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6 Pena A. Anorectal malformation Semin Pediatric Sury 1995; 4: Kodman Jones C, Hawkins L, Schulman SL. Behavioral characteristics of children with daytime wetting. J Urol 2001; Evans JHC. Evidence based management of nocturnal enuresis. BMJ 2001: 323: Shea V, Cai R, Crepps B. Sensory fibers of the pelvic nerve innervating the rats urinary bladder. J Neurophysiol 2000; 84: Gladh G, Persson D, Mattsson S. Voiding pattern in healthy newborns. Neurouraol Uredynam 2000; 19: Jansson U, Hanson M, Hanson E, Hell Strum PL, Sillen U, et al. Voiding pattern in healthy children to 3 years old a longitudinal study. J Urol 2000; 164: Sillen U, Solsnes E, Hellstrom Al, Sandberg K. Some new insights in to bladder function in infancy. Br J Urol 1995; 76: Yamazaki Y, Yago R, Toma M. Sonographic characteristics of the urinary tract in healthy neonates. J Urol 2001; 166: Kajbafzadeh AM, Rasuli N. Correlation between the sacral ration and the out come of VUR. BJU 2001; 87: Baver S, Kaff SA, Jayanthi VR. Voiding dysfunction in children neurogenic and non neurogenic. In: Walsh PC, Vavghn ED Jr, Wein AJ. Camphells Urology. Philadelphia: Elsevier science; p Warne SA, Godley ML, Owens CM, Wilcox DT. The Validty of sacral rano to identily sacral alo normalities. BJV Int 2003; 91 (6), Khalegh Nejad Tabari A, Saeeda M. The results of posterior sagittal anorectoplasty in anorectal malformations. Archives of Iranian Medicine 2005; 4(8): Ahmadi J, Kajbafzadeh A, Kalantari M, Nahvi M, Hadipoor A, Ashjaei B, et al. Evaluation of sacral ratio as prognostic factor in patients with anorectal malformations. Acta Medica Iranica J 2005; 2(43): Kajbafzadeh AM, Nejat F, Abbaslou P. Comparison of sacral ratio in normal children and children with urinary and/ or faecal complaints. Iranian J of Pediatrics 2008; 1(18): (15) 2008.(16) ( ) ( ). 1. Richared E, Behrman MD, Robert M, Jach S, Elder JS. Volding Dysfunction. In Kliegman MD, Hal B, Jenson MD. Nelson Text book of Pediatrics, 17 th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; p Austin PF, Ritchey ML. Dysfunctional voiding. Pediatr Rev 2000; 21:

7 Arak Medical University Journal (AMUJ) Autumn 2009; 12(3): Original Article Relationship between sacral ratio and primary enuresis in 5-9 year-old children Yousefi P 1*, Cyrus A 2, Fazeli Moslehabady M 3, Haji Aghabozorgi M 4 1- Assistant Professor, Pediatric Nephrologists, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran 2- Assistant Professor, Urologist, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran 3- Assistant Professor, Radiologist, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran 4- General Physician, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran Received 12 Aug, 2008 Accepted 17 Jan, 2009 Abstract Background: Developmental anomalies in sacral bone have been recognized as one of the causes of urinary incontinence. Sacral ration was suggested as a valuable scale in determining the sacral bone health. According to insufficient studies in this field and variation in results, a determination of relationship between sacral ratio (SR) with primary enuresis were seemed imperative. Materials and Methods: In a cross sectional-analytic study, two groups (n=59) of 5-9 year-old children who admitted in pediatric and urology clinics of Amir Kabir hospital in one year were determined. Primary enuresis group with normal urine-analysis and ultrasonography, no history of dysuria, frequency, and urgency and control group without primary enuresis were selected. The mean ratio between the greatest widths of the sacral bone to its greatest length in the AP radiogram was compared between both groups. Results: In case group, 98.3% had normal SR. The mean ratio of greatest width to length was There were not a significant relationship between gender and normal or abnormal SR. In control group, 88.1% had normal SR. The mean ratio of greatest width to length was Girls more than boys had normal SR. Significant difference between mean ratio of SR and greatest width to length in both groups were not seen. Conclusion: Significant relationship between SR with primary enuresis in 5-9 year-old children was not seen. Keywords: Primary enuresis, Sacrum, Ratio, Child *Corresponding author; parsayousefichaijan@yahoo.com Address: Amir Kabir hospital, Arak, Iran

Comparison of Sacral Ratio in Normal Children and Children with Urinary and/or Faecal Complaints

Short Comunication Iran J Pediatr Mar 2008; Vol 18 ( No 1), Pp:57-61 Comparison of Sacral Ratio in Normal Children and Children with Urinary and/or Faecal Complaints Abdol Mohammad Kajbaf Zadeh* 1, MD,