Chapter 4. Hysteroscopic morcellator for removal of intrauterine polyps and myomas: a randomised controlled study among residents in training
|
|
- Julius McCoy
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter 4 Hysteroscopic morcellator for removal of intrauterine polyps and myomas: a randomised controlled study among residents in training Heleen van Dongen Mark Hans Emanuel Ron Wolterbeek J. Baptist M.Z. Trimbos Frank Willem Jansen Adapted from J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2008;15:
2 Chapter 4 30 Introduction Since the 1970s, operative hysteroscopy has been adopted as a surgical procedure mainly in order to treat intrauterine pathology. The preferred technique for the removal of intrauterine abnormalities, such as endometrial polyps or submucous myomas, became resectoscopy with a monopolar high frequency electrical current. This technique can only be performed with a non-conducting, electrolyte-free fluid to irrigate and distend the uterine cavity. Although this treatment has rendered good results [Emanuel 1999], an excessive intravasation of distension fluid can be life-threatening [Vulgaropulos 1992]. A meticulous monitoring of fluid balance is therefore necessary to prevent a fluid overload. In case of an imminent fluid overload it is recommended that the procedure be aborted. Since the introduction of bipolar resection techniques that use normal saline, the risk of fluid overload has become a less important limiting factor during hysteroscopic removal [Kung 1999]. Recently, the hysteroscopic morcellator, a new technique designed for this purpose, was introduced and uses normal saline as irrigation fluid as well. Another advantage of the morcellator technique is that tissue fragments can be removed easily by means of suction through the instrument, and are thereafter still available for histological analysis. A previously published study showed that this method reduces the operating time significantly [Emanuel 2005]. Since acquiring skills at hysteroscopic resectoscopy is time-consuming, it has been suggested that the hysteroscopic morcellator for the treatment of intrauterine abnormalities may be easier to master than conventional resectoscopy [Emanuel 2005]. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the standard conventional electrosurgical resection technique with the hysteroscopic morcellator performed by residents in training to estimate the learning curve associated with both techniques. Methods This study was conducted from January 2005 until April 2006 at a university-affiliated teaching hospital (Spaarne Hospital, Heemstede/Hoofddorp, The Netherlands) and a university hospital (Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands). Patients were eligible to participate if they were diagnosed preoperatively with an intrauterine polyp or a type 0 or type I submucous myoma smaller than 30mm diameter and if there was an indication for removal, irrespective of age, parity, menopausal or general health state. Diagnosis was made by transvaginal ultrasound and/or saline infusion sonography. Exclusion criteria were type II myomas (see chapter 2 for the classification of submucous myomas), suspicion of malignancy or contra-indications for hysteroscopic surgery. Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Leiden University Medical Center Ethics Committee and the local medical ethic committee of the Spaarne Hospital. Patients gave written consent. We were interested in the learning curve of hysteroscopic removal by the resectoscope and the hysteroscopic morcellator. Since there were no previous data available on this
3 Hysteroscopic morcellator 31 issue, no power calculation could be performed. For this reason the group size for this pilot study was set at 2x30 patients. According to a randomly permuted block design sequences of ten procedures for six residents in training were created by random permutation tables. The purpose of this assignment of treatments was to ensure a random order of the two procedures and to ensure that each intervention was applied by each surgeon an equal number of times [Cox 1958]. The sequence was concealed with a series of sealed opaque envelopes. Randomisation envelopes were drawn just prior to the scheduled procedure. Two study groups of equal size were generated: (A) conventional resectoscope, (B) hysteroscopic morcellator. Hysteroscopic removal was performed by six residents in training for obstetrics & gynaecology. Though each of them had experience in the operating theatre, they had only limited experience with hysteroscopy. All procedures were supervised by experienced hysteroscopists (MHE and FWJ) and performed in an inpatient setting under general or spinal anaesthesia. The hysteroscopic removal of intrauterine disorders among patients allocated to conventional resectoscopy (group A), was performed with a rigid 9mm resectoscope (Olympus Winter&Ibe, Hamburg, Germany) equipped with a 12º optic. Sorbitol (5%) was used for distension and irrigation of the uterine cavity. The fluid balance was closely monitored. Further details have been previously described [Corson 1991; Wamsteker 1993b]. The hysteroscopic removal in group B was performed with a hysteroscopic morcellator (Smith&Nephew, Andover MASS, USA). This instrument consists of a rigid inner tube, that rotates within an outer tube (diameter 4.5mm). Both tubes have a window-opening at the end with cutting edges. A vacuum connected to the inner tube sucks the tissue into the window opening and cuts it as the inner tube rotates. This tissue is discharged through the device and collected in a pouch, so that it is available for histopathological analysis. The hysteroscopic morcellator is introduced into the uterine cavity through the working channel of a continuous flow 9mm rigid endoscope (Smith&Nephew, Andover MASS, USA). For the latter procedure, normal saline was used for distension and irrigation of the uterine cavity. Again, the fluid balance was closely monitored. Further details of this technique have been previously described [Emanuel 2005]. Trainers were requested to take control of the procedure, if intravasation exceeded 500ml without sufficient progression of the removal, in order to avoid incomplete removal or fluid overload. The primary outcome measure was the operating time, defined as the time between the introduction of the hysteroscope until the removal of the instrument at the end of the procedure. A comparison of operating times was used to investigate the learning curve differences. Secondary outcome measures were the amount of distension medium used, the amount of fluid deficit, the number of insertions of the instrument, whether the trainer had to take over before the procedure was completed, and subjective scores
4 regarding the use of the instrument by both the surgeon (resident in training) and the trainer on a visual analogue scale (VAS; range 0=poor, 10=very comfortable). The failure of the procedure by means of conversion to other techniques, incomplete removal, and complications was determined as well. Chapter 4 32 Study outcomes were evaluated based on the intention-to-treat principle. The results were collected in the statistical SPSS-program (SPSS, version 12, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Data were analysed with the Student s t-test and the ANCOVA (analysis of co-variance) test for normally distributed continuous variables, the Mann-Whitney U-test for skewed data and the Pearson s Chi-square test to compare dichotomous data. Confidence intervals (95%-CI) and standard deviations (SD) of the mean were calculated for normally distributed continuous variables. Residual plots were used to evaluate normality. If continuous variables were not normally distributed, the median and range were given. Categorical data were presented as frequency and percentage. Since the operating time could be influenced by the size of the lesion to be removed, a multiple linear regression analysis was performed with the volume of the intrauterine abnormality and the technique as predicting variables to determine whether operating time varied between both techniques. The volume of the intrauterine abnormality was estimated according to the following formula 4/3πr 3 (volume of sphere, r=radius). The radius was derived from the diameter of the intrauterine abnormality measured by ultrasound. Likewise, multiple linear regression analysis was also used to estimate the relationship between the total amount of distension medium and the amount of fluid deficit of both techniques and the operating time. To determine whether a learning curve was present, multiple linear regression was performed with operating time set as the outcome, and surgeon, trainer, volume of the lesion, and the sequence of the procedures set as predicting variables. The model assumptions were checked by plotting unstandardised residuals against predicted values, eyeballing histograms of residuals and assessing homogeneity of variances with the Levene s test [Levene 1960]. Results Of the 74 patients approached, fourteen patients were excluded due to several reasons (figure 1). Eight patients did not meet the inclusion criteria; of these five patients appeared not to have an intracavitary lesion and three had an intracavitary submucous myoma with an intramural extension of more than 50% (type II myoma). Six patients refused to participate. The patients characteristics of the randomised groups are featured in table 1. There were no significant differences between both groups. The mean age of residents participating in the study was 33.7 years (SD 4.0; 95%-CI ), four of them were female and two were male. Two residents had performed less than twenty hysteroscopic procedures
5 Hysteroscopic morcellator 33 Assessed for eligibility (n=74) Excluded (n=14) Not meeting inclusion criteria (n=8) Refused to participate (n=6) Randomised (n=60) A B Allocated to conventional resectoscope (n=30) Received allocated intervention (n=29) Did not receive allocated intervention (n=1) Allocated to hysteroscopic morcellator (n=30) Received allocated intervention (n=30) Analysed (n=29) Excluded from analysis (n=1) Analysed (n=30) Figure 1 Consort diagram depicting the outcome of patients recruited for the study. before participating in this study, and the other four residents less than ten procedures. Although there was no stratification by type of lesion (myoma or polyp) at randomisation, the number of polypectomies and myomectomies performed by each surgeon did not differ (χ 2 : p=0.431). Surgery characteristics are detailed in table 2. The mean operating times for conventional resectoscopy and hysteroscopic morcellator were 17.0 min (SD 8.4; 95%-CI ) and 10.6 min (SD 9.5; 95%-CI ) respectively (95%- CI for the difference ; p=0.008). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that operating time was increased significantly, irrespective of technique, as the volume of the intrauterine disorder increased. Use of the morcellator instead of the conventional
6 Table 1 Patient characteristics of randomised groups: conventional resectoscope and hysteroscopic morcellator. Chapter 4 34 Mean age in years (SD; 95%-CI) Resectoscope (n=30) 48.2 (12.4; ) Morcellator (n=30) 49.0 (10.9; ) p-value a Median parity (range) 2 (0-4) 2 (0-5) b Menopausal state Premenopausal 22 (73%) 21 (73%) Postmenopausal 8 (27%) 9 (27%) Indication for surgery Abnormal uterine bleeding 27 (73%) 25 (83%) Dysmenorrhoe 1 (3%) 2 (7%) Infertility 2 (7%) 3 (10%) Preoperative diagnosis Polyp 18 (60%) 20 (67%) Myoma 12 (40%) 10 (33%) Mean size intrauterine abnormality (SD; 95%-CI) c c c Diameter in mm 15.0 (6.7; ) 17.7 (7.4; ) a Volume in cm (4.0; ) 4.7 (7.1; ) a a Student s t-test, b Mann-Whitney U-test, c Pearson s Chi-square test Table 2 Outcome measures of surgery of the two randomised groups: conventional resectoscope and hysteroscopic morcellator. Outcome measures Resectoscope Morcellator p-value Operating time in min (SD; 95%-CI) Total distension medium in ml (SD; 95%-CI) Total fluid deficit in ml (SD; 95%-CI) Median number of insertions (range) Total number taken over by trainer 17.0 (8.4; ) 5050 (2594; ) 545 (382; ) a Student s t-test, b Mann-Whitney U-test, c Pearson s Chi-square test 10.6 (9.5; ) 3413 (3416; ) 409 (511; ) a a a 7 (3-50) 1 (1-2) <0.001 b 5 (17%) 1 (3%) <0.001 c
7 Hysteroscopic morcellator 35 resectoscope reduced operating time by more than eight minutes, corrected for volume of the intrauterine abnormality. The coefficients and regression curves of the linear regression model of operating time in association with the volume of the intrauterine abnormality and the technique are detailed in table 3 and figure 2 respectively. For both techniques the number of procedures performed previously, and the variation in surgeons or trainers did not appear to affect the time needed for the removal of an intrauterine abnormality (data not shown). The only predicting factor of significant influence on the operating time appeared to be the volume of the intrauterine abnormality. Also shown in table 3 are the coefficients of multiple regression analysis of the total amount of distension medium and fluid deficit with the operating time and technique as predicting variables. Technique neither influenced the total amount of distension fluid nor the amount of fluid deficit. The resident and trainer scores on a visual analogue scale for both techniques are illustrated in figures 3 and 4 respectively. Of the 60 patients randomised, one patient, who was allocated to removal by resectoscope, did not receive the intended procedure due to a perforation during cervical dilatation. Another patient, who was diagnosed preoperatively with a submucous type I myoma and treated with the hysteroscopic morcellator, had an incomplete resection; Table 3 Coefficients of multiple linear regression analysis, predicting operating time, total amount of distension fluid and amount of fluid deficit. Operating time (min) Coefficient* Standard error p-value Constant (β 0 ) < Volume of lesion (X) 1.10 (β 1 ) < Technique (Z) (β 2 ) < Total distension fluid (ml) Coefficient* Standard error p-value Constant (β 0 ) Operating time (X) (β 1 ) <0.001 Technique (Z) (β 2 ) Fluid deficit (ml) Coefficient* Standard error p-value Constant (β 0 ) Operating time (X) (β 1 ) <0.001 Technique (Z) (β 2 ) * Regression coefficients assuming a generic regression model of: Y=β 0 +β 1 *X+β 2 *Z, where Z=0 and Z=1 represent resectoscopy and hysteroscopic morcellation respectively: R 2 =0.59; R 2 =0.83; R 2 =0.55.
8 Model: Resectoscopy: Y= *X Morcellator: Y= *X Y=operating time in min, X=volume of intrauterine abnormality in cm Resectoscope Morcellator Raw data Resectoscope Raw data Morcellator Operating time (min) Chapter Volume Volume of of intrauterine lesions (cm (cm 3 ) 3 ) Figure 2 The regression curves of the linear regression model of operating time in association with the volume of intrauterine abnormality and technique Resectoscope Morcellator 12 Number of procedures Convenience with technique (VAS) Figure 3 The surgeon scores on a visual analogue scale (VAS) regarding the use of the instrument. Range: 0=poor; 10=very comfortable.
9 Hysteroscopic morcellator Resectoscope Morcellator 14 Number of procedures Convenience with technique (VAS) Figure 4 The subjective trainer scores on a visual analogue scale (VAS) for the easiness of use by the resident for the conventional resectoscope and the hysteroscopic morcellator. Range: 0=poor; 10=very comfortable. the procedure had to be aborted prematurely due to an imminent fluid overload. No further complications were reported. In two cases histological analysis of the specimen revealed a malignant endometrial carcinoma. One patient was postmenopausal and was diagnosed preoperatively with an intrauterine polyp and a type 0 myoma, whereas the other patient was premenopausal and diagnosed with a type 0 myoma. Both of these patients were treated with the hysteroscopic morcellator and subsequently underwent a hysterectomy with a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Two other preoperatively identified myomas were diagnosed as endometrial polyps at histological analysis. Discussion This randomised controlled study demonstrated that the new hysteroscopic morcellator technique for the removal of endometrial polyps and submucous myomas offers an effective alternative to conventional resectoscopy in inexperienced hands. First of all, the operating time was reduced with the hysteroscopic morcellator when compared to the removal with the conventional resectoscope. As a consequence, the amount of fluid deficit was reduced as well. Since complications are related to the amount of fluid deficit, and normal saline is used as a distension medium with the hysteroscopic
10 morcellator (instead of electrolyte-free solution), the risk of fluid overload decreased considerably when using this method. Furthermore, the residents and their trainers felt more comfortable using the morcellator than using the conventional resectoscope. Chapter 4 The benefit of hysteroscopy as a surgical tool in combination with women s desire to preserve their uterus in spite of dysfunction has made hysteroscopic surgery an important therapy, especially in cases of abnormal uterine bleeding and infertility. Like all endoscopic procedures, practicing hysteroscopic surgery requires training and experience. Moreover, the safety and outcome of surgical procedures are clearly linked to adequate training [Whitted 2003]. Learning conventional resectoscopy is time-consuming. With this technique, the surgeon must pass both the hysteroscope and resectoscope a numerous times in and out of the uterine cavity to remove excised tissue. This increases the risk of perforating the uterus. In our opinion the advantages of the morcellator technique are twofold. First, removing intrauterine disorders with the morcellator requires less complicated movements than with the resectoscope. Second, and of greater importance, tissue fragments are removed through the instrument which prevents chips from accumulating and obscuring the hysteroscopic view. The instrument therefore makes fewer entries reducing the risk of damaging the uterus. 38 An important goal of this study was to determine whether a difference in learning curve could be identified regarding the two procedures. The results show that the number of procedures performed previously does not seem to affect the time needed to remove intrauterine disorders. This might be explained by the following. To start with, the first procedures that a resident performs require intensive trainer supervision, whereas during later procedures the resident is considered able to work more independently. Under such circumstances the operating time of the first procedures might be influenced positively. Videotaping the procedures and subsequently scoring the intensity of the trainer s guidance might have helped to correct for this possible confounder [Schijven 2005]. In addition, since learning hysteroscopic techniques is commonly believed to be difficult, the sample size may have been too small as each resident performed only five procedures of each technique. But also, since each patient is different -and although we corrected for the volume of the intrauterine disorder- other variables (e.g. localisation of the lesion or bleeding) could have been responsible for certain difficulties of the hysteroscopic removal. These may have contributed to an obscured view of a possible learning curve as well. Finally, it is noteworthy that approximately 20% of the resectoscopy procedures were taken over by the trainer, whereas only 3% of the morcellator procedures could not be finished by the residents themselves. If this had not happened, procedure time differences might have been more pronounced. A training simulator could overcome these limitations; no doubt, however, that some difficulties encountered in the operating room cannot be imitated. Although our study
11 Hysteroscopic morcellator 39 could not provide adequate information on a possible learning curve, residents felt significantly more comfortable with the hysteroscopic morcellator than with the conventional resectoscope. Likewise, the trainer s evaluation of the resident s skills was also in favour of the morcellator. In our opinion surgery techniques should be user friendly, not only to prevent distraction due to technique related difficulties but also for teaching purposes. Unfortunately, literature deals with this subject sparsely. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study on this subject in hysteroscopic surgery. In contrast to other studies describing alternative techniques (e.g. bipolar resectoscopy), we randomly assigned patients to either removal with the conventional resectoscope or with the hysteroscopic morcellator in order to make an adequate comparison.
Chapter 2. Implementation of hysteroscopic surgery in The Netherlands. Heleen van Dongen Wendela Kolkman Frank Willem Jansen
Chapter 2 Implementation of hysteroscopic surgery in The Netherlands Heleen van Dongen Wendela Kolkman Frank Willem Jansen Adapted from Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 07;132:232-236 Introduction Diagnostic
More informationHIGH-DEFINITION HYSTEROSCOPY FOR A HIGH STANDARD OF CARE.
HIGH-DEFINITION HYSTEROSCOPY FOR A HIGH STANDARD OF CARE. Our next-generation TruClear hysteroscopes were designed with your technique and the patient experience in mind TruClear Elite Hysteroscope Mini
More informationIBS Integrated Bigatti Shaver, an alternative approach to operative hysteroscopy
Gynecol Surg (2011) 8:187 191 DOI 10.1007/s10397-010-0634-8 ORIGINAL ARTICLE IBS Integrated Bigatti Shaver, an alternative approach to operative hysteroscopy G. Bigatti Received: 7 September 2010 / Accepted:
More informationSubject Index. Cavaterm, endometrial ablation complications 146, 150 contraindications 152 cost analysis compared with hysterectomy
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO Subject Index Abnormal uterine bleeding, see also Adenomyosis, Endometrial cancer, Menorrhagia dilatation and curettage 21, 22, 25 hysteroscopy of premenopausal women anesthesia
More informationAssessment of uterine cavity after hystroscopic removal of sub- mucous fibroids by morcellation
The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine (October 2018) Vol. 73 (11), Page 7982-7987 Assessment of uterine cavity after hystroscopic removal of sub- mucous fibroids by morcellation Waleed A. Ayad Department
More informationAmbulatory endoscopic treatment of symptomatic benign endometrial polyps: a feasibility study Clark T J, Godwin J, Khan K S, Gupta J K
Ambulatory endoscopic treatment of symptomatic benign endometrial polyps: a feasibility study Clark T J, Godwin J, Khan K S, Gupta J K Record Status This is a critical abstract of an economic evaluation
More informationTissue Morcellation: Managing Risks to Drive Best Patient Outcomes
Transcript Details This is a transcript of a continuing medical education (CME) activity accessible on the ReachMD network. Additional media formats for the activity and full activity details (including
More informationComplications from Hysteroscopic Distending Media
Complications from Hysteroscopic Distending Media FACOG Medical Director of the AAGL Advancing Minimally Invasive Gynecology Worldwide Disclosure I have no financial relationships to disclose.. Objective
More informationTradition with a Future
GYN 57 4.0 03/2018-E Tradition with a Future Solutions for operative hysteroscopy Intrauterine BIGATTI Shaver (IBS ) The IBS shaver system permits most operative procedures in hysteroscopy such as, for
More informationCitation for published version (APA): Timmermans, A. (2009). Postmenopausal bleeding : studies on the diagnostic work-up
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Postmenopausal bleeding : studies on the diagnostic work-up Timmermans, A. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Timmermans, A. (2009). Postmenopausal
More informationVirtaMed GynoS hysteroscopy Module descriptions
VirtaMed GynoS hysteroscopy Module descriptions VirtaMed AG Rütistr. 12, 8952 Zurich Switzerland info@virtamed.com www.virtamed.com Phone: +41 44 500 9690 Table of contents Table of contents... 1 Essential
More informationIs Outpatient Hysteroscopy the New Gold Standard?
Is Outpatient Hysteroscopy the New Gold Standard? McIlwaine K, Readman E, Ma T, Manwaring J, Ellett L, Hicks L, Porter J, Cameron M, Maher P. Mercy Hospital for Women, Melbourne, Australia Background Abnormal
More informationPreoperative assessment of submucous fibroids by three-dimensional saline contrast sonohysterography
Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2011; 38: 350 354 Published online 10 August 2011 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI: 10.1002/uog.9049 Preoperative assessment of submucous fibroids by three-dimensional
More informationReview Article Hysteroscopic Morcellation of Submucous Myomas: A Systematic Review
Hindawi BioMed Research International Volume 2017, Article ID 6848250, 6 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/6848250 Review Article Hysteroscopic Morcellation of Submucous Myomas: A Systematic Review Salvatore
More informationHysteroscopic polypectomy in 240 premenopausal and postmenopausal women
Hysteroscopic polypectomy in 240 premenopausal and postmenopausal women Sangchai Preutthipan, M.D., and Yongyoth Herabutya, F.R.C.O.G. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi
More informationMeet the Authors: Fertility Outcomes After Hysteroscopic Morcellation of Polyps and Fibroids with the MyoSure System
Transcript Details This is a transcript of an educational program accessible on the ReachMD network. Details about the program and additional media formats for the program are accessible by visiting: https://reachmd.com/programs/medical-industry-feature/meet-authors-fertility-outcomes-afterhysteroscopic-morcellation-polyps-and-fibroids-myosure-system/9511/
More informationSTOP/START. On the Web. 12 intraoperative videos from Dr. Garcia, at
Diagnostic hysteroscopy spies polyp previously missed on transvaginal ultrasound and dilation and curettage. STOP performing dilation and curettage for the evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding START
More informationHysteroscopicmorcellator: a newperspectivein endoscopy
Università degli Studi di Padova Dipartimento di Scienze Ginecologiche e della Riproduzione Umana Scuola di Specializzazione in Ginecologia e Ostetricia Direttore Prof. Giovanni Battista Nardelli Hysteroscopicmorcellator:
More informationFrequency of menses. Duration of menses 3 days to 7 days. Flow/amount of menses Average blood loss with menstruation is 60-80cc.
Frequency of menses 24 days (0.5%) to 35 days (0.9%) Age 25, 40% are between 25 and 28 days Age 25-35, 60% are between 25 and 28 days Teens and women over 40 s cycles may be longer apart Duration of menses
More informationbleeding Studies naar de diagnostiek van endom triumcarcinoom bij vrouwen met postm nopauzaal bloedverlies. Studies on the
Studies on the diagnosis of endometria cancer in women with postmenopausal bleeding. Studies naar de diagnostiek va endometriumcarcinoom bij vrouwen m postmenopauzaal bloedverlies. Studies on the diagnosis
More informationThe value of pre-operative treatment with GnRH analogues in women with submucous fibroids: a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial
Human Reproduction, Vol.25, No.9 pp. 2264 2269, 2010 Advanced Access publication on July 27, 2010 doi:10.1093/humrep/deq188 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Gynaecology The value of pre-operative treatment with GnRH analogues
More informationINTERVENTIONAL PROCEDURES PROGRAMME
NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR CLINICAL EXCELLENCE INTERVENTIONAL PROCEDURES PROGRAMME Interventional procedure overview of microwave endometrial ablation Introduction This overview has been prepared to assist
More informationCorrelation of Endometrial Thickness with the Histopathological Pattern of Endometrium in Postmenopausal Bleeding
DOI 10.1007/s13224-014-0627-z ORIGINAL ARTICLE Correlation of Endometrial Thickness with the Histopathological Pattern of Endometrium in Postmenopausal Bleeding Singh Pushpa Dwivedi Pooja Mendiratta Shweta
More informationLecture 1: Basic Requirements. Equipment. Intermediate and Advanced Hysteroscopy What s New? Dubai BSGE Approved Course 20 th Nov 2006
Lecture 1: Basic Requirements Equipment Intermediate and Advanced Hysteroscopy What s New? Dubai BSGE Approved Course 20 th Nov 2006 Mr Nick Panay Consultant Gynaecologist & Honorary Senior Lecturer Hammersmith
More informationBipolar Resection Solution Systems
Gynecology Bipolar Resection Solution Systems Efficient cutting and coagulation Autoclavable, lower cost of ownership Safe, bipolar systems for operative hysteroscopy procedures, such as: Myoma resection
More informationRole of diagnostic hysteroscopy in evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding and its histopathological correlation
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology Chaudhari KR et al. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Sep;3(3):666-670 www.ijrcog.org pissn 2320-1770 eissn 2320-1789
More informationMedical Management of Fibroids Esmya. Dr Paula Briggs Consultant in Sexual and Reproductive Health
Medical Management of Fibroids Esmya Dr Paula Briggs Consultant in Sexual and Reproductive Health Treatment options for Uterine Fibroids ESMYA Selective Uterine Artery Embolisation Fibroid ablation (hysteroscopic
More informationAdvanced 3D Ultrasound Incorporating Fly Thru Virtual Imaging Promotes the Concept of Ultrasound Hysteroscopy
Advanced 3D Ultrasound Incorporating Fly Thru Virtual Imaging Promotes the Concept of Ultrasound Hysteroscopy Bill Smith Clinical Diagnostics Services, London, UK Introduction Conventional hysteroscopy
More informationExcessive menstrual blood loss
Ian Chilcott Excessive menstrual blood loss >80mls - That interferes with physical, emotional, social and material quality of life 1 in 20 women aged 30 to 49 years consult their GP each year with menorrhagia
More informationVirtaMed HystSim TM. Experience Hands-on Diagnostic and Operative Hysteroscopy
VirtaMed HystSim TM Experience Hands-on Diagnostic and Operative Hysteroscopy Simbionix and VirtaMed have joined forces to provide surgeons in OB/GYN the most advanced training system available for diagnostic
More informationHysteroscopic myomectomy with the IBS Integrated Bigatti Shaver versus conventional bipolar resectoscope: a retrospective comparative study
Hysteroscopic myomectomy with the IBS Integrated Bigatti Shaver versus conventional bipolar resectoscope: a retrospective comparative study G. Bigatti, S. Franchetti, M. Rosales, A. Baglioni & S. Bianchi
More informationSummary CHAPTER 1. Introduction
Summary This thesis aims to evaluate the diagnostic work-up in postmenopausal women presenting with abnormal vaginal bleeding. The Society of Dutch Obstetrics and Gynaecology composed a guideline, which
More informationMenstrual Disorders & Ambulatory Gynaecology
Menstrual Disorders & Ambulatory Gynaecology Mr. Nagui Lewis Aziz M B, CH B, FRCOG Consultant Gynaecologist The Royal Oldham Hospital 01/09/2018 Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB ) is a common problem responsible
More informationDIAGNOSTIC HYSTEROSCOPY IN ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING & IT'S HISTOPATHOLOGIC CORRELATION: OUR EXPERIENCE
Original Article DIAGNOSTIC HYSTEROSCOPY IN ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING & IT'S HISTOPATHOLOGIC CORRELATION: OUR EXPERIENCE Abstract : 1 2 3 4 Neetha Nandan, Lakshmi Manjeera, Supriya Rai & Mangala Gowri
More informationPostmenopausal bleeding (PMB) guidelines for women with abnormal vaginal bleeding
Guideline Postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) guidelines for women with abnormal vaginal bleeding 1 Scope For local use. 2 Purpose To provide evidence based care relating to several areas of the service including
More informationEndometrial Cancer Biopsy of the endometrium Evaluation of women of all ages
Endometrial Cancer Biopsy of the endometrium Evaluation of women of all ages Barbara S. Apgar, MD, MS Professor of Family Medicine University of Michigan Health System Ann Arbor, Michigan Cancer of the
More informationFibroid mapping. Haitham Hamoda MD FRCOG Consultant Gynaecologist, Subspecialist in Reproductive Medicine & Surgery King s College Hospital
Fibroid mapping Haitham Hamoda MD FRCOG Consultant Gynaecologist, Subspecialist in Reproductive Medicine & Surgery King s College Hospital Fibroids Common condition >70% of women by onset of menopause.
More informationEndometrial line thickness in different conditions.
Endometrial line thickness in different conditions 1 Endometrial thickens in response to Rising estrogen levels during the menstrual cycle and then shedding endometrial at the times of menses 2 The thickens
More informationNational inpatient diagnostic hysteroscopy survey
Gynecol Surg (2010) 7:53 59 DOI 10.1007/s10397-009-0508-0 CLINICAL PRACTICE National inpatient diagnostic hysteroscopy survey Sherif Tawfeek & Peter Scott Received: 21 June 2009 /Accepted: 9 July 2009
More informationENDOSCOPIC TREATMENT OF UTERINE MALFORMATIONS
ENDOSCOPIC TREATMENT OF UTERINE MALFORMATIONS PROF. ANTONIO PERINO CATTEDRA DI GINECOLOGIA OSTETRICIA E FISIOPATOLOGIA DELLA RIPRODUZIONE UMANA UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI PALERMO Mullerian duct malformations
More informationOffice hysteroscopy after ultrasonographic diagnosis of thickened endometrium in postmenopausal patients
Gynecol Surg (2009) 6:317 322 DOI 10.1007/s10397-009-0485-3 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Office hysteroscopy after ultrasonographic diagnosis of thickened endometrium in postmenopausal patients Alexandra Cordeiro
More informationComparison of Sonography, Sonohysterography, and Hysteroscopy for Evaluation of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
Comparison of Sonography, Sonohysterography, and Hysteroscopy for Evaluation of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Mo H. Saidi, MD, R. Kent Sadler, MD, Vernon D. Theis, MD, Bruce D. Akright, MD, Scott A. Farhart,
More informationLaparoscopic Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy, Setting Up a
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, 1996, Vol. 3, pp. 121-124 Reprints available directly from the publisher Photocopying permitted by license only (C) 1996 OPA (Overseas Publishers Association) Amsterdam
More informationChawla Indu Tripathi Suchita Vohra Poonam Singh Pushpa
DOI 10.1007/s13224-013-0501-4 ORIGINAL ARTICLE To Evaluate the Accuracy of Saline Infusion Sonohysterography (SIS) for Evaluation of Uterine Cavity Abnormalities in Patients with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
More informationHYSTEROSCOPIC SURGERY AT THE AGA KHAN HOSPITAL, NAIROBI. R.B. PARKAR and N. G. THAGANA ABSTRACT
336 EAST AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL July 2004 East African Medical Journal Vol. 81 No. 7 July 2004 HYSTEROSCOPIC SURGERY AT THE AGA KHAN HOSPITAL, NAIROBI R. B., Parkar, MBBS, MMed, Consultant Obstetrician,
More informationCOLLEGE OF OBSTETRICIANS AND GYNAECOLOGISTS, SINGAPORE 2006
COLLEGE OF OBSTETRICIANS AND GYNAECOLOGISTS, SINGAPORE 2006 CONSENSUS STATEMENT ON THE MANAGEMENT AND EVALUATION OF MENORRHAGIA (INCLUDING MANAGEMENT OF FIBROIDS) Introduction Menorrhagia is defined as
More informationDelivering an effective outpatient service in gynaecology. A randomised controlled trial analysing the cost of outpatient versus daycase hysteroscopy
BJOG: an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology March 2004, Vol. 111, pp. 243 248 DOI: 1 0.1111/j.1471-0528.2004.00064.x Delivering an effective outpatient service in gynaecology. A randomised
More informationSaid Saleh. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
ARC Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics Volume 1, Issue 2, 2016, PP 7-12 ISSN No. (Online) 2456-0561 http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2456-0561.0102003 www.arcjournals.org Efficacy and Acceptability of two
More informationInternational Journal of Health Sciences and Research ISSN:
International Journal of Health Sciences and Research www.ijhsr.org ISSN: 22499571 Original Research Article Role of Hysteroscopy Vs Transvaginal Sonography in Diagnosis of Abnormal Uterine Dr. Preeti
More informationInvestigating HMB- an evidence based approach
BSGE Meeting: Contemporary management of heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) in primary and secondary care: (7 th December 2018, RCOG) Investigating HMB- an evidence based approach T. Justin Clark MB ChB, MD(Hons),
More informationHeavy Menstrual Bleeding. Mr Nick Nicholas MD FRCOG Grad Dip Law. Consultant Gynaecologist
Heavy Menstrual Bleeding Mr Nick Nicholas MD FRCOG Grad Dip Law. Consultant Gynaecologist Why is HMB so important? 1:20 women aged 30-49 consult their GP with HMB Once referred to gynaecologist, surgical
More informationDipartimento Materno-Infantile Direttore : Paolo Puggina. Miomectomia laparoscopica indicazioni e limiti Giuseppe De Francesco
Dipartimento Materno-Infantile Direttore : Paolo Puggina Miomectomia laparoscopica indicazioni e limiti Giuseppe De Francesco The clinical dilemma is whether we treat all symptomatic uterine leiomyomas
More informationA randomised trial comparing the H Pipelle with the standard Pipelle for endometrial sampling at no-touch (vaginoscopic) hysteroscopy
DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2008.01992.x www.blackwellpublishing.com/bjog Gynaecological surgery A randomised trial comparing the H Pipelle with the standard Pipelle for endometrial sampling at no-touch (vaginoscopic)
More informationUterine resectoscopic myomectomy with and without microrelin pretreatment: a single-blinded randomized clinical trial.
Biomedical Research 2017; 28 (16): 6963-6967 ISSN 0970-938X www.biomedres.info Uterine resectoscopic myomectomy with and without microrelin pretreatment: a single-blinded randomized clinical trial. Abbas
More informationChapter 9. Ellen Hiemstra Navid Hossein pour Khaledian J. Baptist M.Z. Trimbos Frank Willem Jansen. Submitted
Chapter Implementation of OSATS in the Residency Program: a benchmark study Ellen Hiemstra Navid Hossein pour Khaledian J. Baptist M.Z. Trimbos Frank Willem Jansen Submitted Introduction The exposure to
More informationIndex. B Bladder, injury of, Bowel, injury of, , Brachytherapy, for cervical cancer, 357 Burns, electrosurgical,
Perioperative Nursing Clinics 1 (2006) 375 379 Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Abdominal hysterectomy Acidosis, from insufflation, 323 Active electrode monitoring, in
More informationFeasibility of a new system of classification of submucous myomas: a multicenter study
UTERINE FIBROIDS Feasibility of a new system of classification of submucous myomas: a multicenter study Ricardo Bassil Lasmar, Ph.D., M.D., a Zhang Xinmei, M.D., b Paul D. Indman, M.D., c,d Roger Keller
More informationInternational Journal of Medical and Health Sciences
International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences Journal Home Page: http://www.ijmhrs.net ISSN:2277-4505 Original article Comparison Of Imaging Modalities In Abnormal Uterine Bleeding : Correlation
More informationA new experience of speed
A new experience of speed Laser Enucleation System Laser Enucleation System Laser Enucleation for BPH is continually increasing in importance. The PIRANHA Laser Enucleation System from Richard Wolf also
More informationYour visit to the Outpatient Hysteroscopy Clinic
Your visit to the Outpatient Hysteroscopy Clinic Department of Gynaecology Patient Information What What is the is an Outpatient outpatient Cystoscopy hysteroscopy? Clinic? An outpatient hysteroscopy means
More informationDiagnostic Features and Therapeutic Consequences of Hysteroscopy in Women with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding and Abortion
American Journal of Applied Sciences 9 (1): 13-17, 2012 ISSN 1546-9239 2012 Science Publications Diagnostic Features and Therapeutic Consequences of Hysteroscopy in Women with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
More informationHysteroscopy - current trends and challenges
J Obstet Gynecol India Vol. 58, No. 1 : January/February 2008 pg 57-62 Original Article Hysteroscopy - current trends and challenges Gour A, Zawiejska A, Mettler L Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,
More informationCore Module 7: Surgical Procedures
Core Module 7: Surgical Procedures Learning outcomes: To understand and demonstrate appropriate knowledge, skills and attitudes in relation to surgical procedures Knowledge criteria GMP Clinical competency
More informationPALM-COEIN: Your AUB Counseling Guide
PALM-COEIN: Your AUB Counseling Guide 10 million+ Treat the cause, not the symptom In the U.S, more than 10 million women between the ages of 35 and 49 are affected by AUB 1 Diagnosis Cause Structural
More informationEndometrial Ablation. Description
Federal Employee Program 1310 G Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20005 202.942.1000 Fax 202.942.1125 Subject: Endometrial Ablation Page: 1 of 10 Last Review Status/Date: December 2012 Endometrial Ablation
More information2 Philomeen Weijenborg, Moniek ter Kuile and Frank Willem Jansen.
Adapted from Fertil Steril 2007;87:373-80 Intraobserver and interobserver reliability of videotaped laparoscopy evaluations for endometriosis and adhesions 2 Philomeen Weijenborg, Moniek ter Kuile and
More informationHysteroscopy. Department of Gynaecology. Patient information
Hysteroscopy Department of Gynaecology Patient information What is is a hysteroscopy? a Hysteroscopy? A hysteroscopy is a procedure during which the inside of the uterus (womb) is examined using a thin
More informationWe are IntechOpen, the world s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists. International authors and editors
We are IntechOpen, the world s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists 3,800 116,000 120M Open access books available International authors and editors Downloads Our
More informationTitle:Transurethral Cystolitholapaxy with the AH -1 Stone Removal System for the Treatment of Bladder Stones of Variable Size
Author's response to reviews Title:Transurethral Cystolitholapaxy with the AH -1 Stone Removal System for the Treatment of Bladder Stones of Variable Size Authors: Aihua Li (Li121288@aliyun.com) Chengdong
More informationComparison of Office Hysteroscopy, Transvaginal Ultrasonography and Endometrial Biopsy in Evaluation of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
JSLS Comparison of Office Hysteroscopy, Transvaginal Ultrasonography and Endometrial Biopsy in Evaluation of Uterine Bleeding Lubna Pal, MD, L. Lapensee, MD, T.L. Toth, MD, K.B. Isaacson, MD ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION
More informationREPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY
REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY FERTILITY AND STERILITY VOL. 76, NO. 2, AUGUST 2001 Copyright 2001 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Published by Elsevier Science Inc. Printed on acid-free paper in
More informationVirtual Hysteroscopy With 3D Sonohysterography In Comparison To Office Hysteroscopy For The Diagnosis Of Endometrial Polyps
ISPUB.COM The Internet Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics Volume 23 Number 1 Virtual Hysteroscopy With 3D Sonohysterography In Comparison To Office Hysteroscopy For The Diagnosis Of Endometrial Polyps
More informationOver the past year, a few gems have been
UPDATE Abnormal uterine bleeding Howard T. Sharp, MD Dr. Sharp is Professor and Vice Chair for Clinical and Quality Activities, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Health Sciences
More informationHysteroscopy Clinic. Patient Information. Women and Children - Gynaecology
8 Hysteroscopy Clinic Patient Information Women and Children - Gynaecology When a woman is first told that she has a gynaecological condition that requires further investigation at a specialised hospital
More informationCHAPTER 13 Gynaecological Procedures
CHAPTER 13 Propunere noua clasificare proceduri folosind codificarea ICD-10-AM versiunea 3, 30 martie 2004 Gynaecological Procedures BLOCK 1240 Application, insertion or removal procedures on ovary 35518-00
More informationBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Saline infusion sonohysterography versus hysteroscopy for uterine cavity evaluation Faryal Khan, Sadia Jamaat, Dania Al-Jaroudi From the Ultrasound Department, Women s Specialized Hospital, King Fahad
More informationUse of Power Morcellators: Minimizing Liability, Assuring Safety? By Barbara Youngberg
EXAM INATIONS Examining the industry market trends that matter most to you February 2015 A Beecher Carlson Publication Use of Power Morcellators: Minimizing Liability, Assuring Safety? By Barbara Youngberg
More informationA Multicenter Study Analyzing the different Indications of Hysteroscopy in General Population and the Complication Rate: An Experience of 11 Years
A Multicenter Study Analyzing the different Indications of Hysteroscopy in General 10.5005/jp-journals-10006-1319 Population and the Complication Rate REVIEW ARTICLE A Multicenter Study Analyzing the different
More informationPedram Bral, M.D. Maimonides Medical Center Brooklyn, New York
Pedram Bral, M.D. Maimonides Medical Center Brooklyn, New York 2-Year Program Optional Degrees: MPH MBA MS Other: None Number of Faculty: GYN Faculty: 4 UROGYN Faculty: 2 REI Faculty: 1 ONCOLOGY Faculty:
More informationCorporate Medical Policy
Corporate Medical Policy Intrauterine Ablation or Resection of the Endometrium File Name: Origination: Last CAP Review: Next CAP Review: Last Review: intrauterine_ablation_or_resection_of_the_endometrium
More informationLaparoscopy and Hysteroscopy
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE Laparoscopy and Hysteroscopy A Guide for Patients PATIENT INFORMATION SERIES Published by the American Society for Reproductive Medicine under the direction of
More informationReproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Rotation Objectives. Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Specialists
Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Rotation Objectives Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Specialists Terry O Grady M.D., FRCSC Sarah Healey M.D., FRCSC Deanna Murphy M.D., FRCSC Sean Murphy
More informationLong-term Results in the Treatment of Menorrhagia and Hypermenorrhea With a Thermal Balloon Endometrial Ablation Technique
Longterm Results in the Treatment of Menorrhagia and Hypermenorrhea With a Thermal Balloon Endometrial Ablation Technique L. Mettler, Prof Dr Med SCIENTIFIC PAPER ABSTRACT Background and Objectives: Evaluation
More informationOriginal Policy Date
MP 4.01.01 Endometrial Ablation Medical Policy Section OB/Gyn/Reproduction Issue 12:2013 Original Policy Date 12:2013 Last Review Status/Date Reviewed with literature search/12:2013 Return to Medical Policy
More informationIs diagnostic hysteroscopy an effective tool to increase ART results?
Is diagnostic hysteroscopy an effective tool to increase ART results? Mr. Tarek El-Toukhy, MSc MD MRCOG Consultant in Reproductive Medicine and Surgery, Guy s and St. Thomas Hospital, London Summary Technical
More informationInvestigation of abnormal uterine bleeding in perimenopausal women by hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy
Gynecol Surg (2005) 2: 51 55 DOI 10.1007/s10397-004-0076-2 CURRENT REFERENCES I. Stamatellos Æ P. Stamatopoulos Æ D. Rousso E. Asimakopoulos Æ C. Stamatopoulos Æ I. Bontis Investigation of abnormal uterine
More informationResearch Methods in Forest Sciences: Learning Diary. Yoko Lu December Research process
Research Methods in Forest Sciences: Learning Diary Yoko Lu 285122 9 December 2016 1. Research process It is important to pursue and apply knowledge and understand the world under both natural and social
More informationOffice hysteroscopy offers many benefits
MINIMALLY INVASIVE GYNECOLOGY How to reduce patient anxiety and pain during in-office hysteroscopy Amy L. Garcia, MD Dr. Garcia is Director, Center for Women s Surgery and Garcia Institute for Hysteroscopic
More information2.0 Synopsis. ABT-358 M Clinical Study Report R&D/06/099. (For National Authority Use Only) to Item of the Submission: Volume:
2.0 Synopsis Abbott Laboratories Name of Study Drug: Zemplar Injection Name of Active Ingredient: Paricalcitol Individual Study Table Referring to Item of the Submission: Volume: Page: (For National Authority
More informationINTERVENTIONAL PROCEDURES PROGRAMME
NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR CLINICAL EXCELLENCE INTERVENTIONAL PROCEDURES PROGRAMME Interventional procedure overview of balloon thermal endometrial ablation (Cavaterm) Introduction This overview has been prepared
More informationThe Journal of International Medical Research 2008; 36:
The Journal of International Medical Research 2008; 36: 1205 1213 Transvaginal Ultrasonography and Saline Infusion Sonohysterography for the Detection of Intra-uterine Lesions in Pre- and Post-menopausal
More informationResearch Article A Structured Assessment to Decrease the Amount of Inconclusive Endometrial Biopsies in Women with Postmenopausal Bleeding
International Surgical Oncology Volume 2016, Article ID 3039261, 5 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3039261 Research Article A Structured Assessment to Decrease the Amount of Inconclusive Endometrial
More informationLaparoscopy as the primary modality for the treatment of women with endometrial carcinoma Eltabbakh G H, Shamonki M I, Moody J M, Garafano L L
Laparoscopy as the primary modality for the treatment of women with endometrial carcinoma Eltabbakh G H, Shamonki M I, Moody J M, Garafano L L Record Status This is a critical abstract of an economic evaluation
More informationProspective multicentre randomized controlled trial to evaluate factors influencing the success rate of office diagnostic hysteroscopy
Human Reproduction Page 1 of 6 Hum. Reprod. Advance Access published November 18, 2004 doi:10.1093/humrep/deh559 Prospective multicentre randomized controlled trial to evaluate factors influencing the
More information4 Proven Ways of How To Treat Fibroids Naturally
4 Proven Ways of How To Treat Fibroids Naturally Below is an in-depth post that answers virtually each question on how to treat fibroids naturally. Get the time to browse it to the end as it is very informative.
More informationHysteroscopy. What you need to know. 139 Dumaresq Street Campbelltown Phone Fax
Hysteroscopy What you need to know 139 Dumaresq Street Campbelltown Phone 4628 5292 Fax 4628 0349 www.nureva.com.au September 2015 HYSTEROSCOPY AND DILATATION & CURETTAGE OF THE UTERUS Introduction I have
More informationCLINICAL PRESENTATION AND RADIOLOGY QUIZ QUESTION
Donald L. Renfrew, MD Radiology Associates of the Fox Valley, 333 N. Commercial Street, Suite 100, Neenah, WI 54956 2/12/2011 Radiology Quiz of the Week # 7 Page 1 CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND RADIOLOGY QUIZ
More informationLong-term economic evaluation of resectoscopic endometrial ablation versus hysterectomy for the treatment of menorrhagia Hidlebaugh D A, Orr R K
Long-term economic evaluation of resectoscopic endometrial ablation versus hysterectomy for the treatment of menorrhagia Hidlebaugh D A, Orr R K Record Status This is a critical abstract of an economic
More informationMPH Quiz. 1. How many primaries are present based on this pathology report? 2. What rule is this based on?
MPH Quiz Case 1 Surgical Pathology from hysterectomy performed July 11, 2007 Final Diagnosis: Uterus, resection: Endometrioid adenocarcinoma, Grade 1 involving most of endometrium, myometrial invasion
More informationPreoperative Evaluation of Submucosal Myoma by Virtual Hysteroscopy
Virtual Hysteroscopy Takeda et al Preoperative Evaluation of Submucosal Myoma by Virtual Hysteroscopy Akihiro Takeda, M.D., Shuichi Manabe, M.D., Satoyo Hosono, M.D., and Hiromi Nakamura, M.D. Abstract
More information