Zenker s Diverticulum and CP Dysfunction

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1 Zenker s Diverticulum and CP Dysfunction Fact and Fiction Joshua S. Schindler, MD Assistant Professor Department of Otolaryngology ASHA 2011 San Diego November 18, 2010

2 Zenker s Diverticulum:

3 Zenker s Diverticulum

4 Zenker s Diverticulum Esophagus Sac

5 Myth 1: All posterior cervical diverticula are Zenker s diverticula

6 Killian-Jamieson Diverticulum Killian-Jamieson Diverticulum Originate below the CP muscle Often project laterally May account for 4/9 diverticula Implications for treatment? RLN Recurrence

7 Killian-Jamieson Diverticulum

8 Killian-Jamieson Diverticulum

9 Killian-Jamieson Diverticulum

10 Killian-Jamieson Diverticulum

11 Killian-Jamieson Diverticulum

12 Killian-Jamieson Diverticulum Sac Esophagus

13 Forestier s Syndrome Dysphagia Cervical Osteophytes (DISH) Esophageal Diverticula Traction Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hypertrophy

14 Post-traumatic Diverticulum

15 Post-traumatic Diverticulum

16 Management of Zenker s Diverticula

17 Diverticulotomy: External Approaches st Attempted Drainage (Nicoladoni) st Attempted Excision (Niehaus) st Successful Excision (Wheeler) 1892 Diverticulectomy with 1 o Closure (Kocher) 1896 Endoluminal Inversion of the Sac (Girard) 1917 Diverticulopexy (Hill) 1936 CP Myotomy with Diverticulotomy (Aubin) Emil Theodor Kocher

18 Myth 2: Recent technological advances have allowed endoscopic treatment of Zenker s diverticula

19 Diverticulotomy: Endoscopic Approaches st Endoscopic Diathermy (Mosher) Harris P. Mosher

20 Diverticulotomy: Endoscopic Approaches st Endoscopic Diathermy (Mosher) 1960 Endoscopic Diathermy (Dohlman) Gosta Dohlman

21 Endoscopic Diverticulotomy Dohlman Esophagoscope

22 Diverticulotomy: Endoscopic Approaches st Endoscopic Diathermy (Mosher) 1960 Endoscopic Diathermy (Dohlman) 1981 Endoscopic CO 2 Laser (van Overbeek) Geza Jako

23 Endoscopic Diverticulotomy Challenges: Dohlman procedure Prone to recurrence Occasional mediastinitis/death Occasional stenosis Laser Diverticulotomy Variable success rates Variable (some high) recurrence rates Occasional fistula Rare mediastinitis/death Often multiple procedures Dohlman Esophagoscope

24 Diverticulotomy: Endoscopic Approaches USS EndoGIA 30 Stapler st Endoscopic Diathermy (Mosher) 1960 Endoscopic Diathermy (Dohlman) 1981 Endoscopic CO 2 Laser (van Overbeek) 1992 Endoscopic KTP Laser (Kuhn) 1993 Endoscopic GIA Stapler (Collard & Martin- Hisrch)

25 Staple-assisted (SA) Diverticulotomy Advantages: Minimally invasive Technically simple Safe Easy to repeat Fast Outpatient

26 Staple-assisted (SA) Diverticulotomy Limitations: Massive exposure Dental injuries Fails with small diverticula Kastenbauer-Wollenberg Diverticuloscope

27 SA Diverticulotomy Limitations

28 EndoGIA Stapler Limitations 27 mm 10 mm

29 SA Diverticulotomy Limitations 28 mm Diverticulum

30 SA Diverticulotomy Limitations 28 mm Diverticulum

31 SA Diverticulotomy Limitations 28 mm Diverticulum

32 SA Diverticulotomy Limitations 17 mm Diverticulum Minimal Length About cm for Staple-assisted Diverticulotomy

33 EndoGIA Stapler Modification Removal of Stapler Tip 27 mm 10 mm

34 SA Diverticulotomy Limitations EndoStitch Technique for Staple Purchase

35 SA Diverticulotomy Limitations EndoStitch Technique for Staple Purchase

36 SA Diverticulotomy Limitations EndoStitch Technique for Staple Purchase

37 Myth 3: If you make a hole in the pharynx and esophagus and don t close it the patient will get mediastinitis and die

38 Laser-assisted (LA) Diverticulotomy 1.8 cm Sub 2 cm Zenker s Diverticulum

39 Laser-assisted (LA) Diverticulotomy

40 Laser-assisted (LA) Diverticulotomy Initial Cut

41 Laser-assisted (LA) Diverticulotomy

42 Laser-assisted (LA) Diverticulotomy Complete Division of Cricopharyngeus

43 Laser-assisted (LA) Diverticulotomy Exposure of Esophageal Serosa

44 LA Cricopharyngeal Myotomy Revision Following SA Diverticulotomy

45 LA Cricopharyngeal Myotomy Revision Following SA Diverticulotomy

46 Endoscopic Diverticulotomy OHSU Experience Patients 66 Endoscopic Procedures (94%) 16 Stapler-assisted (24%) 0 major complications 1 dental injury 50 Laser-assisted (76%) 0 major complications 3 SQ emphysema 1 dental injury

47 Myth 4: Cricopharyngeal dysfunction without Zenker s diverticulum can only be treated via open approach

48 Cricopharyngeal Dysfunction Cricopharyngeal Bar

49 Cricopharyngeal Dysfunction Cricopharyngeal Dysfunction

50 Cricopharyngeal Botox Injection Cricopharyngeal Dysfunction

51 LA Cricopharyngeal Myotomy Cricopharyngeal Dysfunction

52 Myth 5: Massive diverticula require an open approach to successfully manage them

53 Massive Zenker s Diverticulum

54 Massive Zenker s Diverticulum

55 Massive Zenker s Diverticulum

56 Myth 6: All patients with Zenker s diverticulum will swallow better following treatment of the Zenker s diverticulum

57 Paraesophageal Hernia

58 Esophageal Dysmotility

59 Esophageal Dysmotility

60 Esophageal Dysmotility

61 Esophageal Dysmotility

62 Esophageal Dysmotility

63 Thank You Mt. Hood at Sunset

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