ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY HOMEWORK CHAPTER 15 AND 16

Transcription

1 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY HOMEWORK CHAPTER 15 AND 16 Name Identify the following: 1) The ureter is indicated by letter 2) The renal pyramid is indicated by letter 3) The fibrous capsule is indicated by letter 4) The renal column is indicated by letter 1

2 Identify the following: 5) The loop of Henle is indicated by letter 6) The collecting duct is indicated by letter 7) The glomerular capsule (Bowman's capsule) is indicated by letter 8) The proximal convoluted tubule is indicated by letter 9) The afferent arteriole is indicated by letter 10) The arcuate vein is indicated by letter 11) The glomerulus is indicated by letter 2

3 Fill in the blank or provide a short answer: 12) Each kidney is surrounded and held in place against the muscles of the trunk wall by its 13) There are three regions of the kidney; the outermost region is known as the 14) Renal pyramids are separated by extensions of cortex-like tissue called the 15) As blood flows toward the kidney, it travels from the renal artery into vessels called the 16) The process of filtration occurs in a specific structure in the nephron called the 17) A urinary output of less than 100 ml per day is called 18) The pigment resulting from the destruction of hemoglobin that gives freshly-voided urine its pale yellow color is called 19) A vegetarian diet is said to be a(n) diet because it makes urine extremely alkaline as the kidneys excrete excess bases. 20) The condition that results when red blood cells are abnormally present in urine is called 21) Specific gravity is the term used to compare how much heavier urine is than 22) Another term for kidney stones, which form when urine becomes extremely concentrated, is 23) The smooth triangular region of the bladder base that is outlined by the openings of the two ureters and the urethra is called the 24) Urinary bladder inflammation often caused by bacterial infection is called 25) The involuntary sphincter that keeps the urethra closed when urine is not being passed is called the 26) The inability to voluntarily control the external urethral sphincter is known as 27) Voiding, urination, and are terms that indicate the passage of urine from the bladder. 28) About two-thirds of body fluid is found within living cells; this fluid is called the 29) Sodium ion content of the extracellular fluid (ECF) is largely regulated by an adrenal cortex hormone called 30) Highly sensitive cells within the hypothalamus that react to changes in blood composition and cause the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) when appropriate are called 31) The abnormal condition that results from the lack of ADH release, causing huge amounts of very dilute urine to be voided, is called 32) The primary urinary symptom of Addison's disease (hypoaldosteronism) is called 33) Arterial blood ph between 7.35 and 7.0 is called 3

4 34) A strong acid will dissociate and liberate more ions in water than a weak acid. 35) The kidneys can help maintain a rising blood ph by excreting ions and reabsorbing ions by the tubule cells. 36) The need to urinate frequently at night, which plagues over 50% of the elderly, is called 37) Untreated streptococcal infections in childhood that can lead to the kidney infection characterized by antigenantibody complexes clogging the glomerular filters is known as 38) A feeling that it is necessary to void, which is experienced more regularly in the elderly, is known as Identify the following: 139) The testis is indicated by letter 140) The ductus (vas) deferens is indicated by letter 141) The seminal vesicle is indicated by letter 142) The prepuce is indicated by letter 143) The urethra is indicated by letter 4

5 Identify the following: 144) The uterine (fallopian) tube is indicated by letter 145) The ovary is indicated by letter 146) The clitoris is indicated by letter 147) The fimbriae are indicated by letter 148) The round ligament is indicated by letter Fill in the blank or provide a short answer: 149) The fibrous "white coat" connective tissue capsule surrounding each testis is called the 150) The male sterilization birth control procedure that involves cauterization of the ductus deferens is called 151) The glands that produce a thick, yellowish secretion which nourishes and activates sperm are the 152) The type of sugar that is found in semen and provides essentially all the energy fuel for sperm is called 153) The enlarged tip of the penis is called the 154) Another term for the foreskin that is surgically removed during circumcision is the 5

6 155) The helmet-like region of the sperm that is similar to a large lysosome and assists penetration of the egg is called the 156) The entire process of spermatogenesis takes days. 157) The hormone testosterone is produced by the cells of the testes. 158) Tiny saclike structures within the ovaries in which oocytes are found are called 159) A mature ovarian follicle that is ready to be ejected from an ovary is called a 160) The Graafian (vesicular) follicle, which is ruptured following ovulation, is called the 161) The finger-like projections that partially surround the ovary at the distal end of each uterine tube is called 162) The bacteria from gonorrhea and other infections can spread to the peritoneal cavity. Unless treated promptly, the infection condition can cause, which is a major cause of female infertility. 163) The ligament that anchors the anterior portion of the uterus is called the 164) The innermost layer of the uterus is a mucosa layer called the 165) Burrowing of the fertilized egg into the endometrium lining of the uterus is called 166) The thin fold of mucosa that partially closes the distal end of the vagina before the first experience of sexual intercourse is called the 167) The labia majora enclose the region known as the, which contains the external opening of the urethra. 168) The process of creating female gametes is called 169) The hormone that promotes a small number of primary follicles within the ovary to grow and mature each month is 170) The ovum has chromosomes. 171) The follicle-cell capsule surrounding an ovulated secondary oocyte is called the 172) The hormone produced by the corpus luteum that helps maintain pregnancy is called 173) Days 1-5 of the menstrual cycle are the first phase known as the phase. 174) Mammary glands are modified glands. 175) The process by which the acrosome membranes of sperm break down is known as the 176) A fertilized egg, which represents the first cell of a new individual, is called a 177) The early stage of embryonic development during which rapid mitotic cell divisions occur as the zygote travels down the uterine tube is called 6

7 178) The primary germ layer that gives rise to the nervous system and epidermis of the skin is called the 179) The hormone that causes pelvic ligaments and the pubic symphysis to relax, widen, and become more flexible is called 180) The series of events that expel the infant from the uterus are referred to collectively as 181) The first stage of labor is known as the stage. 182) The placenta and its attached fetal membranes, expelled from the uterus during the placental stage of labor, are collectively referred to as the 183) Individuals who possess both ovarian and testicular tissues are called 184) The cessation of ovulation and menses for an entire year is called 7