Chapter 2. Organization of the Body. Copyright 2012, 2009, 2005, 2003, 1999, 1991 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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1 Chapter 2 Organization of the Body 1
2 Learning Objectives Name the body systems and their functions. Identify body cavities and specific organs within them. List the divisions of the back. Identify three planes of the body. Analyze, pronounce, and spell new terms related to organs and tissues in the body. 2
3 Organization of the Body Cells Individual units found in all parts of the human body Tissues Similar cells grouped together to do a specific job Organs Structures composed of several kinds of tissue Systems Groups of organs working together to perform complex functions 3
4 Body Systems Circulatory System Heart, blood, and blood vessels 4
5 Body Systems (cont.) Digestive System Brings food into the body and breaks it down so it can enter the bloodstream 5
6 Body Systems (cont.) Endocrine System Composed of glands; sends chemical messengers called hormones into the blood 6
7 Body Systems (cont.) Female and Male Reproductive System Produce the cells that join to form the embryo 7
8 Body Systems (cont.) Musculoskeletal System Including muscles, bones, joints, and connective tissues; supports the body and allows it to move 8
9 Body Systems (cont.) Nervous System Carries electrical messages to and from the brain and spinal cord 9
10 Body Systems (cont.) Respiratory System Controls breathing, a process in which air enters and leaves the body 10
11 Body Systems (cont.) Skin and Sense Organ Systems Including the skin and eyes and ears; receives messages from the environment and sends them to the brain 11
12 Body Systems (cont.) Urinary System Produces urine and sends it out of the body through the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. 12
13 Body Cavities and Organs Cranial: organs include brain Thoracic: organs include lungs and heart Abdominal: organs include stomach, small and large intestines, spleen, and pancreas 13
14 Body Cavities and Organs (cont.) Pelvic: organs include the urinary bladder, ureters, urethra, rectum and anus, and the uterus Spinal: spinal column and nerves of the spinal cord 14
15 Divisions of the Spinal Column Cervical (neck) region Thoracic (chest) region Lumbar (loin or waist) region Sacral (sacrum or lower back) region Coccygeal (coccyx or tailbone) region 15
16 Planes of the Body Frontal (coronal) plane A vertical plane that divides the body or body part, such as an organ, into front and back portions. 16
17 Planes of the Body (cont.) Sagittal (lateral) plane Another type of vertical plane that divides the body or organ into right and left sides. The midsagittal plane divides the body vertically into right and left halves. 17
18 Planes of the Body (cont.) Transverse (axial) plane A horizontal plane that divides the body or organ into upper and lower portions, as in a crosssection. 18
19 Combining Forms abdomin/o anter/o bronch/o cervic/o abdomen front bronchial tubes neck of the body or neck (cervix) of the uterus 19
20 Combining Forms (cont.) chondr/o coccyg/o crani/o epitheli/o esophag/o cartilage coccyx, tailbone skull skin, surface tissue esophagus 20
21 Combining Forms (cont.) hepat/o lapar/o laryng/o later/o lumb/o liver abdomen larynx (voice box) side loin or waist 21
22 Combining Forms (cont.) lymph/o mediastin/o lymph (clear fluid in tissue spaces and lymph vessels) mediastinum (space between the lungs) 22
23 Combining Forms (cont.) pelv/o peritone/o pharyng/o pelvis (bones of the hip) peritoneum (membranes surrounding the abdomen) pharynx (throat) 23
24 Combining Forms (cont.) pleur/o poster/o sacr/o spin/o pleura back, behind sacrum (five fused bones in the lower back) spine (backbone) 24
25 Combining Forms (cont.) thorac/o trache/o vertebr/o chest trachea (windpipe) vertebra (backbone) 25
26 Medical Scramble 1. Female endocrine organ R O A V Y 2. Space below the diaphragm E B M A O N D 3. Pertaining to the chest H C I R A O C T 26
27 Medical Scramble (cont.) 4. Hip region L E P V S I 5. Throat R P Y X N A H 6. Windpipe A C E T H R A 27
28 Medical Scramble (cont.) Bonus Term: A procedure necessary for brain surgery R M O C O I Y N T A 28
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