Practitioners` Forum. How can ET-praxis find his feet in the age of genomics? Frank Becker

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1 Practitioners` Forum How can ET-praxis find his feet in the age of genomics? Frank Becker

2 Key data of European cattle reproduction 90 millions of cattle Dairy cows : 23 millions Beef cows : 15 millions 22 millions of first inseminations Dairy : 85 % vs Beef : 15 % Holstein : 8.7 ; Simmenthal : 2.8 millions ; Charolais : ; Limousine :

3 INFORMATION ABOUT YOUNG ANIMALS UNTIL 2 YEARS AGO PEDIGREES genomic analysis is possible immediately after fertilization selection is possible very early (in both sexes) young bull dams young AI bulls + NEW! PHENOTYPE GENOMIC INFORMATIO N CONSEQUENCES: genetic (breeding) progress can be doubled costs of breeding value estimation can be reduced by more than 90% KNUT ROSCHLAU, MASTERRIND Germany

4 STRATEGY FOR GENOMIC SELECTION OF EMBRYOS Embryos day 6 7 Biopsy of 10 cells Whole genome amplification (over night) Sexing (next day) Transfer of female embryos (without breeding value) Freezing of male embryos genome analysis calculation of breeding values Best only! Selection of male embryos for transfer

5 In vivo embryo production in bovine Number of flushed donors 2011: 23,480 Number of transferable embryos: 108,711

6 Example: 24 calves from 6 flushings or OPU/IVP sessions the calf with the highest breeding value was produced only in the 6th flushing/session (P.I. = pedigree index; gzw = genomic breeding value) +10 points gzw P.I. gzw -10 points Flushings and OPU/IVP sessions

7 Embryo Transfers and % IVP embryos In vivo 109,802 (56.2% frozen) In vitro 5,661 (39.7% frozen) Embryo transfers and % IVP embryos numb transf % IVF 0 0

8 Development of bovine in vitro embryo production countries OPU sessions countries

9 Use of OPU in Europe ET teams Italy AVANTEA The Netherlands CRV France: UNCEIA France MIDATEST France: CREAVIA Germany MASTERRIND Minimum age of start OPU in pregnant animals Breeds 6-7 month Yes HF, Brown Swiss, Simmenthal, Chianina etc 12 month Yes HF and Belgium Blue 15 month Yes (between 35 and 60days) 15 month Yes (66% of donors) >10 month Yes, a selection After first heat 8-9 month Yes Montbeliard, HF, Charolaise, local breeds HF, Brown Swiss, Blonde d Aquitaine HF HF All other breeds Source Knijn H, AETE Workshop 2012: Oocyte collection; what is new?

10 IVP technologies used in 4 countries 2011 Activity The Netherlan ds Germany Italy France Description of OPU activity OPU, twice a week, without superovulation, CRV station (donors) + farm OPU, once a week, without superovulation, Masterrind station (donors + recipients) >> farm OPU, once or twice a week, without superovulation, Avantea station + farm OPU, once a week, with superovulation, 4 stations (donors, CREAVIA, GD, MIDATEST, UNCEIA) Number of OPU sessions (donor cows) Oocytes Number Transferable embryos (1,1) (3,2) (2,5) (2,0) Total

11 IVP results in commercial programs Immature COCs recovered twice weekly by OPU in vitro maturation TCM199/FCS/LH/FSH, with or without cysteamine (0.1 mm). fertilisation with frozen-thawed gradient-separated semen and culture for 7 d in SOFaaBSA. Group Sessions n Oocytes n Cleavage n (%) Embryo production Day 7 Mor+ Blast n (%) Transferable n Per session Relative increase Control (60.4) a 1277 (23.4) a a Cyst (64.5) b 1569 (34.4) b b 63.2% Merton et al., IETS 2006

12 We have to preserve embryo viability! Author Gonzales et al., 2008 Lacaze et al., 2009 Biopsied embryos 56 day 7 in vivo derived embryos (E) 671 day 7 in vivo derived G1 embryos (F) Biopsy procedure Freezing Pregnancy rate Home-made microblade fixed to a micromanipulator + holding pipette Home-made microblade fixed to a micromanipulator + holding pipette G1 (24), G2 (7) and G3 (23) embryos frozen in 1.5 M EG 2, direct transfer On D 35 and D 90 : G1 : % G2 : % G3 : % Fresh (284) 59 % 1.5 M EG + 40 % FCS 1 (53) or 0.1 M sucrose (340) 50 % In vivo derived embryos : high Pregnancy rates achieved under experimental and farm conditions

13 Accuracy (%) of genomic breeding values (gzw) in comparision to the accuracy of pedigree breeding values (P.I.) % procuction related traits functional traits RZG = total merit index RZM = milk production index RZS = somatic cell count RZE = exterior index RZN = functional herd life RZR = female reproduction KV = calving ease & stillbirth (paternal and maternal) Reents et al., 2011)

14 WORLD MILK PRODUCTION (x 1,000 t) AND DEVELOPMENT OF WORLD POPULATION (x 10,000)

15 World milk production in milion tones Source: FAOSTAT

16 BREEDING SYSTEM FOR PRODUCTION OF AI BULLS (HOLSTEINS) PURCHASED BULLS AI STATION SLAUGHTERHOUSE FARMS BEST BULLS! BULL CALVES FEMALES POPULATION OF FEMALE CALVES GENOMIC SELECTION GENOMIC SELECTION CALVES AI STATION, GERMANY NUCLEUS TOP HEIFERS (BULL DAMS) START WITH 10 MONTH GENOMIC SELECTION TRANSFER (FRESH) % RECIPIENTS TRANSFER 2 FLUSHINGS OPU/IVP (UP TO 4TH MONTH PREGN.) (5 EMBRYOS/FLUSH) (3 4 EMBRYOS/OPU SESSION) CONTAINER BEST HEIFERS! EMBRYOS PER DONOR FREEZING 60 70% PURCHASED EMBRYOS KNUT ROSCHLAU, MASTERRIND

17 Bovine In vivo Derived Embryo Activity in 2011 Continent Flushes Transfer. Embryos Number of Transferred Embryos Fresh Frozen Total & Percentage Africa % Asia % Europe % N. America % S. America % Oceania % 2011 totals % 2010 totals Per Cent Change % 0,12 % 1.77 % % %

18 Table: Bovine In vitro Produced Embryos in 2011 Continent s Transferrabl e Embryos Number of Transferred Embryos Fresh Frozen Total & Percentage Africa % Asia % Europe (8 cts) N. America % % S. America ,44 % Oceania % Total % 2010 Totals Per Cent Change % 8.94 % % %

19 Impact of Embryo genotyping on: AI business: early breeding evaluation sexing Preservation of genetic diversity? Handling Recipient-management: Fewer recipients needed Strong selection Pregnancy management

20 Thank you for your attention! Acknowledgement : K. Roschlau, C. Ponsart, H. Knin, S. Merton S. Lacase, P. Vos

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