Development of Fertility Programs for High Producing Dairy Cows

Transcription

1 Development of Fertility Programs for High Producing Dairy Cows Paul M. Fricke M. C. Wiltbank, P. D. Carvalho, and J. O. Giordano

2 Theriogenology 44:915; 1995 GnRH PGF2 GnRH TAI 7 Days 48 h 16 h

3 Ovsynch Pursley, Mee, & Wiltbank, 1995; Theriogenology 44:915 G1 GnRH PGF 7 d 56 h PGF 2α G2 GnRH Take-Home Message: The key factor affecting fertility to an Ovsynch protocol is the response to each of the three sequential hormonal treatments which can be defined using progesterone profiles.

4 PGF2α PGF2α GnRH PGF2α GnRH 14 days 10 to 12 days 7 days 56 h

5 Fertility Programs for 1 st AI Presynch-Ovsynch Moreira et al., 2001; J. Dairy Sci. 84: Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat When anovular cows (23%) were removed from the analysis, presynchronization increased P/AI PGF PGF AI to Estrus GnRH PGF GnRH TAI

6 Fertility Programs for 1 st AI Presynch-Ovsynch Moreira et al., 2001; J. Dairy Sci. 84: Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat PGF PGF AI to Estrus GnRH PGF GnRH TAI

7 3 randomized controlled studies including 1,689 cows were used in a meta-analysis. The incorporation of AI to estrus during a Presynch-Ovsynch protocol decreased the odds of pregnancy by 35%.

8 Outline Effect of Ovulatory Response to G1 on P/AI Effect of Progesterone at G1 and PGF on P/AI Effect of Progesterone at G2 on P/AI Addition of a Second PGF 2α Treatment Increases P/AI 5-d vs. 7-d Ovsynch Protocols Achieving a 30% 21-d Pregnancy Rate in a 30,000 lb. Dairy Herd

9 Outline Effect of Ovulatory Response to G1 on P/AI

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11 Time after GnRH (h)

12 Experimental Design Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat GnRH GnRH PGF PGF GnRH TAI GnRH PGF ± PGF

13 Effect of treatment on P4 6 High-P4 (n = 131) a Progesterone (ng/ml) _ ± PGF 2 2 d d Low-P4 c e 2 d 7 d 56 h G1 (n = 128) Treatment: P < 0.01 Day: P < 0.01 Treatment x Day: P < 0.01 b PGF2α f G2 Day of the Ovsynch protocol

14 Ovulation (%) Effect of treatment on ovulatory response to G1 100 Low-P4 High-P % P< % (n = 111) (n = 116)

15 Effect of treatment on P/AI Pregnancies/AI (%) % 52.9% 53.7% Low-P4 High-P4 +3.4% P = % P = % P = % 50.5% 47.6% (n = 398) (n = 395) (n = 397) (n = 393) (n = 396) (n = 391) 32 d 46 d 67 d

16 70 Effect of ovulatory response to G1 on P/AI Ovulating at G1 Not Ovulating at G1 Pregnancies/AI (%) % 42% (n = 153) (n = 67) 32 d P=0.02

17 Expected Pregnancies/AI Treatment Item Low P4 High P4 Ovulation to G1 YES 81.0% 60.0% P/AI for cows ovulating to G1 58.2% 58.2% Overall P/AI 47.1% 34.9% NO 19.0% 40.0% P/AI for cows not ovulating to G1 41.8% 41.8% Overall P/AI 7.9% 16.7% Expected P/AI 55.0% 51.6% Expected treatment difference = +3.4%

18 Outline Effect of Ovulatory Response to G1 on P/AI Effect of Progesterone at G1 and PGF on P/AI

19 Key points during the Ovsynch Protocol G1 GnRH PGF 7 d 56 h PGF 2α G2 GnRH Question: How does progesterone concentration during the Ovsynch protocol affect fertility?

20 Pregnancies/AI (%) Effect of P4 at G1 on fertility Carvalho et al., 2015; J. Dairy Sci. (Abstr.) 20% of cows 30% d P < n = 6,144 40% ab 41% ab 40% ab 44% a 43% ab 38% b 37% bc 6% of cows 30% cd (1,259) (409) (944) (911) (852) (642) (479) (267) (381) Progesterone (ng/ml) at G1

21 Pregnancies/AI (%) Effect of P4 at PGF on fertility Carvalho et al., 2015; J. Dairy Sci. (Abstr.) 21% of cows 20% e 37% d P < N = 3,383 44% abc 47%ab38%cd 41% bcd 44% abcd 51% a 48% ab (681) (465) (395) (413) (397) (349) (271) (177) (235) Progesterone (ng/ml) at PGF

22 Presynch Ovsynch 1) Anovular cows are not affected 2) Cows are not tightly presynchronized PGF2α PGF2α GnRH PGF2α GnRH 14 days 10 to 12 days 7 days 56 h

23 5,818 records from 13 studies in 8 herds prevalence = 23.3% Range: 7.3% to 41.7%

24 Frequency of AI Relative to the Second PGF Injection of Presynch Cows in estrus 3 to 4 d after the second PGF injection of Presynch and starting Ovsynch 10 d after PGF would be days 6 to 7 of the estrous cycle. However, only 50% of cows are in estrus 3-4 d after the second PGF injection of Presynch. Day from second PGF injection

25 Fertility Programs for 1 st AI Double-Ovsynch Souza et al., 2008; Theriogenology 70: Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat GnRH PGF GnRH GnRH PGF GnRH TAI

26 Effect of treatment on fertility 39 to 45 d after TAI Souza et al., 2009; Theriogenology 70: Effect P-value Treatment 0.03 Parity Primiparous Multiparous n=73 n=107 n=69 n=88 Presynch Ovsynch Double Ovsynch

27 Effect of treatment on P/AI 39 d after TAI Herlihy et al., 2012; J. Dairy Sci. 70: Effect P-value Treatment 0.03 Parity Primiparous 48 Multiparous 53 P/AI (%) n=387 n=463 n=391 n=446 Presynch Ovsynch Double Ovsynch

28 Outline Effect of Ovulatory Response to G1 on P/AI Effect of Progesterone at G1 and PGF on P/AI Effect of Progesterone at G2 on P/AI

29 Key points during the Ovsynch Protocol G1 GnRH PGF 7 d 56 h PGF G2 GnRH Question: How does progesterone concentration during the Ovsynch protocol affect fertility?

30 Effect of P4 at G2 on fertility Carvalho et al., 2015; J. Dairy Sci. (Abstr.) Pregnancies/AI (%) % b 46% a 43% ab 36% abc 20% cd (1,261) (946) (351) (155) (82) (61) P < N = 3, % of cows 16% cd 16% cd 11% d (51) (241) Progesterone (ng/ml) at Last GnRH

31 Outline Effect of Ovulatory Response to G1 on P/AI Effect of Progesterone at G1 and PGF on P/AI Effect of Progesterone at G2 on P/AI Addition of a Second PGF 2α Treatment Increases P/AI

32 A second PGF treatment during Double Ovsynch Brusveen et al., 2009; J. Dairy Sci. 92: Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat GnRH PGF GnRH GnRH PGF ±PGF GnRH TAI

33 Item 1 PGF 2 PGF Difference (%) P-value Primiparous (%) 46 (41/89) 48 (40/83) Multiparous (%) 37 (37/101) 45 (45/100) P-value Overall (%) 41 (78/190) 46 (85/183)

34 Effect of dose and timing of prostaglandin F 2α treatments during a Resynch protocol R. V. Barletta, P. D. Carvalho, L. F. Mello, C. E. Consentini, A. Jones, and P. M. Fricke

35 Resynch Treatments 56 h 16 h G1 7 Days PGF G2 TAI 7 Days 56 h 16 h G1 PGF G2 PGF TAI 56 h 16 h G1 7 Days 2x PGF G2 TAI

36 Luteal regression (136) (150) (108) Luteal regression (%)

37 Pregnancies/AI Pregnancies/AI (%) 31% 34% 32% (463) (495) (480) (439) (468) (456)

38 Comparison of Strategies for Induction of Luteal Regression during a Double-Ovsynch Protocol A.M. Niles, A.E. Jones, P.D. Carvalho, and P.M. Fricke

39 Trt 1 G1 2X Lutalyse 25 mg 7 d 24 h 32 h G2 TAI 16 h Trt 2 G1 HiCon Lutalyse 25 mg 7 d 56 h G2 TAI 16 h Trt 3 G1 HiCon Lutalyse 25 mg 8 d 32 h G2 TAI 16 h

40 Effect of treatment on P/AI 39 d after TAI by parity Effect P-value Treatment 0.04 Parity < Primiparous Multiparous P/AI (%) n=98 n=101 n=90 n=87 n=94 n=95 Group 1 Group 2 Group 3

41 Effect of low (<1.0 ng/ml) vs. high P4 (>1.0 ng/ml) at PGF on P/AI 39 d after TAI All Effect P-value P P/AI (%) n=45 n=504 P4 < 1.0 ng/ml P4 > 1.0 ng/ml

42 P4 0.5 ng/ml at G2 for cows with P4 > 1.0 ng/ml at PGF Effect P-value Treatment < Parity Cows with P4 0.5 ng/ml (%) Primiparous Multiparous n=82 n=89 n=82 n=72 n=87 n=91 Group 1 Group 2 Group 3

43 Fertility of lactating Holstein cows after synchronization of ovulation and TAI vs. AI after a synchronized estrus Santos et al., J. Dairy Sci. (abstr). SR=100% 50% (135/268) 39% (79/205) SR=77%

44 Effect of lactation on P/AI Santos et al., J. Dairy Sci. (abstr). Cows (%) TAI 51 Estrus (110) (86) (184) (134) Lact 1 Lact >1

45 Strategies for Resynchronization Paul M. Fricke, Ph.D. Professor of Dairy Science

46 Pregnancy Diagnosis & Resynch PD + PGF AI G1 G2 & TAI

47 Poor Fertility to Resynch TAI Bred # %Conc #Preg #Open Other Abort %Tot ===== ===== ===== ===== ===== ===== ==== OTHERS TOTALS

48 Double Ovsynch Giordano et al., 2012; J. Dairy Sci. 95: Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat GnRH GnRH PGF GnRH TAI GnRH PGF

49 Age and number of CL at PGF Percentage with incomplete luteolysis Day ~7 CL 36% (21/59) Day ~7 & Day ~14 CL 8% (6/74) Day ~14 CL 3% (5/166)

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51 Effect of 2 nd PGF on P/AI to Resynch Carvalho et al., 2015; J. Dairy Sci. 98: % (78/288) 35% (100/258)

52 Outline Effect of Ovulatory Response to G1 on P/AI Effect of Progesterone at G1 and PGF on P/AI Effect of Progesterone at G2 on P/AI Addition of a Second PGF 2α Treatment Increases P/AI 5-d vs. 7-d Ovsynch Protocols Achieving a 30% 21-d Pregnancy Rate in a 30,000 lb. Dairy Herd

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54 Double Ovsynch for First TAI Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat GnRH PGF GnRH GnRH PGF PGF GnRH TAI

55 32 d After AI Pregnancy Diagnosis with US Resynch for 2 nd and greater TAI 25 days After TAI Pre- G1 CL+ PGF 56 h 24 h 32 h G2 12 h TAI CL- 56 h CIDR 7 Days Insert 12 h 7 d 24 h 32 h G1 PGF G2 PGF TAI

56 TAI for First Three Breedings Parity 21-d Preg Rate Service Rate P/AI All cows 31% 66% 50% Primiparous 41% 70% 61% Multiparous 29% 65% 47% 176 DIM VWP = 76 d 76 DIM

57 BREDSUM By Times Bred January, 2015 to January, % pregnant after 3 AI

58 21-day Pregnancy Rate Median = 14.5% Mean = 15.3% 8,660 DRMS Holsteins Herds

59 21-day Pregnancy Rate ,917 DRMS Holstein Herds Median = 17.7% Mean = 18.6%

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