Lesson 9A Tissues in Animals

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1 Lesson 9A Tissues in Animals

2 Levels of Organization in the Human Body Similar types of cells Different types of tissues Different organs Many organ systems cell tissue organ organ system organism

3 Levels of Organization in the Human Body cell Similar types of cells Tissue Different types of tissues Organ Different organs Organ System Organism Many organ systems

4 Tissue Specialized cells are organized into tissues. Tissue: A group of similar cell type that perform a common function. Epithelial, connective, muscle

5 Organ A structure made of different tissues working together to do a complex body function Heart, liver, stomach

6 Organ System A system of one or more highly specialized organs and structures that work together to do basic functions (to get nutrients and get rid of wastes, to sense and respond to the environment, to grow and repair damage, and to reproduce)

7 Organism An organism has several organ systems that function together

8 4 Main Tissue Types Epithelial Tissue Connective Tissue Muscle Tissue Nervous Tissue

9 Connectiv e Tissue Nervous Tissue Skeletal Muscle Tissue Cardiac Muscle Tissue Epithelial Tissue Smooth Muscle Tissue

10 4 Types of Tissue 1. Epithelial Tissue

11 1. Epithelial Tissue (Epithelium) Thin sheets of tightly packed cells covering surfaces and lining internal organs Types of Epithelial Tissue (By Cell Arrangement): Simple epithelium: A single cell layer Functions: Protect structures Line (body cavities & outer surface of body ) Form glands (produce hormones, enzymes and sweat) Stratified epithelium: More than one layer of cells

12 Types of Epithelial Tissue (By Shape) Simple squamous Simple cuboidal Simple columnar Traditional Stratified squamous Stratified Pseudostratified columnar cuboidal Squamous: Cells that are flat Cuboidal: Cells that are cube-shaped Columnar: Cells that are long & narrow Simple: 1 layer of cells Stratified: More than 1 layer of cells

13 Skin Examples of Epithelial Tissue lining of the digestive system (small intestine)

14 Simple Squamous Epithelium lines the blood vessels (allows diffusion)

15 Simple Cuboidal Epithelium lines the ducts in kidneys (allows movement of fluids and ions)

16 Simple Columnar Epithelium lines digestive tract (allows secretion and absorption)

17 Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium lines the respiratory tract (traps foreign material and moves it away from alveoli of the lungs)

18 Review Epithelial Tissues

19 4 Types of Tissue 2. Connective Tissue

20 3. Connective Tissue Various types of cells held together by a matrix (a liquid - blood, a solid - bone, or a gel) Functions: Support structures Protect structures Form blood Store fat Fill empty space ligament, cartilage, tendons bone blood cartilage ligament tendon

21 Loose Connective Tissue (A) Blood cells (B) Areolar Connective Tissue (Layer under skin) cells + fibers in a jellylike matrix Blood cells Layer under skin (C) Adipose Tissue (Fat around kidneys) The nuclei are at the edges of the cells. Fat around kidneys

22 Dense connective tissue Tendons/Ligament s Cartilage (A) Dense Regular Connective Tissue (tendons & ligaments) fibers are arranged in the same direction (B) Cartilage cells are in a firm matrix (C) Hardest connective tissue (bone) cells are within the hard matrix Bone

23 Elastic Connective Tissue allows stretching of a large artery (a) as blood flows through Blood vessel - artery

24 4 Types of Tissue 3. Muscle Tissue

25 Muscle Tissue Bundles of long cells (muscle fibres) that contain specialized proteins that can shorten or contract Functions: Allows for body movement Moves blood, food, waste through body s organs Surround digestive system heart intestine Blood vessels

26 Skeletal Muscle Cardiac Muscle Smooth Muscle

27 3. Muscle Tissue Smooth Cardiac Skeletal Walls of organs & blood vessels Spindle-shaped, nonstriated Wall of heart Branching, intercalated disks, single nucleus, lightly striated Attached to bones Long cylindrical-shaped, many nucleus, heavily striated Involuntary you CANNOT control it Involuntary you CANNOT control it Voluntary you CAN control it

28 Spindle-shaped, nonstriated involuntary Branching, intercalated disks, single nucleus, lightly striated involuntary Muscle Tissue Long cylindrical-shaped, many nucleus, heavily striated voluntary Smooth Muscle Tissue Cardiac Muscle Tissue Skeletal Muscle Tissue

29 4 Types of Tissue 4.Nervous Tissue

30 Nervous Tissue Long, thin cells with the branches at the ends that conduct electrical impulses Nerves Functions: Responds to stimuli Communicate within the body Coordinate body functions

31 Nervous tissue in the brain, spinal cord, nerves

32 Bone Cartilage Fat Tissue Skin Intestine Neural Tissue Cardiac Muscle Skeletal Muscle

33

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