END-SEMESTER EXAM 2018 ANATOMY, HISTOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY FACULTY OF MEDICINE, 2 ND SEMESTER

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1 University of Szeged, Faculty of Medicine Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology Chairman: Prof. Antal Nógrádi MD, PhD, DSc Kossuth L. sgt. 40., H-6724 Szeged, Hungary Tel.: P. O. Box 427, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary Fax: END-SEMESTER EXAM 2018 ANATOMY, HISTOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY FACULTY OF MEDICINE, 2 ND SEMESTER I. CIRCULATORY AND RESPIRATORY ORGAN SYSTEMS. THORACIC CAVITY. 1. Histology of the red bone marrow. Embryonic/foetal haematopoiesis. Haematopoietic stem cells and their regulation. 2. The structure and development of erythrocytes and thrombocytes. 3. Ultrastructure of granulocytes and the granulocytopoiesis. 4. Structure of monocytes and the mononuclear phagocytic system. Development of monocytes. Types, structure and development of lymphocytes. 5. Histology of lymphatic follicles and lymph nodes. 6. Topography of the thoracic cavity, the divisions of the mediastinum, the surface projections of thoracic organs. 7. The functional anatomy and histology of the thymus. 8. The definition and structures of the posterior mediastinum. 9. The surfaces, form and topography of the heart. The anatomy, blood supply and innervation of the pericardium. 10. The anatomy of the atria and ventricles of the heart. 11. The anatomy of the heart valves and interatrial/ interventricular septa. 12. The private vessels of the heart, the extrinsic innervation of the heart. 13. The impulse-generating and conducting system of the heart. The histology of the heart. 14. The development of the heart. 15. The parts and topography of the aorta. Overview of the branches of the aorta. 16. Topography and branches of the subclavian artery and of the thoracic aorta. Anastomoses between the subclavian and external iliac arteries.

2 2 17. The anatomy and fine structure of the thoracic part of the sympathetic trunk. 18. The anatomy, histology of the pituitary gland. 19. The anatomy, histology of the pineal gland. 20. The anatomy, histology of the thyroid and parathyroid glands. Diffuse endocrine system. 21. The anatomy, histology of the adrenal gland. II. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM, ABDOMINAL CAVITY. (The anatomy of the abdominal organs consists of the description of morphological features, topography and peritoneal relations of the organs concerned in the different topics). 1. The anatomy and histology of the lips and oral cavity. 2. The anatomy, blood supply and innervation of the great salivary glands. The histology of the salivary glands. 3. The anatomy, blood supply and innervation of the teeth. The histology of the teeth. The dentition. 4. The anatomy, muscles, blood supply and innervation of the tongue. The histology of the tongue. 5. Hard and soft palate: anatomy (muscles, blood supply and innervation) and histology. 6. The anatomy and muscles of the pharynx. The innervation and blood supply of the pharynx. 7. The functional anatomy and histology of the tonsils. 8. The topographic division of the abdominal cavity and the surface projections of the abdominal organs. 9. The anatomy, topography, blood supply, innervation and histology of the oesophagus. 10. The anatomy, blood supply, innervation and histology of the stomach. 11. The anatomy, blood supply, innervation and histology of the small intestine. 12. The anatomy, blood supply, innervation and histology of the large intestine. 13. The anatomy, blood supply, innervation and histology of the pancreas. 14. The anatomy, blood supply and histology of the liver.

3 3 15. The anatomy, blood supply and histology of the spleen. 16. The anatomy, blood supply and histology of the extrahepatic bile system. 17. The anatomy, blood supply, innervation and histology of the peritoneum. 18. The anatomy of the greater and lesser omenta, omental bursa and mesentery. 19. The paired visceral and parietal branches of the abdominal aorta. The tributaries of the inferior vena cava. 20. The unpaired visceral branches of the abdominal aorta and their branches. 21. The system of the portal vein of the liver. The microcirculation of the liver. The anatomy and functional significance of the portocaval anastomoses. 22. The anatomy and fine structure of the abdominal part of the sympathetic trunk. Autonomic plexus and ganglia in the abdominal cavity. The anatomy of the abdominal segment of the vagus nerve. 23. The fine structure characteristics of the gastrointestinal innervation (neurons and neurotransmitters of the enteric nervous system). Sensory innervation of the viscera. The Head-zones. 24. The general histological structure of the digestive system: layers in the different parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Glands and sphincters in the wall of the digestive tract. 25. The development of the oesophagus and the stomach. 26. The development of the midgut and its derivatives 27. The development of the hindgut and its derivatives III. URINARY SYSTEM. GENITAL ORGANS. PELVIC CAVITY. PERINEUM. (At these topics, the structure of the bony pelvis with joints and ligaments, and the muscles of pelvis are also parts of the exam.) 1. The anatomy, topography, supporting structures and histology of the kidney. 2. The blood supply and microcirculation of the kidney. The fine structure of the kidney capillaries. 3. The anatomy, blood supply and histology of the renal pelvis and ureter. 4. The anatomy, supporting structures, blood supply, innervation and histology of the urinary bladder. 5. The anatomy, layers, blood supply and innervation of the scrotum. The spermatic cord and the inguinal canal. 6. The anatomy, blood supply and histology of the testis and epididymis.

4 4 7. Spermatogenesis. The electron microscopic structure of the spermatozoon. 8. The anatomy, blood supply and histology of the deferent duct, seminal vesicle and prostate. 9. The parts, anatomy, blood supply and histology of the male urethra. 10. The anatomy, blood supply, innervation and histology of the penis. The mechanism of the erection. 11. The anatomy, ligaments, blood supply and histology of the ovary. 12. Oogenesis and histology of the ovarian folliculi. 13. The anatomy, peritoneal relations, ligaments, blood supply and histology of the uterus and uterine tube. 14. The structures of the urogenital (pelvic) peritoneum in the male and in the female. The supporting structures and anatomical compartments in the male and female lesser pelvis. 15. The anatomy, blood supply, innervation and histology of the vagina and the external female genitalia. 16. The branch system of the internal iliac artery. 17. The veins of the pelvis and the lymphatic drainage of the pelvic organs. 18. The autonomic nervous system in the pelvis. Plexus and ganglia in the lesser pelvis. 19. The branches of the sacral plexus in the pelvis, innervation of the pelvic organs. Sphincters in the walls of the pelvic viscera: functions, reflexes, innervation. 20. The functional anatomy, blood supply and innervation of the levator ani muscle. 21. The anatomy of the male perineum: muscles, layers, fasciae and compartments. 22. The anatomy of the female perineum: muscles, layers, fasciae and compartments. 23. The development of the kidney and the urinary tract. 24. The development of the genital organs

5 5 IV. HISTOLOGICAL SLIDES 1. Skin (HE) 2. Ear (Orcein) 3. Bone tissue (cross ground) 4. Enchondral ossification (HE) 5. Cardiac muscle (HE) 6. Cardiac muscle (Ironhaematoxylin) 7. Peripherial nerve (HE) 8. Spinal cord (HE) 9. Aorta (resorcin-fuchsin) 10. Artery-vein (HE) 11. Lip (HE) 12. Dorsum of the tongue (HE) 13. Circumvallate papilla (HE) 14. Parotid gland (HE) 15. Submandibular gland (HE) 16. Sublingual gland (HE) 17. Esophagus (HE) 18. Stomach: cardia (HE) 19. Stomach: fundus, corpus (HE) 20. Stomach: pylorus (HE) 21. Duodenum (HE) 22. Jejunum (HE) 23. Jejunum (H+PAS) 24. Ileum (HE) 25. Large intestine (HE) 26. Vermiform appendix (HE) 27. Anal canal (HE) 28. Liver (HE) 29. Liver (Ag) 30. Liver (Kupffer-cells) 31. Gall bladder (HE) 32. Pancreas (HE) 33. Trachea (HE) 34. Lung (HE) 35. Lung (orcein) 36. Kidney (HE) 37. Ureter (HE) 38. Urinary bladder (HE) 39. Penis-urethra (HE) 40. Testis-epididymis (HE) 41. Spermatic cord (HE) 42. Prostate (HE) 43. Seminal vesicle (HE) 44. Ovary (HE) 45. Uterine tube (HE) 46. Uterus (HE) 47. Cervix of uterus (HE)

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