Outline. Bio 105: Tissues Laboratory. Organization of the Human Body. Tissue - Epithelium. Tissues 3/2/ Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc

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1 Outline Bio 105: Tissues Laboratory Laboratory 5 Reading: Chapter 4 I. Cell to cell contact II. Body Cavities III. Membranes IV. Homeostasis V. Integumentary System I. Includes skin, hair and nails 1 2 Organization of the Human Body Multicellular organisms Specialized cells to perform specific tasks Cell organize into Tissues Organs Organ systems 4 Tissues 4 primary tissues types 1. Epithelial Tissue 2. Connective Tissue 3. Muscle Tissue 4. Nervous Tissue Tissue - Epithelium Covers the body surfaces Lines cavities and organs Forms glands 5 6 1

2 Tissue - Connective Binds and supports the body Provides protection for our organs Serves as a storage site for fat Participates in our immunity Muscle Tissue Muscle & Nervous Responsible for movement Nervous Receives stimuli and conducts nerve impulses 7 8 Tissue - Epithelial Epithelium Covers surfaces Serves for Protection Secretion Absorption May contain glands Cells are tightly packed together Tissue - Epithelial All epithelial tissues share 2 characteristics The apical side: free surface that may be specialized for protection, secretion or absorption The basal side: a basement membrane which binds the epithelial cells to underlying connective tissue basic shapes Squamous Cuboidal Columnar Tissue - Epithelial 3 Types Tissue - Epithelial Simple single layer Stratified two or more layers Pseudostratified looks like it has more than one layer but does not Glandular Secretes products

3 For each tissue You need to know the Name Location Function Simple Squamous Epithelium Flattened cells Lining of blood vessels Lining of air sacs (alveoli) in lungs Function Exchange of nutrients, waste and gases, protection Simple Squamous Epithelium Stratified Squamous Epithelium Simple squamous One layer of flattened cells Located in air sacs of lungs, heart and blood vessel linings Allows exchange of nutrients, gases, and wastes Several layers of flattened cells Surface of skin, lining of mouth, esophagus and vagina Provides protection against abrasion, infection and drying out Figure 4.1 (1 of 6) 16 Stratified Squamous Epithelium Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Stratified squamous Several layers of flattened cells Located on surface of skin, lining of mouth, esophagus, and vagina Provides protection against abrasion, infection, and drying out Figure 4.1 (4 of 6) 18 Cubed shaped cells Lining the kidney tubules, ovaries and glands Function Secretion Absorption 3

4 Simple cuboidal Epithelium Simple cuboidal One layer of cube-shaped cells Located in linings of kidney tubules and glands in absorption and secretion Figure 4.1 (2 of 6) 20 Simple Columnar Epithelium One layer of rectangular cells Lining the digestive tract, respiratory tract and the uterus Function Absorption Secretion Simple columnar epithelium SIMPLE EPITHELIUM Simple columnar One layer of tall, slender cells Located in lining of gut and respiratory tract in absorption and secretion Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium Looks like it has more than one layer but it does not Lines respiratory tract Function Remove debris out of the lungs Figure 4.1 (3 of 6) 22 Epithelial Tissue - Rare Stratified Columnar Epithelium More than one layer with cube shaped cells in the outer layer Stratified Columnar Epithelium More than one layer of rectangular cells in the outer layer Summary Table Epithelial Tissue Tissue Specialization Location Simple Squamous Stratified Squamous Simple Cuboidal Simple Columnar Diffusion Protection Absorption and Secretion Absorption and Secretion Alveoli and blood vessels Skin, mouth, esophagus, vagina Kidney tubules, ovaries, glands Digestive and respiratory tracts, uterus Pseudostratified Removing debris Respiratory tract

5 Table 4.1 Epithelial tissues Glandular Epithelium (Glands) Composed of epithelial tissue 2 types Exocrine Endocrine Table Connective Tissue Connective Tissue Stabilizes, binds and supports other tissue Cells are usually separated from each other by extracellular material Fibers, carbohydrates 27 Table 4.2 Review Question Where would you find simple cuboidal epithelium? Blood vessels Uterus Kidneys Digestive tract Connective Tissue Types 6 different types 1. Areolar 2. Adipose 3. Dense (Tendons and ligaments) 4. Cartilage 5. Bone 6. Blood

6 Loose Areolar Connective Tissue Cells Fibroblasts Secrete protein fibers Function Bind and support Cells = fibroblasts 31 Loose Adipose Connective Tissue Loose Adipose Tissue Cells Adipose cells Stores triglycerides Under skin, around kidneys and heart Energy storage, insulation, cushioning for organs Adipose (fat) tissue Found under skin, around kidneys and heart in energy storage and insulation; 33 cushioning for organs Figure 4.2 (2 of 6) Dense Connective Tissue Dense Connective Tissue Cells Fibroblasts Tendons, ligaments Attach bone to bone Attach muscle to bone Dense connective tissue Found in tendons and ligaments Forms strong bands that attach 35 bone to muscle or bone to bone Figure 4.2 (3 of 6) 6

7 Cartilage Cells are in chambers Lacunae Lacunae surrounded by a matrix No direct blood supply Cells Cartilage Chondrocytes s Nose, ends of long bones, ribs, inside joints, outer ear, between the vertebrae Support and protection (cushioning) Bone Rigid connective tissue Made of hard matrix (strength) and protein fibers including collagen (strength and flexibility) Cells are found in lacunae 40 Cells Bone Osteocyte Protects and supports internal structures Facilitates movement along with muscles Stores lipids, calcium and phosphorus Produces blood cells 41 7

8 Specialized Connective Tissue - Bone Blood Consists of liquid (plasma) and formed elements Red Blood Cell (RBC) White Blood Cell (WBC) Platelets (PLT) Bone Found in the skeleton in support, protection (by enclosing organs), Copyright and movement 2009 Pearson Education, Inc Figure 4.2 (5 of 6) 44 Blood Review Question What cells are found in dense connective tissue? Blood Found within blood vessels Transports nutrients, gases, hormones, wastes; fights infections Figure 4.2 (6 of 6) 46 Muscle Tissue Can contract and shorten 3 types Skeletal Cardiac Smooth Skeletal Muscle Tissue Attached to bones Type of control Under VOLUNTARY control

9 Skeletal Muscle Tissue Cardiac Muscle Tissue Nucleus Striation Width of one muscle cell Skeletal muscle Long cylindrical striated cells with many nuclei Voluntary contraction Most are found attached to the skeleton Responsible for voluntary movement Walls of the heart muscle Type of control Under INVOLUNTARY control Figure 4.3 (1 of 3) 50 Cardiac Muscle Tissue Smooth Muscle Tissue Striation Specialized Nucleus junction Cardiac muscle Branching striated cells, one nucleus Involuntary contraction Found in wall of heart Pumps blood through the body Surround other organs and structures Examples: blood vessels, digestive system, lungs Type of control Under INVOLUNTARY control Figure 4.3 (2 of 3) 52 Smooth Muscle Tissue Muscle Tissue Nucleus Smooth muscle cell Smooth muscle Cells tapered at each end, one nucleus Involuntary contraction Found in walls of hollow internal organs, such as the intestines, and tubes, such as blood vessels Contractions in digestive system move food along When arranged in circle, controls diameter of tube Figure 4.2 (6 of 6) Table 4.3 9

10 Review Question What type of muscle is under voluntary control? Skeletal Smooth Cardiac Nervous Tissue Consists of neurons and neuroglia Makes up Brain Spinal cord Nerves Conducts messages throughout the body Neurons Nervous Tissue Nerve cells that conduct the message Neuroglia Cells that support the neurons Nervous Tissue Axon Dendrite Cell body Neuron Neuroglia 57 Figure 4.4 The End Image From:

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