Animal Reproduction. Overview of Male Reproduction. # lectures for cumulative test # 01 book 01

Transcription

1 Animal Reproduction JP Advis DVM, Ph.D. Bartlett Hall, Animal Sciences, Cook, (732) , 04 Course website: rci.rutgers.edu/~advis Material to be covered: About lecture Meetings 01-02: Introduction to Animal Reproduction (2) Meetings 03-04: Reproductive Structures and their Functions (2) Meetings 05-07: The HPG axis and its Liposoluble and Watersoluble Hormones (3) Meetings 08-09: The Neuroendocrine Control of Male and Female Puberty Onset (2) Meetings 10-11: REVIEW AND TEST #1 Meetings 12-17: Female and Male Reproduction and Techniques for their Control (6) Meetings 18-19: REVIEW AND TEST #2 Meetings 20-21: Reproductive Behavior and the Spermatozoa in the Female Tract (2) Meetings 22-23: Embryogenesis, Placentation, Parturition and Lactation (3) Meetings 24-25: Puerperium, Lactation and Reproductive Ageing (2) Meeting 26 Reproductive Pathology and Case Studies (1) Meetings 27-28: REVIEW AND TEST #3 slides: There are not intended to be the sole source for studying the course material!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Slides are good to review the course material after you have study your course textbook Slides are a good indicator of the relative importance of lecture topics (see slide # per topic) Group slides by titles when using them to review course material. Match lectures and text. # lectures for cumulative test # 01 book 01 Introduction: rules, regulations, course overview and pre-requisites 02 Introduction: hormones, organs, control, and processes 03 Overview: organization and function of female reproduction 04 Overview: organization and function of male reproduction 05 Embryogenesis / maturation of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis 06 Liposoluble hormones involved in male and female reproduction 07 Watersoluble hormones involved in male and female reproduction 08 Neuro-endocrine control of the onset of puberty in males and females 09 Neuro-endocrine control of the onset of puberty in males and females 10 REVIEW material from lecture # 01 through lecture # EXAM # 01 - material from lecture # 01 through lecture # 09 Page 1

2 The bull reproductive tract and its overall components and functions Main components: Scrotum Spermatic chord Testis Epididymis Accessory sex glands Penis Specific functions: Suspends testis Blood and lymph Pampiniform plexus Cremaster muscle Spermatogenesiss Testosterone Store spermatozoa Seminal plasma Copulatory organ The bull reproductive tract and its overall components and functions Main components: Scrotum Spermatic chord Testis Epididymis Accessory sex glands Penis Specific functions: Suspends testis Blood and lymph Pampiniform plexus Cremaster muscle Spermatogenesiss Testosterone Store spermatozoa Seminal plasma Copulatory organ Page 2

3 Main components: Scrotum Spermatic chord Testis Epididymis Accessory sex glands Penis Specific functions: Suspends testis Blood and lymph Pampiniform plexus Cremaster muscle Spermatogenesiss Testosterone Store spermatozoa Seminal plasma Copulatory organ (thermoregulation) Page 3

4 (thermoregulation) 39 C 37 C 35 C 33 C The bull vascular heat exchanger in the spermatic chord: blood supply to the testis must have a lower temperature (thermoregulation) The bull pulse pressure elimination in the spermatic chord: MAP average is lower below the chord pampiniform plexus. Page 4

5 (thermoregulation) The proposed scrotal sweating and thermal polypnea pathways in ram is not activated until scrotal t C is 39 C (thermoregulation) Scrotal heating induces panting in rams. A scrotal t C controlled chamber was used in this experiment. Page 5

6 (high speed manufacturing) (high speed manufacturing) receptors and reproductive Schematic illustration of the scrotum, the connective tissue supporting structures and the tubular pathway of the typical mammalian testis Page 6

7 peripheral adluminal compartment deep adluminal compartment basal compartment intertitial compartment (high speed manufacturing) Spermatids Spermatocytes Sertoli cell Spermatogonium Leydig cell Relationship of the germ cells to the adjacent Sertoli cells and the different compartments through which spermatogenesis occurs, starting from basal membrane (high speed manufacturing) Spermatozoal reserve in the distal tail of epididymis are decreased with the frequency of ejaculations. Page 7

8 Water-soluble and lipo-soluble hormones are ligands used for endocrine communication in reproduction Water-soluble and lipo-soluble hormones are ligands used for endocrine communication in reproduction and are secreted to the bloodstream in different fashions. Page 8

9 RIA A. Competing reactions that form the basis of the radioimmunoassay. Labeled hormone (H, shown in red) competes with the hormone in a biological sample (green H) for a limited amount of antibodies (Ab). As the concentration of hormone in the biological sample rises (rows 1,2, and 3) decreasing amounts of the labeled hormone appear in the hormone-antibody (H-Ab) complex and the ratio of bound/free labeled hormone (B/F) decreases B. A typical standard curve used to estimate the amount of hormone in the biological sample. A B/F ratio of 50% corresponds to 12 ng/ml in this example. ELISA Blood levels of water-soluble and lipo-soluble hormones might be detected by specific assays (eg. ELISA and RIA) Page 9

10 Water-soluble and lipo-soluble hormones are secreted by specific endocrine glands, travel in the bloodstream, and bind to specific receptors in their target organs. Water-soluble hormones bind to plama membrane receptors and act through signal transduction paths involving second messengers, such as camp. Page 10

11 Lipo-soluble hormones bind to intracellular receptors and act through protein synthesis (a genomic effect). Lipo-soluble hormones are usually metabolized in the liver to more soluble compounds (eg. glucoronides) and then eliminated by either the urine or the feces. Page 11

12 Neural and neuroendocrine reflexes cause rapid changes in their target and both are involved in hormone secretion. Neural and neuroendocrine reflexes cause rapid changes in their target and both are involved in hormone secretion. Page 12

13 Examples??? senescence. puerperium lactation parturition fetal attachment gestation early embryogenesis and maternal recognition of pregnancy ovulation and fertilization copulation cyclicity regulation of reproduction tract function puberty prenatal development female What is involved in: Spermatogenesis Sexual behavior Ejaculation spermatogenesis regulation of reproduction tract function puberty male Q1 prenatal development Page 13

14 Comments on question #01 Comments on question #01 Page 14