhya Herbal drugs according to Guna S.NO GUNA NO.OF HERBAL DRUGS PERCENTAGE 1 Ruska 06 26% 2 Lag 10 43% 3 Tikshna 02 9% 4 Sara 03 13% 5 Snigdha 06 26% 6 Guru 05 22% 7 Picchil 02 9% 8 Abhishyandi 01 4% IJAAR VOLUME III ISSUE II MAY-JUNE 2017

7 [Kadam Rupa S et al: Mhya (Cognitive Enhancers) Herbal Drugs of Bhavprakash Nighantu: A Literary Review] Lag (10), Ruksa and Snigdha (06), Guru (05), Sara (03), Tikshna and Picchil (02), Abhishyandi (01) are to be mostly acting as Mhya. DISCUSSION: Bhavamishra has given idiosyncrasy consideration to the impairment of cognition and us various drugs for this Condition. Present study deals with extensive variety of herbal drugs from Bhavprakash Nighantu. Bhavamishra directly s the karma or action of these drugs as Mhya (cognitive enhancer).herbal Drugs from whole Bhavprakash Nighantu were screen for the action Mhya (Cognitive enhancer). Obtain data were present as per rasapanchak and along with different Vargas (chapter wise classification) with corresponding reference. Out of 426 drugs from Bhavprakash Nighantu 8(1.88%) belong to Haritakyadi Varga, 3(0.70 %) of drugs from Karpuradi varga, 8 (1.88%) belong to Guduchyadi varga. Subsequent to herbal origin Dhanyadi Varga 3 (0.70%) and Shaka Varga 1 (0.23%) has been stat as cognitive enhancer. It is observ that, of the herbal drugs as Mhya rasa dravya are maximum in number Tikta rasa 13 (56%) follow by rasa and Kashaya rasa 12 (52%), Madra rasa 11(48%),Amla rasa and Lavana rasa 01(4%). Tikta rasa causes stimulation to jatharagni and thereby increases Dhatvagnis.Increas Dhatvagni, in turn increases Majjadhavtagni i.e. nourishes Majjadhatu.Madura rasa because of its suitability to the body promotes Majjadhidhatu.Kashaya Rasa pacifying kapha, rakta and pitta giving cooling effect and stimulates the retention power (dhriti). rasa stimulates the sadhakpitta which in turns gives nourishment to Buddhi. Ts, it stimulates intellect due to Tikta, Kashaya, and Madra Rasa. This clearly indicates that the herbal drugs with Tikta,, Kashaya, and Madra rasa play significant role as Mhya. virya 13(56%) drugs are maximum in number follow by avirya 07(30%) and Anushnasheetvirya 01(4%) in nature. Usnavirya dravya acts on pachaka, sadhaka, alochaka pitta, ruces avarana of raja and tamas and Strotoshodan action at the level of Manovahastrotas and Rasavahastrotas which enhance power of Smarana(Acquiring new information) and Grahana (data interpretation) i.e. stimulates dhi, smriti while avirya herbs acts by increasing nourishment to the neuronal matter of brain via tarpaka and avlambkha kapha which improves dharana (retention power). Anushnasheetvirya dravya gives stimulation to dhi, smriti and retention power. GRAPH 1: MEDHYA ACCORDING TO RASA IJAAR VOLUME III ISSUE II MAY-JUNE 2017

8 [Kadam Rupa S et al: Mhya (Cognitive Enhancers) Herbal Drugs of Bhavprakash Nighantu: A Literary Review] % 4% 4% 52% 56% 52% 1 1 Madura Amla Lavana Tikta Kasaya Series1 Series2 GRAPH 2: MEDHYA ACCORDING TO VIRYA % 7 30% 4% 0 1 a Anushnasheeta NO. OF HERBAL DRUGS PERCENTAGE GRAPH 3: MEDHYA ACCORDING TO VIPAAK % 13% 6 3 0% 0 Madra vipaka vipaka Amla vipaka NO.OF HERBAL DRUGS PERCENTAGE GRAPH 4: MEDHYA ACCORDING TO GUNA IJAAR VOLUME III ISSUE II MAY-JUNE 2017

9 [Kadam Rupa S et al: Mhya (Cognitive Enhancers) Herbal Drugs of Bhavprakash Nighantu: A Literary Review] % 43% % 13% 26% 22% 2 9% 1 4% Series1 Series1 CONCLUSION: Mha is combination of power of acquisition (Grahan), retention (Dharan) and recollection (Smaran). Tikta, Madura, Kashaya Rasa and, sheet virya drugs acts through different mechanism and enhance cognition. This research paper demonstrates that out of 426 drugs 23 drugs of herbal were describ as cognitive enhancers throughout the text. These screen drugs will be a handy reference for the treatment of cognitive disorders. This study may provide parameters for selection of Mhya drug in different memory disorder. REFERENCES: 1) mptoms-diagnosis/ms- Symptoms/Cognitive-Changes; ) ve_disorder;2005 3) tive_impairment/cogimp_poilicy final2009 4) om/journal/ /effect-ashwagandhatests-cognitive-and-psychomotorperformance;2014 5) JIPSRMN-50;2014 6) Arundatta, Ashtanga hrudaya. Pt Harisadashiva Shastri Paradakara itor. Reprint ition. Varanasi: Chamkhamba Surabharati Prakashana; P Series2 7) Chakrapanidatta, Charaka Samhita sutra sthana chapter 27 sloka 350.Jadavaji Trikamji Acharya itor. Reprint ition. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit sansthana; P.174 8) Raja Radha Kantadeva, Shabdakalpadruma vol. 3. Shri Vardaprasad itor.3rd ition. Varanasi: Chaukhamba series office; P ) Bhavapraksh Nighantu, Dr. K.C.Cnekar, Dr. G.S.Pandey Revis and enlarg ition 2010 Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi. Corresponding author: Dr Rupa S Kadam, Asso Professor, YMT, Ayurvic Mical College & Research Centre,Kharghar, Navi Mumbai. dr.rupakadam@riffmail.com Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: None Declar Cite this Article as : [Kadam Rupa S et al: Mhya (Cognitive Enhancers) Herbal Drugs of Bhavprakash Nighantu: A Literary Review] : IJAAR VOLUME III ISSUE II MAY-JUNE 2017 PAGE No: IJAAR VOLUME III ISSUE II MAY-JUNE 2017