Nano-Sized Titanium Dioxides as Photo-Catalysts in Degradation of Polyethylene and Polypropylene Packagings
|
|
- Rodney Willis
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 SCIENCE JOURNAL Ubon Ratchathani University Sci. J. UBU, Vol. 1, No. 2 (July-December, 2010) Research Article Nano-Sized Titanium Dioxides as Photo-Catalysts in Degradation of Polyethylene and Polypropylene Packagings T. Manangan 1,2 *, S. Shawaphun 1,2, D. Sangsansiri 1, J. Changcharoen 1, S. Wacharawichanant 3 1 Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand. 2 Research Center of Nano Industries and Bio-plastics, King Mongkut s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand. 3 Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand. Received 10/03/10; Accepted 22/12/10 Abstract In present, packaging plastics such as PE and PP have become a major environmental problem. While production of biodegradable plastics is still expensive, various photo-catalytic additives especially titanium dioxide have been used as pro-oxidants in order to make conventional packaging plastics degradable after working period. Various particle-sized titanium dioxides were thermally blended with PE and PP and casted into 80-micron thick films. During the processing period, nano-sized TiO 2 significantly induced auto-oxidation of the PE films only. The carbonyl formation in PP films showed the opposite trend possibly due to other mechanical pathways. The films then were exposed under 254nm and 366nm UV light mimicking solar light profile. In most cases, TiO 2 catalyzed photodegradation occurred under the shortwave UV-254nm irradiation several folds higher than under long wave UV irradiation. The carbonyl index of the nano-sized TiO 2 (1%wt) blended PE films increased continuously over irradiation period and their tensile strength reduced to 35-38% after 28 days up to 42 days before total ruptured. The films have also lost weight about % in 14 days. The nano-sized TiO 2 blended PP films showed a dramatic increasing of carbonyl index in the first few days and then continuously dropped as they become fragmented with in 2 weeks. This also caused PP films to lose weight by 22% in 42 days. This study also suggested that titanium dioxide nano-sized particle showed favorable activity and results over the commercial micron-sized. Keywords: Photo-catalysts, Degradation, Plastic packaging, Titanium dioxide. *Corresponding author. address: jxudel@yahoo.com
2 T. Manangan et al., Sci. J. UBU, Vol. 1, No. 2 (July-December, 2010) Introduction Polyethylene and polypropylene are the most popular plastics in packaging industries due to their useful mechanical properties and physical properties for foods and household products packaging. However, these plastics take several years to decompose. Therefore, gigantic amount of the petroleum based plastic packaging has been disposed into the environment and caused serious natural resource contamination every year [1]. Many countries have urged to apply various regulations, policies and managements to overcome these problems e.g. recycle reuse and reduce protocol, yet it is far from success. Moreover, bio-plastics and biodegradable plastics have also become worldwide main research area in order to solve such waste problems [2]. However, large scale production and marketing of such plastics are still very expensive. So many plastic producers have developed oxodegradable plastics from the conventional plastics and made them degradable after used. In this communication, the oxodegradability has been introduced in situ using photo-catalytic additives that can also act as the thermal oxidative catalyst during the thermal plastic film processing. Typically, metal oxides or metal salts such as Mn 2+ /Mn 3+, Fe 3+, Zn 2+, Zr 2+, Ce 2+ and Ti 4+ have been used in such purpose [3-6]. In our previous work, thermal oxidative activity of TiO 2 compared with other metal oxides was preliminarily studied by monitoring carbonyl index of the blended plastic films and hydrocarbon solvents. Only ZnO 2 and TiO 2 were found to give good activity. In addition, TiO 2 showed approximately 2 folds higher activity than ZnO 2 [7]. Due to its superb characteristics such as inexpensiveness, nontoxicity, stability and highly photo-activeness, TiO 2 has become the excellent choice for photo-catalyst in order to make the conventional packaging plastics such as PE, PP and PS become degradable after working period, especially for food contacting plastics [8-9]. Since, TiO 2 can also be thermal catalyst during the processing period and induce the auto-oxidation of plastics. It is often referred as a pro-oxidant or sometimes called pro-degradants. Plus, several groups of the nano-sized TiO 2 have been synthesized and proven to give superior catalytic behavior over the micro-sized TiO 2 in many reactions. Hence, it is possible to be used effectively in the plastic degradation. 2. Theory Typically, a natural pathway of autooxidative degradation of polyethylene and polypropylene is normally initiated by light (photo-oxidative degradation) or heat (thermo -oxidative degradation). This step usually is the slowest process and becomes the rate determining step, because plastics have to combine with oxygen in the air and react to give the unstable peroxides which can then decompose to carbonyl and free radical intermediates e.g. alkyl radicals or hydroxyl radicals [10]. Moreover, the carbonyl intermediates can be photolyzed to more free radicals [11]. The radicals then undergo propagation step in the chain reaction of PE and PP degradation and give more of oxygenated carbon skeletons in the plastics in form of hydroxyls, aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids which then can be further biodegraded at low molecular weight ultimately resulting carbon dioxide and water [12]. The objective of this research is to accelerate the rate determining step by using TiO 2 prooxidants which can generate carbonyl intermediates during the thermoplastic processing step and catalyze degradation of plastics under solar light exposure after used and casted away. Moreover, the thermal oxidative and photolytic reactivity of nanosized TiO 2 particle was also investigated as well as crystalline types e.g. anatase and rutile. The TiO 2 with various particle sizes, crystalline types, grades, and additive concentrations were blended into LDPE and PP, casted into a thin film, irradiated under ultraviolet light at 254nm and 366 nm. Tensile strength, modulus and elongation at break of the films and carbonyl index were measured thoroughly to understand their catalytic degradation pathways.
3 16 Nano-Sized Titanium Dioxides as Photo-Catalysts in Degradation 3. Materials and Methods Virgin grade LDPE (IRPC) and PP (IRPC) were used for the preparation of films. Commercial analytical grade TiO 2 (predominantly rutile, referred as TiO 2 -com), nanosized rutile TiO 2 (rutile, particle size < 100 nm, SSA > 14 m 2 /g), nano-sized anatase TiO 2 (anatase, particle size < 25 nm, SSA m 2 /g), benzene (HPLC grade) and hexanes (HPLC grade) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. The micron-sized TiO 2 (rutile, particle size < 63 µm) was prepared from TiO 2 -com by particle size sieving at 230 Mesh and referred as TiO 2-63µm. Most catalysts were oven dried for 24 hours and kept in desiccators before use. Catalytic Thermal Oxidation of PE and PP Films during Processing. The powders of TiO 2 -com, TiO 2-63µm, nano-sized rutile TiO 2 and nano-sized anatase TiO 2 were blended into both LDPE and PP at 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 5% w/w concentrations using a Twin-Screw Extruder (TSE 16 TC; Intro enterprise Co., Ltd.). The heating profile was set as followed: feed zone 120 o C, compression zone 140 o C and metering zone 160 o C. Screw speed was set at 40 rpm. Then the obtained plastics were casted to 80- micron thick films using a Chill Roll Cast Film Machine (LE 25-30/C; Labtec Engineering Co., Ltd.) with screw speed at 50 rpm and six heating zones set at 170 o C, 190 o C, 200 o C, 210 o C, 210 o C and 210 o C. Tensile strength of the films was measured using a Universal testing machine (Tensile H5K-T; Calserve Thailand Co., Ltd) to compare with the virgin film. The film carbonyl index (CI) was measured via ATR-IR spectroscopy using a Perkin Elmer spectrum 2000 FTIR spectrometer and calculated by the ratio of the peak area between cm -1 (C=O stretching band) and the peak area between cm -1 (C-H bending band). were cut to 1 x 5 cm 2 size and exposed under a 20-watt shortwave UV lamp (average wavelength at 254 nm) and a 20-watt long wave UV lamp (average wavelength at 366 nm) at 30 cm in distance. The plastic films then were taken out daily or weekly to measure tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus, carbonyl index and % weight loss to determine their degree of degradation. 4. Results and Discussion Thermal Oxidation of PE Films. The effect of particle size in thermal oxidative degradation of LDPE films, only TiO 2 with rutile crystalline were used as catalysts in this investigation. After the powders of TiO 2 - com, TiO 2-63µm and the nano-sized rutile TiO 2 were blended into LDPE at various concentrations and then casted to 80-micron thick films, it was found that the film without TiO 2 showed very low carbonyl index at This indicated that the heat as high as 210 o C during plastic film processing did not induce auto-oxidation. However, the LDPE film blended with TiO 2 -com 1%w/w via the same process showed carbonyl index at similarly to the film blended with the nanosized rutile TiO 2 1%w/w. It is important to note that the size-sieved TiO 2-63µm gave slightly higher catalytic oxidative activity than TiO 2 -com at higher concentrations as shown in Figure 1. The particle size effect became so clear when the nano-sized rutile TiO 2 was blended with LDPE under the same Catalytic Photo-Oxidative Degradation of PE and PP Films under UV Lights. The obtained plastic films containing various types of TiO 2 which possess about the same carbonyl index Figure 1. Effect of TiO 2 particle size, structure and concentration on catalytic thermal oxidation of LDPE films during processing.
4 T. Manangan et al., Sci. J. UBU, Vol. 1, No. 2 (July-December, 2010) processing condition at high concentration 3% and 5% w/w. The nano-sized TiO 2 provided thermal oxidative activity by folds over TiO 2 -com. This is probably due to dispersion effect only. Because the LDPE films blended with 1% and 2% w/w of most rutile TiO 2 catalysts have nearly the same carbonyl index. Though, the nano-sized rutile catalyst has particle size less than 100 nm and a specific surface area more than 14 m 2 /g. In addition, the nano-sized anatase TiO 2 blended LDPE film under the same processing condition showed significantly higher carbonyl index than the film blended with rutile crystalline in all catalyst concentrations. The nano-sized anatase TiO 2 not only processes particle size less than 25 nm, but also process specific surface area of m 2 /g or about 15 times greater than the nano-sized rutile specific surface area. Hence, its catalytic oxidative activity has been superb. concentration increased. This is possibly due to the degradation via scission mechanism already occurred in this high temperature film processing period. Again, nano-sized anatase catalyst showed better reactivity than rutile catalysts in all concentrations. Thermal Oxidation of PP Films. The effect of particle size in thermal oxidative degradation of PP films was carried out exactly the same as in LDPE film. After the powders of the TiO 2 -com, TiO 2-63µm and the nano-sized TiO 2 with rutile crystalline were blended into PP at various concentrations and film casted, it was found that the pure PP film without TiO 2 also showed very low carbonyl index at indicating that the heat as high as 210 o C during plastic film processing did not induce auto-oxidation. However, the film blended with TiO 2-63µm showed carbonyl index about similar to the film blended with TiO 2 -com as shown in Figure 3. Figure 2. Tensile strength of LDPE films containing rutile TiO 2 at various particle sizes after thermal oxidative processing. Similar to carbonyl index, TiO 2 -com and TiO 2-63µm gave nearly identical results on the LDPE film tensile strength during the film processing period in all additive concentrations as shown in Figure 2. However, most of the blended films have slightly lower tensile strength than pure LDPE. This suggested that these LDPE films still possess normal mechanical properties for packaging uses. The LDPE film blended with both nano-sized TiO 2 also showed lowering of the film tensile strength as the additive Figure 3. Effect of TiO 2 particle size on thermal oxidation of PP films during processing. Figure 4. Tensile strength of PP films containing various sized rutile TiO 2 and nano-sized anatase TiO 2 after processing.
5 18 Nano-Sized Titanium Dioxides as Photo-Catalysts in Degradation Surprisingly, the nano-sized TiO 2 both anatase and rutile showed lower oxidative activity in PP film than the commercial micron-sized rutile especially at low catalyst content. Furthermore, the tensile strength also has become even greater at high catalyst content as shown in Figure 4. This is possibly due to some recombination of the generated radicals instead of scission or oxidation [9]. Catalytic Photo-Oxidative Degradation of PE and PP Films under UV Lights. In order to minimize the difference of the carbonyl content, the blended LDPE and PP films containing 1% w/w of various TiO 2 which process about the same initial carbonyl index were cut to 1 x 5 cm size and exposed under a 20-watt shortwave UV lamp (254 nm) and a 20-watt long wave UV lamp (366 nm) at 30 cm in distance. Moreover, the films were also exposed under both lamps to mimic the solar light profile. The plastic films then were taken out daily to measure tensile strength, carbonyl index and % weight loss to determine their degree of degradation. It was found that most of these catalysts were highly active only under 254-nm ultraviolet irradiation. The results under dual lamp condition gave almost identical to the 254-nm ultraviolet irradiation alone (results not shown here). Hence, most of the photo-oxidative degradation was done under a 20-watt shortwave UV lamp (254 nm) only. Most LDPE films blended with TiO 2 slowly increased their carbonyl index in the first 24 hour and then dramatically increased later after. The carbonyl index kept on rising until the film surface became brittle and ruptured. The cloudy films were usually observed after 72 hours and the carbonyl index tended to drop due to ATR-IR scattering interference as shown in Figure 5. These results fitted perfectly with the tensile strength profile as shown in Figure 6. Most of the film tensile strength appeared to remain constant up to 48 hour of irradiation and then drop drastically right after as the film fragmentation occurred and the carbonyl index started to drop. Figure 5. Initial effect of TiO 2 (1%w/w) on carbonyl index of LDPE films under 254-nm UV irradiation. Among these TiO 2 catalysts, the nano-sized showed the highest photo-oxidative degradeation of LDPE films especially the nanosized anatase form which can lower the film tensile strength by 38% in 96 hours under UV irradiation compared to that of pure LDPE under the same condition as depicted in Figure 6. Figure 6. Initial effect of TiO 2 (1%w/w) on tensile strength of LDPE films under 254-nm UV irradiation. In the other hand, PP films blended with the nano-sized TiO 2 did not show much increase of their carbonyl index, while the commercial TiO 2 -com and the micron-sized TiO 2-63µm blended films showed similar trend as in LDPE films as shown in Figure 7. Furthermore, the film tensile strength appeared to increase under UV irradiation as shown in Figure 8. The catalytic photo-degradation of these PP films seemingly underwent via a different mechanism.
6 T. Manangan et al., Sci. J. UBU, Vol. 1, No. 2 (July-December, 2010) with in 2 weeks. This also caused PP films to lose weight by 22% in 42 days. 5. Conclusions Figure 7. Initial effect of TiO 2 (1%w/w) on carbonyl index of PP films under 254-nm UV irradiation. Figure 8. Initial effect of TiO 2 (1%w/w) on tensile strength of PP films under 254-nm UV irradiation. To further understand and predict total rupture of these LDPE and PP films under solar light irradiation, the films then were exposed under 254-nm ultraviolet for longer period. The films then were taken out weekly to determine their degree of degradation by measuring carbonyl index, tensile strength, modulus, % elongation at break and % weight loss. It was found that the carbonyl index (using FTIR, KBr) of both nano-sized TiO 2 (1%wt) blended LDPE films increased continuously over irradiation period and their tensile strength reduced to 35-38% after 28 days up to 42 days before total ruptured. The films have also lost weight about % in 14 days. Both nano-sized TiO 2 blended PP films showed a dramatic increasing of carbonyl index in the first few days and then continuously dropped as they became fragmented Titanium dioxide catalysts can be used as packaging plastic pro-oxdiants or prodegradants which can actively catalyze thermal oxidation generating carbonyl intermediates during the film processing and also act as the photo-oxidative degradation catalysts along with the carbonyl intermediates under the UV and solar lights irradiation. During the processing period, both nanosized TiO 2 significantly induced autooxidation of the PE films. However, carbonyl formation in PP films suggested other mechanical pathways. After an exposure under 254nm and 366nm UV light mimicking solar light profile, in most cases, TiO 2 catalyzed photo-degradation occurred under the shortwave UV-254nm irradiation several folds higher than under long wave UV irradiation. The carbonyl index of the nanosized TiO 2 (1%w/w) blended PE films increased continuously over the irradiation period and their tensile strength reduced to 35-38% after 28 days up to 42 days before total ruptured. The films have also lost weight about % in 14 days. The nanosized TiO 2 blended PP films showed a dramatic increasing of carbonyl index in the first few days and then continuously dropped as they become fragmented with in 2 weeks. This also caused PP films to lose weight by 22% in 42 days. This study also suggested that titanium dioxide nano-sized particle showed significantly more favorable in both thermo- and photo-oxidative degradation catalytic activity and results than the commercial and micron-sized TiO 2. Acknowledgements The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support from the Research, Development and Engineering (RD&E) Fund through National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thai-
7 20 Nano-Sized Titanium Dioxides as Photo-Catalysts in Degradation land (Project NN-B-22-CT ) and also the National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT). References [1] Guillet, J. (1995). In: D. Gilead, & G. Scott (eds.), Degradable Polymers Principles & Applications. London: Chapman & Hall. [2] Sudesh, K., Abe, H. & Doi, Y. (2000). Synthesis, structure and properties of polyhydroxyalkanoates: biological polyesters. Progress in Polymer Science, 25, [3] Jin, C., Christensen, P.A., Egerton, T.A., & White, J.R. (2003). Effect on anisotropy on photochemical oxidation of PE. Polymer, 44, [4] Scott G., & Islam, S. (1999). Polymer-bound activators for polyolefins. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 63, [5] Jakubowicz, I., Yarahmadi, N., & Peterson, H. (2006). Evaluation of the rate of abiotic degradation of biodegradable polyethylene in various environments. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 91, [6] Jakubowicz, I. (2003) Evaluation of degradability of biodegradable polyethylene (PE). Polymer Degradation and Stability, 80, [7] Shawaphun, S., Manangan, T., & Wacharavichanant, S. (2010). Thermo- and photodegradation of LDPE and PP films using metal oxides as catalysts, Advanced Materials Research, 93-94, [8] Qin, H., Zhao, C., Zhang, S., Chen, G., & Yang, M. (2003). Photo-oxidative degradation of polyethylene/montmorillonite nanocomposite. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 81, [9] Zhao, X., Li, Z., Chen, Y., Shi, L., & Zhu, Y. (2007). Solid-phase photo-catalytic degradation of polyethylene plastic under UV and solar light irradiation. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 268, [10] Gijsman, P., Meijers, G., &Vitarelli, G. (1999). Comparison of the UV-degradation chemistry of polypropylene, polyethylene, polyamide 6 and polybutylene terephthalate. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 65, [11] Chiellini, E., Corti, A., D Antone, S. & Baciu, R. (2006). Oxo-biodegradable carbon backbone polymers- Oxidative degradation of polyethylene under accelerated test conditions. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 91, [12] Haines, J.R., & Alexander, M. (1975). Microbial degradation of high-molecular weight alkanes. Applied Microbiology, 28,
BIO-BASED POLYETHYLENE/ RICE STARCH COMPOSITE
BIO-BASED POLYETHYLENE/ RICE STARCH COMPOSITE Sathaphorn O-suwankul a, Kittima Bootdee a, Manit Nititanakul* a a The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Keywords
More informationAdditives for polyolefines: chemistry involved and innovative effects
Additives for polyolefines: chemistry involved and innovative effects Abstract Because many synthetic resins suffer from photo degradation, the investigation of ways to inhibit or at least retard this
More informationEffect of Surface-Treated ZnO on Mechanical and Morphological Properties of High Density Polyethylene/ZnO Nanocomposites
Paper Code: pp011 TIChE International Conference 2011 Effect of Surface-Treated ZnO on Mechanical and Morphological Properties of High Density Polyethylene/ZnO Nanocomposites Pannida Kijkobchai *, Sirirat
More informationPreparation and Characterization of High-Density Polyethylene Blends and Recycled Poly(ethylene terephthalate)
Preparation and Characterization of High-Density Polyethylene Blends and Recycled Poly(ethylene terephthalate) By: Mohd Nazry Salleh (nazrysalleh@gmail.com) Presentation outline 1. Introduction -rhdpe
More informationEFFECT OF ZnO NANOPARTICLES ON CURE BEHAVIOR OF THE EPDM RUBBER
EFFECT OF ZnO NANOPARTICLES ON CURE BEHAVIOR OF THE EPDM RUBBER Nuttiya Sa-nguansak a and Stephan Thierry Dubas* a a The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
More informationStructure and physicomechanical properties of linear polyethylene containing a ZnO ZnS mixture under UV irradiation
Plasticheskie Massy, No. 6, 2007, pp. 6 9 Structure and physicomechanical properties of linear polyethylene containing a ZnO ZnS mixture under UV irradiation V. P. Gordienko and V. G. Sal nikov State Southern
More informationCHEMICALLY MODIFIED LIGNIN A POTENTIAL RESOURCE MATERIAL FOR COMPOSITES WITH BETTER STABILITY
International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 4, No 1, 2015, 183 189 ISSN 2278-3687 (O) CHEMICALLY MODIFIED LIGNIN A POTENTIAL RESOURCE MATERIAL FOR COMPOSITES WITH BETTER STABILITY
More informationPROPERTIES OF THERMOPLASTIC CASSAVA STARCH MODIFIED BY PECTIN
E_E0026 1 PROPERTIES OF THERMOPLASTIC CASSAVA STARCH MODIFIED BY PECTIN Worawan Pattanasin, Jutarat Prachayawarakorn* Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut s Institute of Technology
More informationPornchai Rachtanapun*, Dararat Pankan and Darin Srisawat
P-STARCH-22 Edible Films of Blended Cassava Starch and Rice Flour with plasticizers and Their Mechanical Properties Pornchai Rachtanapun*, Dararat Pankan and Darin Srisawat Department of Packaging Technology,
More informationSTARCH-G-PLA IN ONE POT PROCESS: THE USE AS A COMPATIBILIZER FOR PLA/TPS BLENDS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXTERNAL STIMULI RESPONSIVE FIBER
STARCH-G-PLA IN ONE POT PROCESS: THE USE AS A COMPATIBILIZER FOR PLA/TPS BLENDS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXTERNAL STIMULI RESPONSIVE FIBER Nathapol Chinivirojsatian a, Autchara Pangon c, Suwabun Chirachanchai*
More informationBIO-CHEMICALS FROM CONVERSION OF BIO-ETHANOL USING VARIOUS SINGLE OXIDES
BIO-CHEMICALS FROM CONVERSION OF BIO-ETHANOL USING VARIOUS SINGLE OXIDES Nattapron Siribanluehan a, Sirirat Jitkarnka a a The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
More informationPROPERTIES OF THERMOPLASTIC CASSAVA STARCH/LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE BLEND MODIFIED BY CARRAGEENAN
E_E0027 1 PROPERTIES OF THERMOPLASTIC CASSAVA STARCH/LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE BLEND MODIFIED BY CARRAGEENAN Wanida Pomdage, Jutarat Prachayawarakorn,* Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King
More informationInternational Journal of Nano Dimension
ISSN: 2008-8868 Contents list available at IJND International Journal of Nano Dimension Journal homepage: www.ijnd.ir Synthesis, characterization and investigation photocatalytic degradation of Nitro Phenol
More informationby Luis Cruz, Ben Labovitz, and Eric Farone
by Luis Cruz, Ben Labovitz, and Eric Farone Liquid Stabilizers for Flexible Vinyl Barium-Cadmium-Zinc some still in use Barium-Zinc most common today worldwide Barium-Calcium-Zinc and Calcium Zinc up and
More informationFe-doped ZnO synthesized by parallel flow precipitation process for improving photocatalytic activity
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS Fe-doped ZnO synthesized by parallel flow precipitation process for improving photocatalytic activity To cite this article: Q
More informationThe Study of Biodegradable Thermoplastics Sago Starch Zuraida Ahmad a, Hazleen Anuar and Yusliza Yusof
Key Engineering Materials Vols. 471-472 (2011) pp 397-402 (2011) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.471-472.397 The Study of Biodegradable Thermoplastics Sago Starch
More informationMelt-Grafting of Maleimides Having Hindered Phenol Group onto Polypropylene
Melt-Grafting of Maleimides Having Hindered Phenol Group onto Polypropylene Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 2003, Vol. 24, No. 12 1809 Melt-Grafting of Maleimides Having Hindered Phenol Group onto Polypropylene
More informationMorphology Control of ZnO with Citrate: A Time and Concentration Dependent Mechanistic Insight. Somnath Das, Kingshuk Dutta and Amitava Pramanik*
Morphology Control of ZnO with Citrate: A Time and Concentration Dependent Mechanistic Insight Somnath Das, Kingshuk Dutta and Amitava Pramanik* Unilever R and D Bangalore, 64 Main Road, Whitefield, Bangalore
More informationMechanochemical Doping of a Non-Metal Element into Zinc Oxide
Chemistry for Sustainable Development 15 (2007) 249 253 249 Mechanochemical Doping of a Non-Metal Element into Zinc Oxide J. WANG, J. F. LU, Q. W. ZHANG, S. YIN, T. SATO and F. SAITO Institute of Multidisciplinary
More informationJournal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2014, 6(2): Research Article
Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 214, 6(2):625-629 Research Article ISSN : 975-7384 CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Preparation of nano-zno by solid state method and
More informationCHAPTER 3. PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF METHYLENE BLUE AND ACID RED 18 DYES BY Bi-Au-ZnO
CHAPTER 3 PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF METHYLENE BLUE AND ACID RED 18 DYES BY Bi-Au-ZnO In this chapter, characterization of Bi-Au-ZnO and its photocatalytic activity on the degradation of Methylene Blue
More informationElectronic Supplementary Information
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for RSC Advances. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 28 Electronic Supplementary Information Nano-Engineering Safer-By-Design Nanoparticle Based Moth-Eye
More informationChemicals Based on Ethylene
Chemicals Based on Ethylene Ethylene is sometimes known as the king of petrochemicals because more commercial chemicals are produced from ethylene than from any other intermediate. This unique position
More information4th Annual International Conference on Material Science and Engineering (ICMSE 2016)
Influence of ZnO Doping on Property of SnO 2 Ceramic Electrodes Qi-Lin WANG 1,a, Xin-You HUANG 1,b *, Jia YIN 1, Jing-Feng SUN 2,c, Meng-Xian FENG 1, Lei CHEN 1 1 School of Materials Science and Engineering,
More informationAgriTitan TM. Effective, Safe, & Smart. Harvest the Power of Light To Control Bacterial Plant Disease. EcoActive Surfaces, Inc.
AgriTitan TM Effective, Safe, & Smart Harvest the Power of Light To Control Bacterial Plant Disease 1 What is AgriTitan TM? AgriTitan TM is a proprietary water-based formulation of extremely small particles
More informationCHAPTER 6. BLUE GREEN AND UV EMITTING ZnO NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED THROUGH A NON AQUEOUS ROUTE
71 CHAPTER 6 BLUE GREEN AND UV EMITTING ZnO NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED THROUGH A NON AQUEOUS ROUTE 6.1 INTRODUCTION Several techniques such as chemical vapour deposition, electrochemical deposition, thermal
More informationSTUDY ON ENERGY STORAGE ABILITY OF ZnO/TiO 2 FOR PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF ISOPROPANOL
STUDY ON ENERGY STORAGE ABILITY OF ZnO/TiO 2 FOR PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF ISOPROPANOL Ratchawan Jarumanee a, Pramoch Rangsunvigit*,a,b, Pailin Ngaotrakanwiwat c a The Petroleum and Petrochemical College,
More informationResearch Article Effect of Soil Burial on Tensile Properties of Polypropylene/Plasticized Cassava Starch Blends
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering Volume 213, Article ID 326538, 5 pages http://dx.doi.org/1.1155/213/326538 Research Article Effect of Soil Burial on Tensile Properties of Polypropylene/Plasticized
More informationImproved Weatherability of Outdoor Wood Stains using Nanotechnology
Improved Weatherability of Outdoor Wood Stains using Nanotechnology Roger Cayton, Patrick G. Murray, David Nelson, and Ryan Ostrowski Nanophase Technologies Corporation, US Introduction There is no question
More informationInvestigation of the Photocatalytic Degradation of Ethanol and Acetone
ESL-IC--- ICEBO, Shenzhen, China Maximize Comfort: Temperature, Humidity, and IAQ Vol. I-- Investigation of the Photocatalytic Degradation of Ethanol and Acetone Yanhua Liu Bo Ding Shuping Dong Professor
More informationCharacterization and Thermomechanical Properties of Thermoplastic Potato Starch.
e-issn:2319-9873 Research and Reviews: Journal of Engineering and Technology Characterization and Thermomechanical Properties of Thermoplastic Potato Starch. Musa MB a *, Yoo MJ c, Kang TJ b, Kolawole
More informationELECTROSPUN CELLULOSE ULTRA-FINE FIBERS FROM KRAFT PULP
ELECTROSPUN CELLULOSE ULTRA-FINE FIBERS FROM KRAFT PULP S. J. Yeoh 1, W.Y. Hamad 2, F.K. Ko 1 1 University of British Columbia 2355, East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T1Z4 2 FPInnovations 3800, Wesbrook
More informationPhotocatalytic removing of methylene blue by using of Cu-doped ZnO, Ag-doped ZnO and Cu,Ag-codoped ZnO nanostructures
Photocatalytic removing of methylene blue by using of Cu-doped ZnO, Ag-doped ZnO and Cu,Ag-codoped ZnO nanostructures Rahmatollah Rahimi*, Javad Shokrayian, Mahboubeh Rabbani Department of Chemistry, Iran
More informationEngineering the Growth of TiO 2 Nanotube Arrays on Flexible Carbon Fibre Sheets
Engineering the Growth of TiO 2 Nanotube Arrays on Flexible Carbon Fibre Sheets Peng Chen, a Li Gu, b Xiudong Xue, a Mingjuan Li a and Xuebo Cao* a a Key Lab of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province and
More informationSTUDIES ON THE PHOTO DEGRADATION OF MALACHITE GREEN DYE BY THE SYNTHESIZED ZnO NANO PARTICLES WITH DIFFERENT SOURCES OF ENERGY
IJRPC 214, 4(3), 571-576 Shanthi et al. ISSN: 22312781 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHARMACY AND CHEMISTRY Available online at www.ijrpc.com Research Article STUDIES ON THE PHOTO DEGRADATION OF
More informationCHAPTER 5 CHARACTERIZATION OF ZINC OXIDE NANO- PARTICLES
88 CHAPTER 5 CHARACTERIZATION OF ZINC OXIDE NANO- PARTICLES 5.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter deals with the characterization of ZnO nano-particles using FTIR, XRD, PSA & SEM. The results analysis and interpretations
More informationSupplementary data. High-Performance Ultrafiltration Membranes Based on Polyethersulfone/Graphene Oxide Composites
Supplementary data High-Performance Ultrafiltration Membranes Based on Polyethersulfone/Graphene Oxide Composites Fengmin Jin a, Wei Lv b,a, Chen Zhang a, Zhengjie Li a, Rongxin Su a, Wei Qi a, Quan-Hong
More information3.12 Polymers. As with esters, the OH from the carboxylic acid is lost with the H from the alcohol.
3.12 s Condensation polymerisation: This is the joining of 2 monomers while eliminating a small molecule - H 2 O or HCl The functional group on one monomer joins with a different functional group in another
More informationPOLYMER REINFORCEMENT
POLYMER REINFORCEMENT CG2 NanoCoatings Inc. 2007 CG 2 NanoCoatings Inc. 21 Pine Needles Court, Suite 200, Ottawa, ON K2S 1G5 CANADA T 613.435.7747 F 413.638.3933 W www.cg2nanocoatings.com POLYMER REINFORCEMENT
More informationSulfate Radical-Mediated Degradation of Sulfadiazine by CuFeO 2 Rhombohedral Crystal-Catalyzed Peroxymonosulfate: Synergistic Effects and Mechanisms
Supporting Information for Sulfate Radical-Mediated Degradation of Sulfadiazine by CuFeO 2 Rhombohedral Crystal-Catalyzed Peroxymonosulfate: Synergistic Effects and Mechanisms Submitted by Yong Feng, Deli
More informationNanopigments For Broad Spectrum Sun Protection. Patricia Aikens NAFTA Technical Services
Nanopigments For Broad Spectrum Sun Protection Patricia Aikens NAFTA Technical Services UV radiation and the skin UV absorbers Nanopigments Titanium dioxide Zinc Oxide Electromagnetic Radiation Longer
More informationKinetics and mechanisms of the oxidation processes for unsaturated-hydrocarbon-modified scavengers
The University of Toledo The University of Toledo Digital Repository Theses and Dissertations 2010 Kinetics and mechanisms of the oxidation processes for unsaturated-hydrocarbon-modified scavengers Hao
More informationEffect of interfacial treatment on the thermal properties of thermal cunductive plastics
express Polymer Letters Vol.1, No.9 (2007) 608 615 Available online at www.expresspolymlett.com DOI: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2007.83 Effect of interfacial treatment on the thermal properties of thermal
More informationResistance to Thermal Degradation of Polypropylene in Presence of Nano Zinc Oxide
Resistance to Thermal Degradation of Polypropylene in Presence of Nano Zinc Oxide Resistance to Thermal Degradation of Polypropylene in Presence of Nano Zinc Oxide Saisy K. Esthappan 1,2 and Rani Joseph
More informationTheerapong Santhaveesuk, * Duangmanee Wongratanaphisan and Supab Choopun
NU Science Journal 2009; 6(S1): 43-50 Ethanol Sensing Property of Tetrapods Prepared by Thermal Oxidation of Zn and TiO 2 Mixture Theerapong Santhaveesuk, * Duangmanee Wongratanaphisan and Supab Choopun
More informationFabric detergents for body-odor reduction
47 Fabric detergents for body-odor reduction Natthida Khamjit and Usa Sangwatanaroj * Abstract This research targets to prepare detergents containing -cyclodextrin and to use them for fabric laundry in
More informationSupporting Information. Scalable Chitosan-Graphene Oxide Membranes: The Effect of GO Size on. Properties and Cross-Flow Filtration Performance
Supporting Information Scalable Chitosan-Graphene Oxide Membranes: The Effect of GO Size on Properties and Cross-Flow Filtration Performance Mojtaba Abolhassani, a Chris S. Griggs, b Luke A. Gurtowski,
More informationAntibacterial Activity of ZnO Nanoparticles Coated on Ceramic Tiles Prepared by Sol-Gel Method
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals, Vol. 27 No. 2 pp. 1-5, 2017 Sumalee CHANRAWANGYOT 1, Sirirat T.RATTANACHAN 1,*, Apichon WATCHARENWONG 2, and Thipwan FANGSUWANNARAK 1 School of Ceramic Engineering,
More informationThermal Properties and Moisture Absorption of LDPE/Banana Starch Biocomposite Films
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals. Vol. 12 No. 1 pp. 1-1, 22 Thermal Properties and Moisture Absorption of LDPE/Banana Starch Biocomposite Films Duangdao AHT-ONG* and Kanjana CHAROENKONGTHUM Department
More informationUV/EB Chemistry to Improve Package Durability. James E. Goodrich
UV/EB Chemistry to Improve Package Durability James E. Goodrich May 24, 2010 Introduction UV/EB chemistry has many environmental and processing advantages that are useful Still more advantages being researched
More informationSolar light driven degradation of eriochrome black T by photocatalysis
IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC) e-issn: 2278-5736.Volume 8, Issue 2 Ver. II. (Feb. 2015), PP 55-62 www.iosrjournals.org Solar light driven degradation of eriochrome black T by photocatalysis
More informationStarch-PVA composite films: towards a new generation of biodegradable packaging material
Starch-PVA composite films: towards a new generation of biodegradable packaging material Amalia Cano, Maite Chafér, Amparo Chiralt and Chelo González Institute of Food Engineering for the Development (IIAD)
More information(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2007/ A1
(19) United States US 20070243350A1 (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2007/0243350 A1 Forsberg et al. (43) Pub. Date: (54) PACKAGES (30) Foreign Application Priority Data (76) Inventors:
More informationCPGAN #002. FTIR Quantification of Absorbed Radiation Dose in Polyethylene
1.1 Introduction Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is the current material of choice for bearing surface applications in total joint arthroplasty. In an effort to enhance the wear properties
More informationFunctionalized Agricultural Packaging
Functionalized Agricultural Packaging Preedawan Duangchan a, Rathanawan Magaraphan* a a The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University Keywords : Active Packaging, Carboxymethyl cellulose,
More informationNanostructured ZnO as a solution-processable transparent electrode material for low-cost photovoltaics
Nanostructured ZnO as a solution-processable transparent electrode material for low-cost photovoltaics Investigators P.I: Alberto Salleo, Assistant Professor, Materials Science and Engineering Dr. Ludwig
More informationDye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) Performance Reviewed from the Composition of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)/Zinc Oxide (ZnO)
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) Performance Reviewed from the Composition of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)/Zinc Oxide (ZnO) To cite
More informationNew Catalytic Approaches to Produce Fuels from Algae
Panel 25.9.212 New Catalytic Approaches to Produce Fuels from Algae Chen Zhao, Johannes A. Lercher Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München Panel 25.9.212 utline Introduction Fatty acid
More informationDevelopment of Suitable Methodology to Synthesize Terephthalic Acid Based Alkyd Resin
Development of Suitable Methodology to Synthesize Terephthalic Acid Based Alkyd Resin Udayakumara S.V. 1, Gunapala O. 2 1 B.Sc Engineering (Moratuwa,SL), 2 PhD(Moscow) 1 Department of Materials Science
More informationANALYSIS OF MICROSTRUCTURE OF FUMED SILICA REINFORCED POLYESTER COMPOSITES
International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET) Volume 6, Issue 7, July (2015), pp. 32-38, Article ID: Article ID: 20120150607005 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/currentissue.asp?jtype=ijaret&vtype=6&itype=7
More informationThermoplastic Starch (TPS) Based Bio-disintegrable Polymers - Combination of Modified Potato Starch with Polyolefins
Thermoplastic Starch (TPS) Based Bio-disintegrable Polymers - Combination of Modified Potato Starch with Polyolefins Manjari Sharma 1, Vijai Kumar 2, Anek Pal Gupta 3 1 Ambedkar Institute of Advanced Communication
More informationPREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF METAL OXIDE NANOPOWDERS BY MICROWAVE- ASSISTED COMBUSTION METHOD FOR GAS SENSING DEVICES
i PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF METAL OXIDE NANOPOWDERS BY MICROWAVE- ASSISTED COMBUSTION METHOD FOR GAS SENSING DEVICES THESIS SUBMITTED TO ALAGAPPA UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE AWARD
More informationOrganohalides and Applications of Free Radical Reactions. Dr. Sapna Gupta
Organohalides and Applications of Free Radical Reactions Dr. Sapna Gupta Applications of Radical Reactions Since these reactions are hard to control they have few practical applications. This does not
More informationDetect, remove and re-use: a new paradigm in sensing and removal of Hg (II) from wastewater via SERS-active ZnO/Ag nano-arrays
Supporting Information 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Detect, remove and re-use: a new paradigm in sensing and removal of Hg (II) from wastewater via SERS-active ZnO/Ag nano-arrays
More informationAlehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acid
Alehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acid Aldehydes and Ketones: Introduction Aldedydes and ketones are organic compounds that contain carbon-oxygen doule bonds. The general formula for aldehydes is O C R
More informationSYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIODEGRADABLE STARCH-CLAY MATERIALS
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIODEGRADABLE STARCH-CLAY MATERIALS Ing. Jaromír Dlouhý West Bohemia University Univerzitni 8, 306 14 Czech Republic ABSTRACT This paper presents results from research
More informationPhotocatalytic degradation of leather dyes in aqueous solution using solar/uv illuminated TiO 2 /ZnO
Proceedings of International Symposium on Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Management 7-10 January 2002, Tunis (EPCOWM 2002), p.654-659. Photocatalytic degradation of leather dyes in aqueous solution
More informationSILVER AND ZINC OXIDE BASED NANO POWDERS AND THEIR POLYMER BASED NANOCOMPOSITES FOR ANTIBACTERIAL APPLICATION
SILVER AND ZINC OXIDE BASED NANO POWDERS AND THEIR POLYMER BASED NANOCOMPOSITES FOR ANTIBACTERIAL APPLICATION Ezgi ABATAY 1, Tuğçe ÖZMEN 1, Alper ARSLANOĞLU 2 and Metin TANOĞLU 3* 1 Department of Biotechnology
More informationPlasmonic blood glucose monitor based on enzymatic. etching of gold nanorods
Plasmonic blood glucose monitor based on enzymatic etching of gold nanorods Xin Liu, Shuya Zhang, Penglong Tan, Jiang Zhou, Yan Huang, Zhou Nie* and Shouzhuo Yao State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing
More informationSolving practical problems. Maria Kuhtinskaja
Solving practical problems Maria Kuhtinskaja What does a mass spectrometer do? It measures mass better than any other technique. It can give information about chemical structures. What are mass measurements
More information3.1 Background. Preformulation Studies
Preformulation Studies 3.1 Background Delivery of any drug requires a suitable dosage form to get optimum therapeutic effects. The development of such dosage forms fundamental properties of the drug molecule
More informationCurrent Opinions on the Human Safety of Titanium Dioxide and Zinc Oxide
Current Opinions on the Human Safety of Titanium Dioxide and Zinc Oxide J F. Nash, Ph.D. Central Product Safety The Procter & Gamble Company Cincinnati, OH 45241 nash.jf@pg.com Human Safety: Objective
More informationBiopolymers in Packaging
Biopolymers in Packaging Section I: Introduction A. Study purpose B. Key definitions 1. Biopolymers 2. Synthetic polymers 3. Thermoplastic property 4. Biodegradability and compostability C. Study organization
More informationFundamentals of Organic Chemistry CHEM 109 For Students of Health Colleges Credit hrs.: (2+1)
Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry CHEM 109 For Students of Health Colleges Credit hrs.: (2+1) King Saud University College of Science, Chemistry Department CHEM 109 CHAPTER 7. CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND THEIR
More informationCARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES: NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION-ELIMINATION AT THE ACYL CARBON
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES: NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION-ELIMINATION AT THE ACYL CARBON RED ANT WAS SOURCE OF FORMIC ACID (RCOOH) Lecture 8 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2 Introduction The carboxyl group (-CO
More informationAppeal decision. Appeal No USA ATRIUM MEDICAL CORPORATION. Osaka, Japan. Osaka, Japan. Osaka, Japan. Osaka, Japan
Appeal decision Appeal No. 2014-13097 USA Appellant ATRIUM MEDICAL CORPORATION Osaka, Japan Patent Attorney YAMAMOTO, Shusaku Osaka, Japan Patent Attorney MORISHITA, Natsuki Osaka, Japan Patent Attorney
More informationComparitive Study Of Pure ZnO and Copper Doped Zno Nanoparticles Synthesized via Coprecipitation Method
Comparitive Study Of Pure ZnO and Copper Doped Zno Nanoparticles Synthesized via Coprecipitation Method V.Kalaiselvi 1,Dr.N.Jayamani 2 &M.Revathi 3 1 Assistant Professor & Head, Department of Physics,
More informationA Study of Morphology of Synthesized Nano Zinc Oxide and its Application in Photodegradation of Malachite Green Dye using Different Sources of Energy
International Journal of Chemistry and Applications. ISSN 0974-3111 Volume 4, Number 1 (2012), pp. 39-52 International Research Publication House http://www.irphouse.com A Study of Morphology of Synthesized
More informationBio-based Solutions for High-Performance Polyurethane Adhesives. Angela Smits Bio-based Adhesives Conference 2013
Bio-based Solutions for High-Performance Polyurethane Adhesives Angela Smits Bio-based Adhesives Conference 213 Bio-based building blocks sustainable solutions CRODA: Naturally derived speciality chemicals
More informationPREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF MODIFIED CARBOXYLMETHYL CELLULOSE WITH CASSAVA STARCH
E_E0011 1 PREPARATIN AND PRPERTIES F MDIFIED CARBXYLMETHYL CELLULSE WITH CASSAVA STARCH Janthanipa Nuim, Sa-Ad Riyajan * Department of Materials Science and Technology and Natural Products Research Center,
More informationTPO Roofing Membranes: TPO Roofing: Stability and Performance. Stability and Performance. Dr. Kimberly Deaton Johns Manville
TPO Roofing Membranes: TPO Roofing: Stability and Performance Stability and Performance Dr. Kimberly Deaton Johns Manville Outline TPO Roofing Membrane What is TPO Degradation Modes Protection Performance
More informationImproving the Process Ability of Poly (3-Hydroxybutyrate) by a Polyphenolic Natural Additive
Journal of Applied Packaging Research Volume 8 Number 4 Special Issue of API 2015-Part 2 Article 1 2016 Improving the Process Ability of Poly (3-Hydroxybutyrate) by a Polyphenolic Natural Additive Maria
More informationCorrelation of Test Methods to evaluate the Thermal Stability of neat PVC Resin
Correlation of Test Methods to evaluate the Thermal Stability of neat PVC Resin PVC 2008 - The 10 th International Conference on PVC Innovation Technology Sustainability Networking Brighton Dome, UK April
More informationCharacterization of Polyol Synthesized from Epoxidized Palm Oil Using Fourier Transform Infra-Red and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Characterization of Polyol Synthesized from Epoxidized Palm il Using Fourier Transform Infra-Red and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance W. N. Wan Tajulruddin a, A. R. Rahmat *,b, Z. A. Mohd Yusof c, A. Fakhari
More informationElectronic Supplementary Information
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Chemical Communications. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Electronic Supplementary Information Enzymatic Synthesis and Post-Functionalization
More informationPreparation of TiO 2. -ZnO and its activity test in sonophotocatalytic degradation of phenol. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS Preparation of TiO 2 -ZnO and its activity test in sonophotocatalytic degradation of phenol To cite this article: Is Fatimah and
More informationThe Effect of Coupling Agent on the Self-cleaning Ability of Nanowire Zinc Oxide-poly(butylene terephthalate) Fibers
The Effect of Coupling Agent on the Self-cleaning Ability of Nanowire Zinc Oxide-poly(butylene terephthalate) Fibers Siripan Metanawin, Napatson Soonthonpinit, and Tanapak Metanawin Abstract The aim of
More informationSOLAR PHOTOLYSIS AND PHOTOCATALYTIC TREATMENT OF TEXTILE INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER
Int. J. Chem. Sci.: 8(3), 2010, 1409-1420 SOLAR PHOTOLYSIS AND PHOTOCATALYTIC TREATMENT OF TEXTILE INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER FALAH H. HUSSEIN * and THEKRA A. ABASS a Department of Chemistry, College of Science,
More informationEFFECT OF COMPRESSED CO 2 ON THE PROPERTIES OF AOT IN ISOOCTANE REVERSE MICELLAR SOLUTION AND ITS APPLICATION TO RECOVER NANOPARTICLES
EFFECT OF COMPRESSED CO 2 ON THE PROPERTIES OF AOT IN ISOOCTANE REVERSE MICELLAR SOLUTION AND ITS APPLICATION TO RECOVER NANOPARTICLES Dongxia Liu, Jianling Zhang, Tiancheng Mu, Jing Chen, Weize Wu, Jun
More informationSynergies of Metal Molybdates and Metal Hydroxides in Fire Retardant Polyolefin Compounds
1 Synergies of Metal Molybdates and Metal Hydroxides in Fire Retardant Polyolefin Compounds Alex Isarov, David Temples, Mark Herndon, Tong Chen J.M. Huber Corporation Fairmount, GA 30139 USA Background
More informationChapter 20 Carboxylic Acids. Introduction
hapter 20 arboxylic Acids Introduction arbonyl (-=) and hydroxyl (-H) on the same carbon is carboxyl group. arboxyl group is usually written -H or 2 H. Aliphatic acids have an alkyl group bonded to -H.
More informationProperties of Oxidized Cassava Starch as Influenced by Oxidant Concentration and Reaction Time
Properties of Oxidized Cassava Starch as Influenced by Oxidant Concentration and Reaction Time P-STARCH-26 Kunruedee Sangseethong 1 and Klanarong Sriroth 2,3 1 Cassava and Starch Technology Research Unit,
More informationCarboxylic Acids and their Derivatives I
2302272 Org Chem II Part I Lecture 5 Carboxylic Acids and their Derivatives I Instructor: Dr. Tanatorn Khotavivattana E-mail: tanatorn.k@chula.ac.th Recommended Textbook: Chapter 20 in Organic Chemistry,
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information R6G/8-AQ co-functionalized Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 nanoparticles for fluorescence detection of trace Hg 2+ and Zn 2+ in aqueous solution Yao Gu 1,2, Guowen Meng 1,3*, Meiling Wang 1, Qing
More informationJournal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2015, 7(8): Research Article
Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 215, 7(8):257-261 Research Article ISSN : 975-7384 CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Pulping process for rice straw in basic ionic liquid
More informationNANOPOWDERS USED IN THE MEDICAL INDUSTRY 1. Case metadata
NANOPOWDERS USED IN THE MEDICAL INDUSTRY 1. Case metadata Country/ies of origin: Romania Year of publication by agency: Sector: 8610 Hospital activities Keywords: 13841E Elimination of hazards 24361C Good
More informationChapter 18 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives. Nucleophilic Addition- Elimination at the Acyl Carbon
Chapter 18 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives. Nucleophilic Addition- Elimination at the Acyl Carbon Introduction The carboxyl group (-CO 2 H) is the parent group of a family of compounds called acyl
More informationThe Effect of Degree of Gel Content of EVA Encapsulant. on the Properties of Encapsulant Itself and
The Effect of Degree of Gel Content of EVA Encapsulant on the Properties of Encapsulant Itself and Finally on the Reliability of the Solar Module in the Field Ashish Kumar Singh 1, Rajesh Singh 2, 1 Manager
More informationPhysico-Chemical Properties of Gelatin Films Incorporated with Different Hydrocolloids
2013 2nd International Conference on Nutrition and Food Sciences IPCBEE vol.53 (2013) (2013) IACSIT Press, Singapore DOI: 10.7763/IPCBEE. 2013. V53. 16 Physico-Chemical Properties of Gelatin Films Incorporated
More informationSupplementary Fig. 1.
Supplementary Fig. 1. (a,b,e,f) SEM and (c,d,g,h) TEM images of (a-d) TiO 2 mesocrystals and (e-h) NiO mesocrystals. The scale bars in the panel c, d, g, and h are 500, 2, 50, and 5 nm, respectively. SAED
More information