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1 The Henderson Repository is a free resource of the Honor Society of Nursing, Sigma Theta Tau International. It is dedicated to the dissemination of nursing research, researchrelated, and evidence-based nursing materials. Take credit for all your work, not just books and journal articles. To learn more, visit Item type Format Title Authors Presentation Text-based Document Reducing Recidivism Among Youthful Offenders: Evidence-Based Practice Strategies Shade, Kate Downloaded 23-Jul :43:06 Link to item

2 Reducing recidivism among youthful offenders: Evidence-based practice strategies Kate Shade, PhD, RN Samuel Merritt University Oakland CA USA

3 Learning objectives The learner will be able to list four evidence-based treatment modalities aimed at reducing recidivism among youthful offenders The learner will be able to define each treatment approach

4 Background United States incarcerates more youth than any other country in the world Juvenile system began as model of rehabilitation. 1980s brought punishment, more youth incarcerated, mandatory sentencing. U.S. is slowly returning to a rehabilitative philosophy

5 Who commits crimes as juveniles in the U.S.? Children from neighborhoods, schools, and communities with few resources, high crime rates, exposure to pollutants, drugs, gangs and involvement in underground economy Families with substance abuse, mental health problems, violence

6 Peer and individual factors Hegemonic masculinity/misogyny Mental health disorders Learning disabilities Exposures to traumatic events Antisocial peers Thinking that supports aggressive and criminal actions

7 Family interventions Functional family therapy (FFT) 29% non-significant 84% Multidimensional treatment foster care (MTFC) 45% 79% Brief strategic family therapy (BSFT) 38% 46% Multisystemic therapy (MST) 24% non-significant 93%

8 Family interventions FFT Based on stages of change model MTFC Placement in foster family, biological and foster parent provided support BSFT Planned, problem-focused, practical MST Intensive, 24/7 multisystem treatment

9 Cognitive-behavioral treatment Based on cognitive-behavioral and social learning theories Manualized programs reduce recidivism by ~50% when implemented with fidelity Most effective with highest risk youth Aggression Replacement Training (ART) most well-researched

10 Cognitive-behavioral treatment Addresses attitudes, values, thoughts that support criminal behaviors Teaches social skills to communicate assertively, increase association with positive peers Practices behavioral skills to manage anger/stress

11 Trauma focused treatment 1 in 4 youth in U.S. experience a traumatic event Include child maltreatment, sexual assault, exposure to family and community violence, natural disasters Youth who experience multiple traumatic events more likely to perpetrate violence against others

12 Trauma focused treatment Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) Trauma Affect Regulation: Guide for Education and Therapy (TARGET-A) 54% decrease in incidents of behavior problem Dialectical Behavior Therapy Corrections Modified (DBT-CM) 19% non-significant

13 Gender informed care saw 65% increase in girls in detention, 34% increase in boys case loads increased 92% for girls, decreased 29% for boys Staff who work with girls in system say their behaviors are more challenging than boys Criers, liars, and manipulators Gaarder, E., Rodriguez, N., & Zatz, M. (2004). Criers, liars, and manipulators: Probation officers' views of girls. Justice Quarterly, 21( ).

14 Gender informed care Limited programs More research needed Gender-specific CBT for girls Facilitate group support Gender-specific CBT for boys Challenge restrictive masculine views of boys and men

15 References Arnold, E. M., Kirk, R. S., Roberts, A. C., Griffith, D. P., Meadows, K., & Julian, J. (2003). Treatment of incarcerated, sexuallyabused adolescent females: An outcome study. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse: Research, Treatment, & Program Innovations for Victims, Survivors, & Offenders, 12(1), doi: /J070v12n01_06 Borduin, C. M., Mann, B. J., Cone, L. T., Henggeler, S. W., Fucci, B. R., Blaske, D. M., & Williams, R. A. (1995). Multisystemic treatment of serious juvenile offenders: Long-term prevention of criminality and violence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63(4), doi: / x Brown, T. L., Swenson, C. C., Cunningham, P. B., Henggeler, S. W., Schoenwald, S. K., & Rowland, M. D. (1997). Multisystemic treatment of violent and chronic juvenile offenders: Bridging the gap between research and practice. Administration and Policy in Mental Health. Special Issue: Assertive community treatment, 25(2), doi: /a: Bush, J., Glick, B. & Taymans, J. (1997, revised 1998). Thinking for a Change: Integrated cognitive behavior change program. Washington, D.C.: National Institute of Corrections, U.S. Department of Justice. Centre for Children and Families in the Justice System. (n.d.). Randomized study of MST in Ontario, Canada: Final results. Retrieved from Chamberlain, P. (2003). The Oregon Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care model: Features, outcomes, and progress in dissemination. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 10(4), doi: /s (03) Chamberlain, P., Leve, L. D., & DeGarmo, D. S. (2007). Multidimensional treatment foster care for girls in the juvenile justice system: 2-year follow-up of a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75(1), doi: / x Chesney-Lind, M., Morash, M., & Stevens, T. (2008). Girls' troubles, girls' delinquency, and gender responsive programming: A review. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology. Special Issue: Current approaches to understanding female offending, 41(1, Spec Iss), doi: /acri Dowden, C., & Andrews, D. A. (2003). Does Family Intervention Work for Delinquents? Results of a Meta-Analysis. Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 45(3), doi: /cjccj Drake, E., & Barnoski, R. (2005). Recidivism findings for the Juvenile Rehabilitation Administration s dialectical behaviour therapy program: Final report. Olympia, WA. Ford, J. D., & Hawke, J. (2012). Trauma affect regulation psychoeducation group and milieu intervention outcomes in juvenile detention facilities. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 21(4), doi: /archpsyc Glick, B., & Gibbs, J. C. (2011). Aggression replacement training: A comprehensive intervention for aggressive youth (3rd ed. rev. and exp.). Champaign, IL, US: Research Press, Champaign, IL. Golden, L. S., Gatchel, R. J., & Cahill, M. A. (2006). Evaluating the effectiveness of the National Institute of Corrections' "Thinking for a Change" program among probationers. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 43(2), doi: /J076v43n02_03 Hahn, R. A., Bilukha, O., Lowy, J., Crosby, A., Fullilove, M. T., Liberman, A.,... Schofield, A. (2005). The Effectiveness of Therapeutic Foster Care for the Prevention of Violence: A Systematic Review. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 28(2,Suppl1), doi: / x

16 References Hoagwood, K., & Olin, S. (2002). The NIMH blueprint for change report: Research priorities in child and adolescent mental health. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 41(7), doi: / Katz, L. Y., Fotti, S. A., & Postl, L. (2009). Cognitive-behavioral therapy and dialectical behavior therapy: Adaptations required to treat adolescents. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 32(1), doi: /j.psc Landenberger, N. A., & Lipsey, M. W. (2005). The positive effects of cognitive-behavioral programs for offenders: A metaanalysis of factors associated with effective treatment. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 1(4), doi: /s Lipsey, M. W. (2009). The primary factors that characterize effective interventions with juvenile offenders: A meta-analytic overview. Victims & Offenders, 4(2), doi: / Lipsey, M. W., Chapman, G. L., & Landenberger, N. A. (2001). Cognitive-behavioral programs for offenders. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 578, Lowenkamp, C. T., Hubbard, D., Makarios, M. D., & Latessa, E. J. (2009). A quasi-experimental evaluation of thinking for a change: A "real-world" application. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 36(2), doi: / McCann, R. A., Ball, E. M., & Ivanoff, A. (2000). DBT with an inpatient forensic population: The CMHIP forensic model. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(4), doi: / x McMackin, R. A., Leisen, M. B., Sattler, L., Krinsley, K., & Riggs, D. S. (2002). Preliminary development of trauma-focused treatment groups for incarcerated juvenile offenders Trauma and juvenile delinquency: Theory, research, and interventions. (pp ). Binghamton, NY, US: Haworth Maltreatment and Trauma Press/The Haworth Press, Binghamton, NY. Nelson-Gray, R. O., Keane, S. P., Hurst, R. M., Mitchell, J. T., Warburton, J. B., Chok, J. T., & Cobb, A. R. (2006). A modified DBT skills training program for oppositional defiant adolescents: Promising preliminary findings. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(12), doi: /j.brat Pearson, F. S., Lipton, D. S., Cleland, C. M., & Yee, D. S. (2002). The effects of behavioral/cognitive-behavioral programs on recidivism. Crime & Delinquency, 48(3), doi: / Quinn, A., & Shera, W. (2009). Evidence-based practice in group work with incarcerated youth. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 32(5), doi: /j.ijlp Rivard, J. C., Bloom, S. L., Abramovitz, R., Pasquale, L. E., Duncan, M., McCorkle, D., & Gelman, A. (2003). Assessing the implementation and effects of a trauma-focused intervention for youths in residential treatment. Psychiatric Quarterly, 74(2), doi: /a: Schoenbach, K. Program development: Gender-responsive treatment for incarcerated adolescent females. AAI Retrieved from PsycINFO database. Sexton, T., & Turner, C. W. (2011). The effectiveness of functional family therapy for youth with behavioral problems in a community practice setting. Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice, 1(S), doi: / s.3 Shelton, D., Kesten, K., Zhang, W., & Trestman, R. (2011). Impact of a dialectic behavior therapy--corrections modified (DBT- CM) upon behaviorally challenged incarcerated male adolescents. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 2 Trupin, E. W., Stewart, D. G., Beach, B., & Boesky, L. (2002). Effectiveness of dialectical behaviour therapy program for incarcerated female juvenile offenders. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 7(3), doi: / (2), doi: /j x

Dialectical Behaviour Therapy in Forensic and Correctional Settings

Dialectical Behaviour Therapy in Forensic and Correctional Settings Shelley McMain, Ph.D. Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto Disclosure statements Shelley