TISSUE, INFLAMMATION AND REPAIR
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1 TISSUE, INFLAMMATION AND REPAIR
2 TISSUE DEFINITION A group of cells with similar function/s and structure/morphology and similar extracellular substance HISTOLOGY The study of normal tissue HISTOPATHOLOGY The study of abnormal tissue
3 TYPE OF TISSUE Epithelium Connective tissue Muscle Nerve
4 EPITHELIUM Tissue lining the body surfaces, cavities and tubes. Also tissue forming secretory organs. Functions of epithelium: 1. Absorption 2. Protection of the underlying structures against noxious agents 3. Barrier to maintain the optimal environment of underlying tissue 4. Secretions examples exocrine glands, endocrine glands, lining epithelium of stomach and bronchus secrete mucus, endothelium (von Willebrand factor)
5 EPITHELIUM Supported by basement membrane The basement membrane provides 1. Structural support and binding of epithelium 2. Control of epithelial growth 3. Flow of nutrients 4. Regulate permeability
6
7 EPITHELIUM Classification of epithelium epithelium simple stratified squamous squamous cuboidal cuboidal columnar transitional pseudostratified
8 Simple squamous epithelium
9 Simple cuboidal epithelium
10 Simple columnar epithelium
11 Simple cilliated columnar epithelium
12 Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
13 Stratified squamous epithelium
14 Stratified cuboidal epithelium
15 Goblet cells
16 Glandular epithelium Exocrine glands glands which maintain connection with the epithelial surface/organ surface and discharge their secretion to the surface through ducts Endocrine glands glands without ducts ; secretion enters into the blood stream - hormones
17 Salivary gland
18 Thyroid gland
19 Supporting / Connective tissue
20 Functions of supportive tissue 1. Enclosing and separating organs capsules of organs 2. Connecting tissues to one another ligaments connecting muscle to bone 3. Supporting and moving bones and cartilage 4. Storage adipose tissue, bone 5. Insulation adipose tissue
21 Functions of supportive tissue 6.Transportation blood vessels 7. Protection - Skull
22 Components of connective tissue cells fibres Ground substance Fibroblast Adipocytes Mastcells histiocytes Collagen Elastic fibres protoglycan
23 Components of connective tissue Cells Fibroblasts synthesis and maintenance of the extracellular material, derived from primitive mesenchyme Adipocyte Mast cells and histiocytes defence and immune function
24 Components of connective tissue Collagen Type 1- ligament and tendons ; tensile strength Type2 hyaline cartilage Type3 reticulin found in liver and lymphnode Type4 basement membrane
25 Special type of connective tissue 1. Loose connective tissue 2. Adipose tissue 3. Cartilage WHITE ADIPOSE TISSUE
26
27 Muscle 3 types of muscle 1. Skeletal muscle voluntary movement (movement of skeleton and organs) Have crosstriation 2. Visceral muscle muscular component of visceral structures involuntary movement control by hormones and autonomic nervous system.
28 Muscle 3 types of muscle 3. Cardiac muscle provide the continous,rhythmic contractility of the heart.
29 Skeletal muscle
30 Visceral muscle
31 Cardiac muscle
32 Nervous tissue
33 To receive stimuli from internal and external environment, analyse nd create response in affector organ The basic unit is the neurone
34 Inflammation
35 Definition A complex reaction to injurious agents. The unique feature of inflammation are reaction to blood vessels causing accumulation of fluid and leucocyte Functions of inflammation Destroy Dilute the injurious agent Separate
36 2 types of inflammation Acute inflammation - rapid onset, short duration, result in oedema and emigration of neutrophils Chronic inflammation - longer duration, cells involved are lymphocytes, macrophages and histiocytes, c
37
38 Tissue repair What determine the process of repair? 1. Type of cells Labile continously dividing Stable divide when there is stimulus Permanent cell- cannot divide 2. Severity of the wound
39
40
41 Factors influencing wound healing 1. Nutrition 2. Metabolic status 3. Blood supply 4. Infection 5. Foreign body
42 Thank you
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