Oogenesis. Key Concepts. Female Reproductive Tract

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1 Oogenesis 1 Key Concepts Female Reproductive Tract Ovary Oogenesis Follicles Ovulation Corpus Luteum Molecular Activity Primordial Germ Cells (PGCs) 2 Female Reproductive Tract Ovary Oviduct Uterus Vagina 3

2 Ovary Medulla Cortex Follicles Primordial Germ Cells 4 Embryogenesis Adults Oogenesis: Overview 5 Primordial Germ Cells Oogonia Primary Oocytes Primary Follicle Oogenesis: Part 1 6

3 Oogenesis: Part 2 Primary Oocytes Secondary Oocytes Polar Body Ovulation Fertilization Zygote 7 Follicle Development Primordial Follicle-> Primary Follicle-> Secondary Follicle-> Graafian Follicle-> Ovulation-> Corpus Luteum-> Corpus Albicans 8 Primary Follicle Oocyte Follicle Cells Primordial Follicle Primary Follicle 9

4 Stratum granulosum Theca folliculi Theca interna Theca externa Zona pellucida Secondary Follicle Secondary Follicle 10 Graafian Follicle Antrum Graafian Follicle 11 Ovulation Ovulation Oviduct 12

5 Corpus Luteum Corpus lutem 13 Corpus Luteum Corpus lutem Lutein cells Ovarian cycles Granulosa lutein cells Theca lutein cells 14 Molecular Activity Lampbrush Chromosomes Selective gene amplification Nucleolus 15

6 Molecular Activity: Nurse Cells Nurse cells Oocyte Follicle cells Drosophila 16 Molecular Activity: Nurse Cells Tritiated Cytodine Time Location 1 hour Nucleus (nurse cells) 5 hours Cytoplasm (nurse cells) Cytoplasm (oocyte) Source: Bier 17 Molecular Activity: Bloodstream Protein Yolk Fatty Yolk Follicle cells Microvilli Zona pellucida Oocyte Pinocytosis 18

7 Yolk Oocyte RER of Oocyte Liver Yolk plateletes Mitochondria of oocyte Molecular Activity: Yolk 19 Molecular Activity: Yolk Protein kinase Calcium Hypothalamus Anterior Pituitary LH & FSH Estrogen Oocyte Mitochondria stimulates anterior pituitary secretes LH & FSH stimulates gonads to produce estrogen stimulates liver to produce vitellogenin converts vitellogenin to Phosvitin & Lipovitellin converts (phosvitin + ATP) to Yolk Platelets 20 Molecular Activity: Yolk P 32 in NaH 2 PO 4 Time Liver Blood Oocyte 6 hours hours Source: Flicksinger & Rounds 21

8 Molecular Activity Glycogen Lipids Microfilaments Various cell organelles Cortical granules 22 Primary Membranes - oocyte - vitelline membrane Molecular Activity: Egg Coats - chorion - zona pellucida 23 Secondary Membranes Molecular Activity: Egg Coats - nurse cells - follicle cells - accessory cells 24

9 Tertiary Membranes Molecular Activity: Egg Coats - reproductive tract - inner shell membrane - jelly coat 25 Gonads Origin of Primordial Germ Cells - mesoderm (germinal ridge) - germinal ridge--> lateral plate mesoderm - male vs female - male--> PGCs + sex cords = seminiferous tubules - female--> PGCs + cortex = ovary - Male Bufo - Bidders organ 26 Origin of Primordial Germ Cells Primordial Germ Cells - originate outside of the gonads - site of origin varies - frogs: endoderm (germ plasm) - salamanders: lateral plate mesoderm - birds & reptiles: germinal crescent (hypoblast) - mammals: posterior wall of yolk sac; near allantois - Drosophila: posterior pole 27

10 Origin of Primordial Germ Cells Primordial Germ Cells - originate outside of the gonads - site of origin varies - move to gonads by: - invasion (migration) - metastasis (blood transport) - teratoma 28

Ovary. Ovary is the female gonad or sex gland. Gonad: an organ that produces gametes; a testis or ovary.

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