Index. urologic.theclinics.com. Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type.

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1 Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Acquired hypogonadism, prevalence of, primary, 165 secondary, 167 Adipose tissue, as an organ, Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital, hypogonadism due to, 197 Age, role in low testosterone and sleep apnea, Androgen hypothesis, of prostate cancer, 210 Androgen insensitivity syndrome, Androgens, effects of fat on, effects of, on fat, 242 Aromatase inhibitors, to raise endogenous Assays, of serum testosterone, B Benign prostatic hyperplasia, testosterone and, Body mass index, role in low testosterone and sleep apnea, Buccal formulations, of testosterone, 187 C Cancer, prostate. See Prostate cancer. Cardiovascular patients, management of hypogonadism in, clinical diagnosis and management of hypogonadism, clinical manifestations of testosterone deficiency, adverse symptoms and physiologic consequences, 249 increase in metabolic syndrome and other risk factors, 249 increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, effects of testosterone replacement therapy, prospective data, retrospective data, Urol Clin N Am 43 (2016) /16/$ see front matter Ó 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. natural history of testosterone levels, 248 other therapeutic options, 255 role of testosterone in cardiovascular disease, Clomiphene citrate supplementation, effect on sexual function, 220 Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypogonadism due to, 197 Congenital hypogonadism, prevalence of, D Diagnosis, of hypogonadism, , assays of serum testosterone, laboratory analysis, selection for screening, 168 semen analysis, 173 Dihydrotestosterone, and the prostate, E Ejaculatory function, effect of testosterone supplementation on, 220 Embryology, of the prostate, Endogenous testosterone, lifestyle interventions to raise, 190 Epidemiology, of hypogonadism, Erectile function, effect of testosterone supplementation on, Exogenous testosterone. See also Testosterone therapy. hypogonadism and, F Fatigue, role in low testosterone and sleep apnea, urologic.theclinics.com

2 274 Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and testicular function, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), actions on testosterone supplements, G Gels, testosterone, 187 Genetic defects, hypogonadism due to, Gonadotropins, normal hypothalamic regulation of, 152 H Human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg), effect on sexual function, 220 to raise endogenous Hyperestrogenemia, hypogonadism due to, 197 Hyperprolactinemia, hypogonadism due to, 197 Hypogonadism, assays of serum testosterone, intraindividual, in cardiovascular patients, clinical diagnosis and management of hypogonadism, clinical manifestations of testosterone deficiency, effects of testosterone replacement therapy, natural history of testosterone levels, 248 other therapeutic options, 255 role of testosterone in cardiovascular disease, male infertility and testosterone, causes of, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 197 hyperestrogenemia, 197 hyperprolactinemia, 197 hypogonadotropic, Klinefelter syndrome, exogenous testosterone and, 198 mass spectrometry, obesity and, adipose tissue as an organ, effects of obesity treatment on testosterone, effects of testosterone treatment on obesity, 243 hypogonadism as an endocrine disease, 241 interplay between, physiology of hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis, abnormalities of testicular function, 158 anatomic overview, 152 androgen sensitivity syndrome, control of hypothalamic secretion, 152 diagnosis, FSH, LH, and testicular function, hypogonadotropic, normal hypothalamic regulation of gonadotropins, 152 novel therapeutics, peripheral metabolism of testosterone, sexual development in males, 155 treatment, 159 prevalence and diagnosis, diagnosis, laboratory analysis, selection for screening, 168 semen analysis, 173 epidemiology, acquired, sexual function and testosterone supplementation, and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, 220 sleep apnea and, effects on testosterone level, 235 role of fatigue, testosterone deficiency and the prostate, embryology of the prostate, testosterone and prostate cancer, 206 testosterone and prostate growth, 204 testosterone therapies,

3 275 adverse events with, alternatives to, 190 and prostate cancer, in men with history of prostate cancer, contraindications, 186 follow-up and monitoring, 191 history, lifestyle interventions to raise endogenous pretreatment considerations, 186 treatment options, buccal formulations, 187 gels and solutions, 187 long-acting injections, 189 oral preparations, 189 patches, short-acting injections, 189 subcutaneous pellets, 189 trends in testosterone prescription, varicocele and testosterone, clinical data, pathophysiology of Leydig cell dysfunction, animal studies, 228 human studies, varicocelectomy for, Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, , Kallmann syndrome, 196 other genetic causes, 197 Prader-Willi syndrome, Hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis, physiology of, abnormalities of testicular function, 158 anatomic overview, 152 androgen sensitivity syndrome, control of hypothalamic secretion, 152 diagnosis, FSH, LH, and testicular function, hypogonadotropic, normal hypothalamic regulation of gonadotropins, 152 novel therapeutics, peripheral metabolism of testosterone, sexual development in males, 155 treatment, 159 Hypothalamus, anatomy overview, 152 I Immunoassays, for measuring total testosterone, Infertility, male, causes of hypogonadism, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 197 hyperestrogenemia, 197 hyperprolactinemia, 197 hypogonadotropic, Kallmann syndrome, 196 other genetic causes, 197 Prader-Willi syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, exogenous testosterone and, 198 Injections, of testosterone, 189 long-acting, 189 short-acting, 189 K Kallmann syndrome, hypogonadism in, 196 Klinefelter syndrome, hypogonadism due to, L Laboratory testing, for hypogonadism, Leydig cell dysfunction, pathophysiology of, Libido, effect of testosterone supplementation on, 219 Lifestyle interventions, to raise endogenous Luteinizing hormone (LH), and testicular function, M Male infertility. See Infertility, male. Mass spectrometry, for measuring total testosterone,

4 276 Middle age, testosterone and prostate growth in, 204 O Obesity, and hypogonadism, adipose tissue as an organ, effects of obesity treatment on testosterone, effects of testosterone treatment on obesity, 243 hypogonadism as an endocrine disease, 241 interplay between, effects of androgens on fat, 242 effects of fat on androgens, Obstructive sleep apnea, testosterone deficiency and, effects of apnea treatment on testosterone level, 235 role of fatigue, Old age, testosterone and prostate growth in, 204 Oral preparations, of testosterone, 189 Orgasm, effect of testosterone supplementation on, 220 P Patches, testosterone, Pellets, subcutaneous testosterone, 189 Pharmacy sales, of testosterone supplement products, Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, effect of testosterone supplementation on, 220 Pituitary, anatomy overview, 152 Polycythemia, obstructive sleep apnea and, Prader-Willi syndrome, hypogonadism in, Prescribing practices, for testosterone supplementation therapy, Prevalence, of hypogonadism, , 178 epidemiology, acquired, Primary hypogonadism, prevalence of, Prostate, testosterone deficiency and, embryology of, testosterone and prostate cancer, 206 testosterone and prostate growth, 204 Prostate cancer, testosterone and, 206 testosterone therapy and, in men with history of prostate cancer, Puberty, testosterone and prostate growth in, 204 S Saturation model, of prostate cancer development, Screening, for androgen deficiency, patient selection for, Secondary hypogonadism, prevalence of, acquired, 167 Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), to raise endogenous Semen analysis, for assessment of male fertility, 173 Sexual development, in males, 155 Sexual dysfunction, in men with obstructive sleep apnea, 235 Sexual function, effects of testosterone supplementation on,

5 277 phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, 220 Sleep apnea. See Obstructive sleep apnea. Solutions, testosterone, 187 Spermatogenesis, preservation of, with testosterone therapy, recovery of, with testosterone therapy, Subcutaneous pellets, of testosterone, 189 Supplementation, testosterone. See Testosterone therapies. T Testicular function, abnormalities in, FSH and LH and, Testosterone, peripheral metabolism of, serum, assays of, Testosterone deficiency, and the prostate, embryology of the prostate, testosterone and prostate cancer, 206 testosterone and prostate growth, 204 obstructive sleep apnea and, effects on testosterone level, 235 role of fatigue, Testosterone therapies, , adverse events with, alternatives to, 190 contraindications, 186 effect on obstructive sleep apnea, effect on sexual function, V phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, 220 follow-up and monitoring, 191 history, lifestyle interventions to raise endogenous preservation, of spermatogenesis with, pretreatment considerations, 186 prostate cancer and, in men with history of prostate cancer, recovery of spermatogenesis with, treatment options, buccal formulations, 187 gels and solutions, 187 long-acting injections, 189 oral preparations, 189 patches, short-acting injections, 189 subcutaneous pellets, 189 trends in prescription of, Varicocele, effects on testosterone, clinical data, pathophysiology of Leydig cell dysfunction, animal studies, 228 human studies, varicocelectomy for hypogonadism, Varicocelectomy, for hypogonadism,