Scientific Opinion on the safety assessment of the process CPR Superclean PET used to recycle post-consumer PET into food contact materials 1

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1 EFSA Journal 2013;11(10):3398 SCIENTIFIC OPINION Scientific Opinion on the safety assessment of the process CPR Superclean PET used to recycle post-consumer PET into food contact materials 1 EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes, Flavourings and Processing Aids (CEF) 2, 3 European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy ABSTRACT This scientific opinion of the EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes, Flavourings and Processing Aids deals with the safety assessment of the recycling process CPR Superclean PET (EU register number RECYC002) The input of the process is hot caustic washed and dried PET flakes originating from collected post-consumer PET containers, mainly bottles, containing no more than 5 % of PET from non-food consumer applications. Through this process, washed and dried flakes are extruded under vacuum and pelletised. The pellets are crystallised and solid state polymerised (SSP) in a reactor at high temperature under vacuum. Having examined the challenge test provided, the Panel concluded that the three steps, the decontamination in the drying drum and extruder (step 2), the crystallisation (step 3) and the decontamination in the SSP reactor (step 4) are the critical steps for the decontamination efficiency of the process. The operating parameters to control their performance are the temperature, the pressure and the residence time for the drying drum and extrusion (step 2), the crystallisation (step 3) and the SSP (step 4). The operating parameters of these steps in the process are at least as severe as those obtained from the challenge test. Under these conditions, it was demonstrated that the recycling process is able to ensure that the level of migration of potential unknown contaminants into food is below a conservatively modelled migration of 0.1 μg/kg food. Therefore the Panel concluded that the recycled PET obtained from this process intended to be used at up to 100 % for the manufacture of materials and articles for contact with all types of foodstuffs for long term storage at room temperature, with or without hotfill is not considered of safety concern. European Food Safety Authority, On request from the Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Spain, Question No EFSA-Q , adopted on 26 September Panel members: Ulla Beckman Sundh, Mona-Lise Binderup, Claudia Bolognesi, Leon Brimer, Laurence Castle, Alessandro Di Domenico, Karl-Heinz Engel, Roland Franz, Nathalie Gontard, Rainer Gürtler, Trine Husøy, Klaus-Dieter Jany, Martine Kolf-Clauw, Catherine Leclercq (until July 2013), Jean-Claude Lhuguenot (until November 2012), Wim Mennes, Maria Rosaria Milana, Maria de Fátima Poças, Iona Pratt, Kettil Svensson, Fidel Toldrá and Detlef Wölfle. One member of the Panel did not participate in the discussion on the subject referred to above because of potential conflicts of interest identified in accordance with the EFSA policy on declarations of interests. Correspondence: cef@efsa.europa.eu 3 Acknowledgement: The Panel wishes to thank the members of the Working Group on Recycling processes: Laurence Castle, Vincent Dudler, Nathalie Gontard, Eugenia Lampi, Maria Rosaria Milana and Constantine Papaspyrides for the preparatory work on this scientific opinion. Suggested citation: EFSA CEF Panel (EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes, Flavourings and Processing Aids, Scientific Opinion on the safety assessment of the process CPR Superclean PET, used to recycle post-consumer PET into food contact materials. EFSA Journal 2013;11(10):3398, 15 pp. doi: /j.efsa Available online: European Food Safety Authority, 2013

2 KEY WORDS CPR Superclean PET; Food contact materials; Plastic; Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET); Recycling; Process; Safety assessment EFSA Journal 2013;11(10):3398 2

3 SUMMARY According to the Commission Regulation (EC) No 282/ of 27 March 2008 on recycled plastic materials intended to come into contact with foods and amending Regulation (EC) No 2023/2006 5, EFSA is requested to evaluate recycling processes of plastic waste. In this context, the CEF Panel evaluated the process CPR Superclean PET. The Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Spain, requested the evaluation of the recycling process CPR Superclean PET submitted by Extremadura Torrepet, S.L. The recycling process has been allocated the European Union register number RECYC002. It is deemed to recycle poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) pellets from PET containers, mainly bottles collected through post-consumer collection systems. The recycled pellets are intended to be used at up to 100 % for the manufacture of food contact materials and articles. These recycled materials and articles are intended to be used in direct contact with all kind of foodstuffs for long term storage at room temperature, with or without hotfill. The process is composed of four steps. First the post-consumer collected PET containers, mainly bottles,are processed into washed and dried flakes, which are used as input of the CPR Superclean PET decontamination technology. Dried flakes are extruded under vacuum and pelletised (step 2). The pellets are then crystallised and pre-heated in a continuous system under inert gas (step 3) before being decontaminated in a solid state polymerisation (SSP) reactor at high temperature under vacuum (step 4). Detailed specifications for the input materials are provided and the amount of non-food containers is reported to be no more than 2 %. A challenge test was conducted in the commercial production plant on the process steps 2 (drying drum and extrusion) and in a pilot plant for the steps 3 and 4 (crystallisation and solid state polymerisation respectively) to measure the decontamination efficiency. The decontamination efficiencies obtained for each surrogate contaminant from the challenge test, all derived from detection limits are for all higher than 98.7 %, have been used to calculate the residual concentrations of potential unknown contaminants in pellets (Cres) according to the evaluation procedure described in the Scientific Opinion on the criteria to be used for safety evaluation of a mechanical recycling process to produce recycled PET intended to be used for manufacture of materials and articles in contact with food (EFSA CEF Panel, 2011). According to these criteria, the recycling process under evaluation is able to ensure that the level of unknown contaminants in recycled PET is below a calculated concentration (Cmod), corresponding to a modelled migration of 0.1 μg/kg food. The Panel considered that the process is well characterised and the main steps used to recycle the PET flakes into decontaminated PET pellets are identified. Having examined the challenge test provided, the Panel concluded that the three steps the decontamination in the drying drum and extruder (step 2), the crystallisation (step 3) and the decontamination in the SSP reactor (step 4) are the critical steps for the decontamination efficiency of the process. The operating parameters to control their performance are the temperature, the pressure and the residence time for the drying drum and extrusion (step 2), the crystallisation (step 3) and the SSP (step 4). Therefore, the Panel considered that the recycling process CPR Superclean PET is able to reduce any foreseeable accidental contamination of the post-consumer food contact PET to a concentration that does not give rise to concern for a risk to human health if: 4 Regulation (EC) No 282/2008 of the European parliament and of the council of 27 March 2008 on recycled plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with foods and amending Regulation (EC) No 2023/2006. OJ L 86, , p Regulation (EC) No 2023/2006 of the European parliament and of the council of 22 December 2006 on good manufacturing practice for materials and articles intended to come into contact with food. OJ L 384, , p EFSA Journal 2013;11(10):3398 3

4 i) it is operated under conditions that are at least as severe as those obtained from the challenge test used to measure the decontamination efficiency of the process and, ii) the input of the process is washed and dried post-consumer PET flakes originating from materials and articles that have been manufactured in accordance with the European legislation on food contact materials containing no more than 5 % of PET from non-food consumer applications. The Panel concluded that the recycled PET obtained from the process CPR Superclean PET intended be used at up to 100 % for the manufacture of materials and articles for contact with all types of foodstuffs for long term storage at room temperature, with or without hotfill is not considered of safety concern. The Panel recommended that it should be verified periodically, as part of the good manufacturing practice (GMP), that as foreseen in the Regulation (EC) No 282/2008, art. 4b, the input originates from materials and articles that have been manufactured in accordance with the European legislation on food contact materials and that the proportion of PET from non-food consumer applications is no more than 5 % in the input to be recycled. Critical steps should be monitored and kept under control; supporting documentation on how it is ensured that the critical steps are operated under conditions at least as severe as those obtained from the challenge test used to measure the decontamination efficiency of the process should be available. EFSA Journal 2013;11(10):3398 4

5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract... 1 Summary... 3 Table of contents... 5 Background as provided by the legislation... 6 Terms of reference as provided by the Legislation... 6 Assessment Introduction General information Description of the process General description Characterisation of the input CPR Superclean PET technology Description of the main steps Decontamination efficiency of the recycling process Discussion... 9 Conclusions and recommendations Documentation provided to EFSA References Annexes A. Technical data of the washed flakes as provided by the applicant B. Relationship between the key parameters for the evaluation scheme (EFSA Scientific Panel on Food ContactMaterials,Enzymes,Flavourings and Processing Aids (CEF), 2011) Abbreviations EFSA Journal 2013;11(10):3398 5

6 BACKGROUND AS PROVIDED BY THE LEGISLATION Recycled plastic materials and articles shall only be placed on the market if they contain recycled plastic obtained from an authorised recycling process. Before a recycling process is authorised, EFSA opinion on its safety is required. This procedure has been established in Article 5 of the Regulation (EC) No 282/2008 of the Commission of 27 March 2008 on recycled plastic materials intended to come into contact with foods and Articles 8 and 9 of the Regulation (EC) No 1935/ of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 October 2004 on materials and articles intended to come into contact with food. According to this procedure, the industry submits applications to the Member States competent Authorities which transmit the applications to EFSA for evaluation. Each application is supported by a technical dossier submitted by the industry following the EFSA guidelines for the submission of an application for safety assessment by the EFSA of a recycling process to produce recycled plastics intended to be used for manufacture of materials and articles in contact with food, prior to its authorisation (EFSA, 2008). In this case, EFSA received, from the Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Spain, an application for evaluation of the recycling process CPR Superclean PET, EU register number RECYC002. TERMS OF REFERENCE AS PROVIDED BY THE LEGISLATION EFSA is required by Article 5 of Regulation (EC) No 282/2008 of the Commission of 27 March 2008 on recycled plastic materials intended to come into contact with foods to carry out risk assessments on the risks originating from the migration of substances from recycled food contact plastic materials and articles into food and to deliver a scientific opinion on the recycling processes examined. According to Article 4 of Regulation (EC) No 282/2008, EFSA will evaluate whether it has been demonstrated in a challenge test, or by other appropriate scientific evidence that the recycling process CPR Superclean PET is able to reduce any contamination of the plastic input to a concentration that does not pose a risk to human health. The PET materials and articles used as input of the process as well as the conditions of use of the recycled PET make part of this evaluation. 6 Regulation (EC) No 1935/2004 of the European parliament and of the council of 27 October 2004 on materials and articles intended to come into contact with food and repealing Directives 80/590/EEC and 89/109/EEC. OJ L 338, , p EFSA Journal 2013;11(10):3398 6

7 ASSESSMENT 1. Introduction The European Food Safety Authority was asked by the Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Spain, to evaluate the safety of the recycling process CPR Superclean PET which has been allocated the EU register number RECYC002. The request has been registered in the EFSA register of questions under the number EFSA-Q The dossier was submitted by Extremadura Torrepet, S.L. The dossier submitted for evaluation followed the EFSA Guidelines for the submission of an application for safety assessment by the EFSA of a recycling process to produce recycled plastics intended to be used for manufacture of materials and articles in contact with food, prior to its authorisation (EFSA, 2008). 2. General information According to the applicant, the recycling process CPR Superclean PET is intended to recycle postconsumer food grade poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) containers, mainly bottles, to produce recycled PET pellets. The recycled pellets are intended to be used up to 100 % for the manufacture of recycled materials and articles. These final materials and articles are intended to be used in direct contact with foodstuffs for long term storage at room temperature, with or without hotfill. 3. Description of the process 3.1. General description The recycling process CPR Superclean PET produces recycled PET pellets from PET containers, mainly bottles, coming from post-consumer collection systems (deposit or specific collection systems). The recycling process is composed of the four steps below. Input In Step 1, post-consumer PET containers, mainly bottles, are processed in house into hot caustic washed and dried flakes. Decontamination and production of recycled PET material In Step 2, the flakes are dried, extruded under vacuum and pelletised. In Step 3, the extruded pellets are crystallised in a unique reactor. In Step 4, the crystallised pellets are decontaminated by solid state polymerisation process (SSP) under vacuum at high temperature. Recycled pellets, the final product of the process, are checked against technical requirements on intrinsic viscosity, bulk density, crystalline degree, moisture and colour. Recycled pellets are intended to be converted by other companies into recycled articles used for hotfill and/or long-term storage at room temperature, such as bottles for mineral water, soft drinks and juices, jars and tubs. The recycled pellets may also be used for sheets, which are thermoformed to make food trays, blisters and film (bags and snack food wrappers). The trays are not intended to be used either in microwave or in conventional oven. The operating conditions of the process have been provided to EFSA. EFSA Journal 2013;11(10):3398 7

8 3.2. Characterisation of the input PET recycling process CPR Superclean PET According to the applicant, the input for the recycling process CPR Superclean PET is hot caustic washed and dried flakes obtained from PET bottles, previously used for food packaging, from selective refuse or recovery refuse. However, a small fraction may originate from non-food applications such as soap bottles, mouth wash, kitchen hygiene bottles, etc. According to the applicant, the amount of this non-food container fraction is no more that 2 % during the bottle sorting. Technical data for the hot caustic washed flakes are provided for the submitted recycling process such as information on residual content of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), polyolefins, inert materials and physical properties (see Annex A). 4. CPR Superclean PET technology 4.1. Description of the main steps To decontaminate post-consumer PET, the recycling process CPR Superclean PET uses the technology as described below and for which the general scheme provided by the applicant is reported in figure 1. In Step 1, post-consumer PET containers, mainly bottles, are processed in house into hot caustic washed and dried flakes. Drying and extrusion of flakes into pellets under vacuum, (Step 2): Flakes are introduced into a drying drum reactor operated under vacuum for a predefined residence time, equipped with a rotating tool that heats up the material by friction energy, then the flakes are sent continuously to an inline extruder where they are melted and processed into pellets. The time, temperature and vacuum conditions favour the removal of possible volatile contaminants in PET flakes. The melted polymer is also filtered to remove small inert particles. Pellets are further stored in a silo. Crystallisation and pre-heating (Step 3): The extruded pellets are fed continuously to a reactor in which they are crystallised at high temperature, under atmospheric pressure for a predefined residence time. Solid State Polymerisation (Step 4): The crystallised pellets coming from the crystalliser are loaded in a silo and then introduced into a batch solid state polymerisation reactor running under vacuum for a predefined high temperature and residence time. This step increases the intrinsic viscosity of the material and further decontaminates the PET pellets. Figure 1: General scheme of the CPR Superclean PET technology EFSA Journal 2013;11(10):3398 8

9 The process is operated under defined operating parameters of temperature, pressure and residence time Decontamination efficiency of the recycling process To demonstrate the decontamination efficiency of the recycling process, a challenge test on the CPR Superclean PET technology, was submitted to EFSA. PET flakes were contaminated with selected chemicals, toluene, chloroform, chlorobenzene, phenylcyclohexane, methyl salicylate, benzophenone and methyl stearate used as surrogate contaminants. The surrogates were chosen in agreement with EFSA guidelines and in accordance with the US-FDA recommendations. The surrogates include different molecular weights and polarities to cover possible chemical classes of contaminants of concern and were demonstrated to be suitable to monitor the behaviour of plastic during recycling (EFSA, 2008). For the preparation of the contaminated PET flakes, conventionally recycled 7, green coloured postconsumer PET flakes were mixed with surrogates in air tight drums and stored for 7 days at 50 C. The contaminated PET flakes were hot caustic washed, rinsed and then air dried. The concentrations of surrogates in this material were determined. The three steps of the CPR Superclean PET technology, drying and extrusion (step 2), crystallisation (step 3) and SSP (step 4), were challenged using a commercial production line for the step 2 and a pilot plant for the steps 3 and 4. The contaminated green coloured flakes were mixed with uncontaminated flakes then processed in the drying drum reactor and extruded into pellets. The pellets were crystallised, fed into the SSP reactor and then analysed for their residual contamination. The Panel calculated the decontamination efficiency taking into account the amount of surrogates introduced in the system and the amount remaining after the challenge test. The Panel noted that none of the surrogates was detected after the SSP (step 4). However, to calculate the decontamination efficiencies the detection limits were used. The results are summarised in table 1. Table 1: Efficiency of the decontamination of the recycling process CPR Superclean PET Surrogates Amount of surrogates before step 2 (mg)** Amount of surrogates after step 4 (mg)* Decontamination Efficiency (%) Toluene <160 >99.0 % Chloroform <160 >98.9 % Chlorobenzene <160 >99.4 % Phenylcyclohexane <160 >99.5 % Methyl salicylate <160 >98.7 % Benzophenone <160 >99.4 % Methyl stearate <160 >99.5 % *Not detected at the limit of detection (0.1 mg/kg PET) ** The initial amount of green flakes is 55 kg As shown above, the decontamination efficiency calculated taking into account steps 2 to 4 is for all surrogates more than 98.7 %. 5. Discussion Considering the high temperatures used during the process, the possibility of contamination by microorganisms can be discounted. Therefore this evaluation focuses on the chemical safety of the final product. 7 Conventional recycling includes commonly sorting, grinding, washing and drying steps and produces washed and dried flakes. EFSA Journal 2013;11(10):3398 9

10 Technical data such as information on residual content of inert materials, PVC, polyolefins and physical properties are provided for the hot caustic washed and dried flakes (step 1), the input materials for the recycling process. The input materials are produced from PET containers, mainly bottles, previously used for food packaging collected through post-consumer collection systems. However, a small fraction of the input may originate from non-food applications such as soap bottles, mouth wash, kitchen hygiene bottles etc. According to the applicant, the fraction of non-food containers is reduced during material sorting to no more than 2 % and therefore below the 5 % as recommended by the CEF Panel in its Scientific Opinion on the criteria to be used for safety evaluation of a mechanical recycling process to produce recycled PET intended to be used for manufacture of materials and articles in contact with food (EFSA CEF Panel, 2011). The process is well described. The collected containers, mainly bottles, (step 1) are processed in house into hot caustic washed and dried flakes. The following steps are those of the CPR Superclean PET technology used to recycle the PET flakes into decontaminated PET pellets: drying and extrusion (step 2), crystallisation (step 3) and solid state polymerisation (step 4). The operating parameters of temperature, pressure, and residence time for the steps 2 to 4 have been provided to EFSA. A challenge test was conducted in the commercial production plant on the process steps 2 (drying drum and extrusion) and in a pilot plant for the steps 3 and 4 (crystallisation and solid state polymerisation respectively) to measure the decontamination efficiency. In the challenge test performed according to the recommendations in the EFSA Guidelines (EFSA, 2008) and the operating parameters (pressure, temperature and residence time) of these steps in the process are at least as severe as those obtained from the challenge test. A mixture of contaminated flakes (spiked with surrogates) and not contaminated flakes was used for this test. The mixture was dried, melted and then extruded into pellets containing both contaminated and not contaminated PET material. The Panel calculated the decontamination efficiency taking into account the total amount of surrogates in the washed and dried flakes and their residual amount after SSP reactor. The Panel considered that that the three steps, the decontamination in the drying drum and extruder (step 2), the crystallisation (step 3) and the decontamination in the SSP reactor (step 4) are the critical steps for the decontamination efficiency of the process. The operating parameters to control their performance are the temperature, the pressure and the residence time for the drying drum and extrusion (step 2), the crystallisation (step 3) and the SSP (step 4). Consequently these parameters should be controlled to guarantee the performance of the decontamination. The decontamination efficiencies obtained for each surrogate contaminant from the challenge test, all derived from detection limits and are higher than 98.7 %, have been used to calculate the residual concentrations of potential unknown contaminants in pellets (Cres) according to the evaluation procedure described in the Scientific Opinion on the criteria to be used for safety evaluation of a mechanical recycling process to produce recycled PET (EFSA CEF Panel, 2011; Annex B). By applying the decontamination efficiency percentage to the Reference Contamination level of 3 mg/kg PET, the Cres for the different surrogates is obtained (Table 2). According to the evaluation principles (EFSA CEF Panel, 2011), the Cres should not be higher than a modelled concentration in PET (Cmod) corresponding to a migration, after 1 year at 25 C, which cannot give rise to a dietary exposure exceeding μg/kg bw/day, the exposure threshold below which the risk to human health would be negligible 8. Because the recycled PET is intended for general use for the manufacturing of articles containing up to 100 % recycled PET, the most conservative default scenario for infants has been applied. Therefore, the migration of 0.1 μg/kg into food has been used to calculate Cmod (EFSA CEF Panel, 2011). The results of these calculations are shown in Table 2. The relationship between the key parameters for the evaluation scheme is reported in Annex B μg/kg bw/day is the human exposure threshold value for chemicals with structural alerts raising concern for potential genotoxicity, below which the risk to human health would be negligible (EFSA CEF Panel, 2011). EFSA Journal 2013;11(10):

11 Table 2: Decontamination efficiency from the challenge test, residual concentration of surrogate contaminants in recycled PET (Cres) and calculated concentration of surrogate contaminants in PET (Cmod) corresponding to a modelled migration of 0.1 µg/kg food after 1 year at 25 C (step 2 to step 4) Surrogates Decontamination efficiency (%) Cres (mg/kg PET) Cmod (mg/kg PET) Toluene >99.0 % < Chloroform >98.9 % < Chlorobenzene >99.4 % < Phenylcyclohexane >99.5 % < Methyl salicylate >98.7 % < Benzophenone >99.4 % < Methyl stearate >99.5 % < The residual concentrations of all surrogates in PET after the decontamination (Cres) are lower than the corresponding modelled concentrations in PET (Cmod). Therefore, the Panel considered the recycling process under evaluation is able to ensure that the level of migration of unknown contaminants from the recycled PET into food is below the conservatively modelled migration of 0.1 μg/kg food at which the risk to human health would be negligible. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS CONCLUSIONS The Panel considered that the process is well characterised and the main steps used to recycle the PET flakes into decontaminated PET pellets are identified. Having examined the challenge test provided, the Panel concluded that the three steps, the decontamination in the drying drum and extruder (step 2), the crystallisation (step 3) and the decontamination in the SSP reactor (step 4) are the critical steps for the decontamination efficiency of the process. The operating parameters to control their performance are the temperature, the pressure and the residence time for the drying drum and extrusion (step 2), the crystallisation (step 3) and the SSP (step 4). Therefore, the Panel considered that the recycling process CPR Superclean PET is able to reduce any foreseeable accidental contamination of the post-consumer food contact PET to a concentration that does not give rise to concern for a risk to human health if: i) it is operated under conditions that are at least as severe as those obtained from the challenge test used to measure the decontamination efficiency of the process and, ii) the input of the process is washed and dried post-consumer PET flakes originating from materials and articles that have been manufactured in accordance with the European legislation on food contact materials containing no more than 5 % of PET from non-food consumer applications. Therefore, the recycled PET obtained from the process CPR Superclean PET intended to be used at up to 100 % for the manufacture of materials and articles for contact with all types of foodstuffs for hotfill and/or long term storage at room temperature is not considered of safety concern. RECOMMENDATIONS The Panel recommends that it should be verified periodically, as part of the good manufacturing practice (GMP), that as foreseen in the Regulation (EC) No 282/2008, art. 4b, the input originates from materials and articles that have been manufactured in accordance with the European legislation on food contact materials and that the proportion of PET from non-food consumer applications is no more than 5 % in the input to be recycled. Critical steps should be monitored and kept under control; supporting documentation on how it is ensured that the critical steps are operated under conditions at EFSA Journal 2013;11(10):

12 least as severe as those obtained from the challenge test used to measure the decontamination efficiency of the process should be available. DOCUMENTATION PROVIDED TO EFSA 1. Dossier CPR Superclean PET. December Submitted by Extremadura Torrepet, S.L. 2. Additional data for Dossier CPR Superclean PET. June Submitted by Extremadura Torrepet, S.L. 3. Additional data for Dossier CPR Superclean PET. January Submitted by Extremadura Torrepet, S.L. 4. Additional data for Dossier CPR Superclean PET. June Submitted via by Extremadura Torrepet, S.L. REFERENCES EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), Guidelines on submission of a dossier for safety evaluation by the EFSA of a recycling process to produce recycled plastics intended to be used for manufacture of materials and articles in contact with food. The EFSA Journal 2008, 717, doi: /j.efsa EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes, Flavourings and Processing Aids (CEF), Scientific Opinion on the criteria to be used for safety evaluation of a mechanical recycling process to produce recycled PET intended to be used for manufacture of materials and articles in contact with food. EFSA Journal 2011;9(7):2184, 25 pp. doi: /j.efsa EFSA Journal 2013;11(10):

13 ANNEXES A. TECHNICAL DATA OF THE WASHED FLAKES AS PROVIDED BY THE APPLICANT Washed and dried flakes used for the CPR Superclean PET recycling process Parameter Value Size 12 mm Flake size < 1mm Max 0.5 % Flake size >12mm Max 3 % Bulk density Max kg m-3 Polyolefins (PE/PP) Max 75 ppm Other polymers Max 75 ppm PET contaminated with glue Max 200 ppm Poly(vinylchloride) (PVC) Max 50 ppm Opaque PET Max 800 ppm Metals Max 25 ppm Other contaminants Max 75 ppm EFSA Journal 2013;11(10):

14 B. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE KEY PARAMETERS FOR THE EVALUATION SCHEME (EFSA SCIENTIFIC PANEL ON FOOD CONTACTMATERIALS,ENZYMES,FLAVOURINGS AND PROCESSING AIDS (CEF), 2011) PLASTIC INPUT Assumption of reference contamination level 3 mg/kg PET RECYCLING PROCESS WITH DECONTAMINATION TECHNOLOGY Decontamination efficiency measured using a challenge test Eff (%) MIGRATION IN FOOD 0.1 µg/kg food* calculated by conservative migration modelling related to a maximum potential intake of µg/kg bw/day PLASTIC OUPUT Residual contamination in the recycled PET Cres = 3 (mg/kg PET) *(1- Eff %) PLASTIC IN CONTACT Cmod modelled residual contamination in the recycled PET Yes Cres < Cmod No No safety concern Further considerations *: Default scenario (Infant). For adults and toddlers, the migration criterion will be 0.75 and 0.15 µg/kg food respectively. EFSA Journal 2013;11(10):

15 ABBREVIATIONS CEF Food Contact Materials, Enzymes, Flavourings and Processing Aids Cmod Cres EC EFSA GMP PET PVC SSP US-FDA Modelled concentration in PET Residual concentrations in PET European Commission European Food Safety Authority Good manufacturing practice Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Poly(vinyl chloride) Solid state polymerisation United States Food and Drug Administration EFSA Journal 2013;11(10):