UNDERSTANDING YOUR WATER PROFILE PRESENTED BY POULTRY PARTNERS AND AHPD
|
|
- Rose Ross
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 UNDERSTANDING YOUR WATER PROFILE PRESENTED BY POULTRY PARTNERS AND AHPD
2 WHY DOES IT MATTER? Water intake for commercial poultry breeds is 1.5-2x greater than feed intake Commercial birds drink more now than they did years ago Depending on age, a birds body can contain between 60-85% water Eggs contain approx. 65% water Nutrition via the feed can be adjusted easily to better suit the nutrition found in the water
3 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION The chemical make-up of the water based on chemical and mineral content Dependent on location of water source Can change over time, routine monitoring is recommended
4 ph OF SAMPLE A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of the water ph > 7 is considered alkaline, ph < 7 is considered acidic ph measures the hydrogen ion concentration in the water Source:
5 ph OF SAMPLE Poultry prefer a ph between ph less than 6 begins to affect broiler performance due to palatability Low ph water may be corrosive to equipment over a prolonged period High ph water indicates the presence of calcium and magnesium and can negatively affect bird performance and clog water systems Source: North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service
6 ph OF SAMPLE Certain bacteria prefer an acidic environment while others prefer an alkaline environment Beneficial bacteria typically prefer an acidic environment Lactobacillus (beneficial bacteria) prefer a ph of
7 ph OF SAMPLE A recent study showed that gram negative bacteria (coliforms) had a 7% survival rate at a 6.9pH and a 66.1% survival rate at 8.3pH Coliform Survivability ph 6.9 ph 8.3 Source:
8 ph SUMMARY Target a ph of to maximize performance Birds will drink less when ph is less than 6 or higher than 7.5 In general, beneficial bacteria prefer a low ph environment (acidic) and a harmful bacteria prefer a high ph environment (alkaline)
9 TDS Total Dissolved Solids Total dissolved solids (TDS) comprise inorganic salts (mainly calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, bicarbonates, chlorides, and sulfates) and some small amounts of organic matter that are dissolved in water.
10 TDS Total Dissolved Solids TDS can be thought of as salinity Salinity = any inorganic substance dissolved in water Water consumption increases with salinity until a point where birds will no longer drink the water High TDS levels are the most commonly found contaminants in poultry drinking water Seawater typical has 35000PPM TDS, human drinking water has less than 500PPM TDS
11 Source: SMART Fertilizer Management TDS Total Dissolved Solids TDS is directly related to Electrical Conductivity Salt water conducts electricity better than distilled water
12 TDS Total Dissolved Solids ppm Very Good ppm Satisfactory, could cause wet dropping at upper limit ppm Poor, wet droppings, increased mortality may arise >5000ppm Unsatisfactory
13 TDS Water Softeners Good for removing magnesium, calcium and some iron Exchange sodium for other dissolved minerals Total TDS content does NOT change as sodium simply replaces the minerals that have been removed Need to closely monitor sodium levels in drinking water if using water softener Source:
14 TDS Reverse Osmosis Good for removing all minerals associated with TDS Uses high pressure and fine membranes to filter out the minerals Will significantly lower overall TDS content
15 Hardness A measurement of the divalent cations dissolved in the water Divalent cations: calcium, magnesium, manganese and iron Related to TDS but does NOT include sodium <100ppm considered soft >100ppm considered hard
16 Hardness Generally not a concern for poultry until levels approach 1500ppm Hard water will interfere with the effectiveness of soaps, disinfectants and some medications delivered via the water Acidic or neutral detergents work best in extremely hard water Hard water is associated with mineral scale build up (calcium + magnesium)
17 Hardness Mineral scale buildup can cause leaky nipples and create a rough surface for biofilms to attach to Recommend acidifying hard water to avoid mineral scale buildup Water softeners or reverse osmosis systems will both soften the water
18 Nitrates and Nitrites Nitrate is formed during decomposition of organic matter The presence of nitrate/nitrite usually indicates that the water has been contaminated by runoff containing fertilizer or animal wastes Nitrate = final product, Nitrite = intermediate product during decomposition
19 Nitrates and Nitrites Nitrate is NOT toxic to poultry Nitrite IS toxic to poultry Microorganisms in the avian digestive tract convert nitrate back to nitrite Nitrite eventually goes into the bloodstream where it binds hemoglobin and interferes with oxygen transport Long-term nitrate and/or nitrite toxicity results in poor growth, decreased feed consumption, and poor coordination Source: University of Kentucky
20 Nitrates and Nitrites Nitrate <10ppm considered satisfactory, higher amounts will start to show negative performance effects Only trace amounts of nitrite are acceptable in drinking water (<0.5ppm), even small amounts will show negative performance effects Older birds are more tolerable to nitrate/nitrite than younger birds
21 Nitrates and Nitrites Deeper wells have less chance of being contaminated by nitrate/nitrite Consider drilling a deep well away from areas will high concentrations of animal manure or fertilizer run-off Reverse osmosis or ion exchange filtration systems can also aid in removing nitrate/nitrite from your water
22 Sulfates Sulfate in water usually comes from naturally occurring sulfur minerals that are being dissolved into the groundwater Similar to other minerals, the presence of sulfates can lead to a build up of mineral scale in the water lines Presence of sulfate can give the water a bitter taste
23 Sulfates Elevated sulfate levels can have a laxative effect on birds Individual bird performance may not be hindered by moderate sulfate levels but there may be an increase in dirty eggs and wet litter which can trigger other problems Levels as low as 50ppm can have a laxative effect depending on the concentration of sodium and magnesium
24 Sulfates May be present as sodium sulfate or magnesium sulfate Magnesium sulfate generally has a more depressing effect on birds however the presence of either will increase water intake, increase mortality and decrease egg production with increasing concentration Analyze your water sample for sulfate along with corresponding values for sodium and magnesium Source:
25 Sulfates Sulfur-reducing/oxidizing bacteria use the sulfates in water as a source of food These bacteria can form a black slime in the waterlines or filtration system which leads to further complex biofilm growth Rotten egg smell in water may indicate the presence of these bacteria (H2S gas) Presence of sulfur reducing bacteria Source:
26 Sulfates Levels of ppm are considered acceptable 200ppm considered maximum acceptable level in conjunction with high magnesium or sodium High levels can be alleviated using ion exchange filtration systems (chloride) Retention tanks can be aerated to gas off sulfur Daily sanitation programs using an oxidizer will reduce the amount of sulfate and sulfur-reducing/oxidizing bacteria in the water Source: Dr. Susan Watkins
27 Alkalinity Describes the buffering capacity of the water (capacity of the water to neutralize acid) A sum of ALL of the carbonates present Not the same as ph Two samples may have the same initial ph but the sample with the higher alkalinity will require more acid to reduce the ph Acids will only start reducing the ph once all of the carbonate has been bound
28 Alkalinity Can give water a bitter taste and make it unpalatable to birds Acidification will reduce alkalinity Inorganic acids will be more effective at reducing the alkalinity than organic acids Levels up to 100ppm considered average Levels >300ppm considered maximum desirable level Source: Dr. Susan Watkins
29 Sodium Can be present as numerous salts (sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium bicarbonate etc.) Excess sodium can increase water intake, especially during times of heat stress Source: European Poultry Science
30 Sodium Can cause laxative effects in the presence of high chloride or sulfates leading to wet litter conditions Body weights and feed conversion can be negatively affected by high sodium concentrations High sodium can increase the proliferation of enterococci bacteria These effects can be reduced by adjusting the sodium content in the feed
31 Sodium ~32ppm sodium considered average Sodium >50ppm will cause negative effects if: Chloride is >14ppm Sulfates are >50ppm Reverse osmosis systems can reduce the sodium content in the water The use of daily sanitizers will reduce the likelihood of enterococci bacterial growth Source: Dr. Susan Watkins
32 Chloride Can cause laxative effects when combined with moderate levels of chloride or sulfates Levels as low as 14ppm can cause laxative effects when sodium or sulfate exceed 50ppm High levels can cause metabolic acidosis Metabolic acidosis can affect the birds ability to deposit calcium into the egg shell Source: Barn Health
33 Chloride Maximum desirable level: 250ppm Levels >500ppm will cause a laxative effect, reduced feed intake and increased water intake Chloride levels in the feed can be adjusted to suit the water profile Reverse osmosis systems can reduce the chloride content in the water Source: Nutreco Canada
34 Calcium Birds are very tolerant to high levels of calcium High levels are a greater concern to equipment than to birds Calcium >100ppm may cause a build up of mineral scale which can clog equipment and create a surface for biofilm growth A water softener or acidifying the water will reduce the likelihood that calcium will precipitate and form a mineral scale
35 Iron Can cause a red/brown colour in the water Creates a metallic taste to the water but birds are very tolerable of this taste and it does not affect water intake Iron posses a risk for bacteria growth, primarily E Coli and Pseudomonas Nipples may leak due to an iron deposit
36 Iron Levels below 0.3ppm are considered acceptable Mechanical filtration can remove iron from water Routine sanitation can prevent iron loving bacteria from proliferating
37 Copper Most likely source is from corroding pipes or fittings High levels can cause oral lesions or gizzard erosion Levels exceeding 0.6ppm can cause bad taste and odor May promote liver damage in long living birds Reverse osmosis or ion exchange filtration systems can remove excess copper
38 Magnesium Associated with high ph, hard water Forms Epsom salt with combined with sulfates Causes increased water intake and wet droppings when combined with high levels of sulfates Levels as low as 50ppm may cause a laxative effect in the presence of sulfates >125ppm considered maximum acceptable limit
39 MICROBIOLOGY All living components that are found in the water sample Can be obtained via a swab or free flow test If conducting a free flow test ensure the correct sample bottle is used and maintain a sterile technique The goal is 0 CFU/mL for all bacteria Poultry infections due to bacteria from the waterlines are usually secondary to other conditions (leaky gut)
40 MICROBIOLOGY Chemical water profile has a large impact on the micro profile of the water Mineral deposits create a rough surface for water born bacteria to attach to Source: Montana State University
41 MICROBIOLOGY Biofilms grow exponentially and as they grow they create a thick layer of film which cannot be penetrated by routine sanitizers Routine sanitizers will only eliminate the bacteria on the surface of the biofilm Source: Montana State University
42 MICROBIOLOGY As the biofilms grow they begin to disperse Once they disperse they can attach to rough surfaces or onto other existing biofilms Source: Montana State University
43 Removing Bacteria Routine sanitizers such as low level chlorine, low level peroxide or chlorine dioxide do an excellent job of keeping clean water sanitary These routine sanitizers do not work well against biofilms that are already established They cannot penetrate beyond the surface of the biofilm Source: Liquid Mineral Services
44 Removing Bacteria Peroxide treatment in between flocks will penetrate and loosen the biofilm Take extra caution to ensure that the waterlines are well vented when using peroxide Trigger all nipples during procedure
45 Removing Bacteria Reducing the ph to 4-5 using an acidifier in-between cycles will remove any mineral buildup in the water lines This reduces the odds of a biofilm being able to attach the walls of the waterlines or fittings by removing the rough mineral scale surface
46 Removing Bacteria Using a commercial disinfectant as a final step in your cleaning protocol will ensure that all remaining pathogenic microorganisms are eliminated Do not exceed manufacturers suggested concentrations Be cautious when using disinfectants containing aldehydes and ensure that the waterlines are well flushed prior to receiving birds
47 Removing Bacteria Once the lines have been cleaned and new birds are in the barn it is good practice to use a routine sanitizer The following are safe and effective concentrations in the drinking water: Chlorine: 2-3ppm Chlorine Dioxide ppm Peroxide 25-50ppm
48 Routine Water Sanitizers
Impact4e Starter Program. Ultimix4e Pig Starter Premixes. Shurlock Swine Grower Premixes. Excel 28L Grower Premix
To: All Shur-Gain Feed Dealer Outlets January 11, 2007 In 2007 research and technology transfer was the platform that transformed our entire swine products and programs offering. All of the improvements
More informationFACTORS AFFECTING WATER QUALITY
TECHNICAL PAPER WATER QUALITY PLANT HEALTH FACTORS Water quality is one of the most important factors affecting plant growth, as unwanted components in water can interfere with nutrient availability and
More informationIMPORTANCE OF WATER QUALITY TO CATTLE WATER CONSUMPTION
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada WATER QUALITY AND CATTLE October 2001 IMPORTANCE OF WATER QUALITY TO CATTLE Water is the nutrient required most by cattle. Water accounts
More informationGroundwater Quality Overview
Groundwater Quality Overview Kevin Masarik Center for Watershed Science and Education & Michelle Dale Bayfield County Health Department Through the University of Wisconsin-Extension, all Wisconsin people
More informationL.I.R. INFORMATION. Water Quality MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA FOCUS
L.I.R. INFORMATION Water Quality MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA FOCUS Aviagen provides customers with detailed Product Performance Specifications and Management Manuals as the basis for managing their flocks.
More informationPlant Nutrients in Mineral Soils
The Supply and Availability of Plant Nutrients in Mineral Soils Plant Nutrients in Mineral Soils Factors Controlling the Growth of Higher Plants 1. Light 2. Mechanical Support. Heat. Air 5. Water 6. Nutrients
More informationWater Analysis Interpretation for Livestock
Revised April 2007 Agdex 400/716-2 Water Analysis Interpretation f Livestock Water consists of two simple compounds: two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom bonded together (H 2 O). It is the most essential
More informationSelected Water Quality Topics Related to Larval Shrimp Culture
Selected Water Quality Topics Related to Larval Shrimp Culture Claude E. Boyd Professor Emeritus School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences Auburn University, Alabama 36849 USA Chlorination
More informationby Al Korzonas Author of Homebrewing - Volume I
Water by Al Korzonas Author of Homebrewing - Volume I www.brewinfo.com * these are the viewgraphs and notes from the talk I did at the 2003 American Homebrewers Conference in Chicago * the majority of
More informationSoil Fertility and Nutrient Management. Hailin Zhang. Department of Plant and Soil Sciences
Soil Fertility and Nutrient Management Hailin Zhang Department of Plant and Soil Sciences C H O P N K 16 ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS Ca S Mg B Cl Cu Fe Mn Mo B NON-MINERAL NUTRIENTS Carbon (C) Hydrogen (H) Oxygen
More informationFilterSorb SP3 Texture of Water: Part III
FilterSorb SP3 Texture of Water: Part III By Deepak Chopra Watch Water GmbH Fahrlachstraße 14 68165 Mannheim Germany June 2013 Web: www.watchwater.de email: info@watchwater.de Telefon: +49 (0) 621 87951-0
More informationUnderstanding your results Acidity... 3 Aluminium... 3 Base saturation... 3 Boron... 4 Bulk density... 4 Calcium... 4 Cations...
Understanding your results Acidity... 3 Aluminium.... 3 Base saturation... 3 Boron... 4 Bulk density... 4 Calcium... 4 Cations... 4 CEC - Cation Exchange Capacity... 4 Copper... 5 Conductivity... 6 Deficiencies...
More informationSalts and Chlorides Remediation
Salts and Chlorides Remediation The remediation of salts and chlorides is not a process of consumption but rather a process of binding, buffering, immobilization, detoxification, filtering, or conversion
More informationSOILS AND PLANT NUTRITION
SOILS AND PLANT NUTRITION WHAT IS SOIL? Soil is the medium in which plants grow - the basis for plant growth. I can t get any respect. People treat me like dirt! Four Major Components of Soil Sand Silt
More informationUnderstanding a Soil Report
Understanding a Soil Report AGRONOMY SOIL ANALYSIS 1. Soil ph Soil ph is a measure of the acidity in the soil. An acidic soil has a greater amount of hydrogen (H+) ions and a ph below 7.0. Values above
More informationEssential Elements. Original research don by Julius von Sachs 1860 using hydroponics
Essential Elements Original research don by Julius von Sachs 1860 using hydroponics Using various solutions found ones that supported plant life Sachs found several elements that were needed in relatively
More informationWhat Can We Do About Water Quality?
17 What Can We Do About Water Quality? David K. Beede 1 Department of Animal Science The Michigan State University Take Home Messages Abundant, high quality drinking water is the most important essential
More informationInterpretation of Soil Tests for Environmental Considerations
Interpretation of Soil Tests for Environmental Considerations Ray Ward Ward Laboratories, Inc Kearney, NE www.wardlab.com Guiding Producers Today to Feed the World Tomorrow www.wardlab.com Saline County
More informationPB1617-Irrigation Water Quality for Greenhouse Production
University of Tennessee, Knoxville Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Commercial Horticulture UT Extension Publications 2-1999 PB1617-Irrigation Water Quality for Greenhouse Production The
More informationMark Petersen & Jen Muscha. Livestock & Range Research Laboratory
Mark Petersen & Jen Muscha USDA ARS Fort USDA-ARS F t Keogh K h Livestock & Range Research Laboratory OUTLINE Background t quality lit W Water Winter water temperature important? How much does water quality
More informationTABLE OF CONTENTS. Introduction...5 What the Wrong Kind of Water...5 Benefits of Alkaline Water...8
TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction...5 What the Wrong Kind of Water...5 Benefits of Alkaline Water...8 10 Reasons to Drink Alkaline Ionized Every Day...10 #1 Hydration...11 #2 Detoxification (Cleansing)...13
More informationMost effective way to get rid of your Body built up Organic Wastes* By harnessing the Power of Water...
Most effective way to get rid of your Body built up Organic Wastes* By harnessing the Power of Water... Anti oxidant, Alkaline, Water This Is the Answer to Health, Longevity and Reverse Aging we have been
More informationUnderstanding ph management and plant nutrition Part 3: Fertilizers
Understanding ph management and plant nutrition Part 3: Fertilizers Bill Argo, Ph.D. Blackmore Company, Tel: 800-874-8660, Intl 734-483-8661, E-mail: bargo@blackmoreco.com Originally printed in 2003 in
More informationAvoid contaminated water and prevent growth of biofilm
MINIMIZE THE RISK IN YOUR DENTAL UNIT WATER LINE Avoid contaminated water and prevent growth of biofilm BacTerminator Dental The chemical-free solution to keep the water in your Dental Unit safe TAKE NO
More informationReef Care Program - FAQ
Reef Care Program - FAQ I have a biologically mature aquarium, how do I start implementing the Reef Care Program? Can I use NO 3 :PO 4 -X in freshwater systems? How long will it take before I see a result
More informationDushanthi S. Ariyamuni. Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science
Evaluation of ph Levels or High Content of Calcium, Magnesium and Sulphate in Drinking Water on Production Performance, Egg Quality, Bone Quality and Mineral Retention of Laying Hens By Dushanthi S. Ariyamuni
More informationDiscuss the importance of healthy soils Soil properties, physical, chemical and biological that one can manage for soil health How organics play a
Andrew Ristvey The University of Maryland Extension programs are open to any person and will not discriminate against anyone because of race, age, sex, color, sexual orientation, physical or mental disability,
More informationAnalysis. Methods of. of Soils, Plants, Waters, Fertilisers & Organic Manures. Edited by HLS Tandon
Methods of Analysis of Soils, Plants, Waters, Fertilisers & Organic Manures Edited by HLS Tandon Fertiliser Development and Consultation Organisation 204204A Bhanot Corner, 12 Pamposh Enclave New Delhi
More informationMicrobial nutrition. Nutrients. Elements of Microbial Nutrition, Ecology and Growth. Chapter 7
Elements of Microbial Nutrition, Ecology and Growth Chapter 7 Microbial nutrition Macronutrients required in large quantities; play principal roles in cell structure & metabolism proteins, carbohydrates
More informationSoils and Soil Fertility Management
Soils and Soil Fertility Management Mark L. McFarland Professor and Soil Fertility Specialist Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service College Station, Texas Four Principal Components of Soil Air Mineral Solid
More informationENVE 424 Anaerobic Treatment
ENVE 424 Anaerobic Treatment Lecture 6 Toxic substances in anaerobic treatment 2012 2013 Fall 01 Nov 2012 Assist. Prof. A. Evren Tugtas Basic Fundamentals Inhibition Competitive Inhibition Uncompetitive
More information0620 CHEMISTRY. 0620/23 Paper 2 (Core Theory), maximum raw mark 80
CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2014 series 0620 CHEMISTRY 0620/23 Paper 2 (Core Theory), maximum raw mark 80
More informationThe Water Talk. VIBE August 2017
The Water Talk VIBE August 2017 TL; DR Water is critical at all stages of beer production When in doubt: use reverse osmosis water for Brewing Making cleaners Making sanitizers A Story Circa 2011, Andy
More informationProduct Information Dairy
Product Information Dairy February 2010 alcaline cleaning description main ingredients calgonit R flüssig Concentrated caustic detergent, non Caustic, stabilizers foaming. Canbecombinedwithactive chlorine.
More informationTotal Kjeldahl Nitrogen Colorimetric Testing for Discrete and Segmented Flow Analyzers. NEMC 2017 Sarah Leibenguth Technical Support Chemist
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen Colorimetric Testing for Discrete and Segmented Flow Analyzers NEMC 2017 Sarah Leibenguth Technical Support Chemist Topics for Discussion Method Principle Digestion Protocol Temperature
More informationBACTERIAL GROWTH. FYBSc.
BACTERIAL GROWTH FYBSc. Bacterial growth Binary fission Generation time Phases of growth 4-2 Binary fission 1. Prokaryote cells grow by increasing in cell number (as opposed to increasing in size). 2.
More informationNorthern New York Agricultural Development Program 2015 Project Report
Northern New York Agricultural Development Program 2015 Project Report Do High Mineral Concentrations in Water Affect Feed Digestibility, Cow Health and Performance on Northern New York Dairy Farms? Project
More informationTHE DEVELOPMENT OF WATER QUALITY STANDARDS FOR POULTRY PRODUCTION IN SOUTHERN AFRICA CHAPTER 6 Summary, Application and Recommendations
Chapter 6 Summary, Application and Recommendations As discussed in the Introduction to this thesis, the disparities and constraints of existing water quality guidelines for poultry production called for
More informationNutrients & Diagnosing Nutrient Needs. Carrie Laboski Dept. of Soil Science UW-Madison
Nutrients & Diagnosing Nutrient Needs Carrie Laboski Dept. of Soil Science UW-Madison Sources of nutrients available for plant uptake Nutrients in the soil solution are: In ionic form At low concentration
More informationSoil Composition. Air
Soil Composition Air Soil Included Air Approximately 40 to 60% of the volume of a soil is actually empty space between the solid particles (voids). These voids are filled with air and/or water. The air
More informationChallenges with Chelated &/or Complexed Minerals (Chelated and Soluble Methods of Analysis Used in FL)
Challenges with Chelated &/or Complexed Minerals (Chelated and Soluble Methods of Analysis Used in FL) Patty Lucas AAPFCO Laboratory Services Committee Meeting Friday, August 7, 2015 Fertilizer Sample
More informationARE YOU MISSING MINERAL FROM YOUR DRINKING WATER???
Model No: LSRO-575-G RO Technology ARE YOU MISSING MINERAL FROM YOUR DRINKING WATER??? SIX STAGES MINERAL RO WATER PURIFICATION SYSTEM designed for ensuring perfect mineral and increase ph label in your
More informationPURE BRAZIL BRAND PRODUCTS
PURE BRAZIL BRAND PRODUCTS WHAT ARE THE PURE BRAZIL BRAND PRODUCTS? PURE BRAZIL BRAND Essential Micronutrients contains eight micronutrient elements essential to plant growth and health. Five (calcium,
More informationLIFE SUPPORT FOR AQUARIUMS!
1 LIFE SUPPORT FOR AQUARIUMS! 2 3 ReeFlowers have been producing aquarium additives and conditioners since 2009. We have a robust research and development programme and have created a range of over 80
More informationCPT David J. Licciardello, DVM Veterinary Advisor
CPT David J. Licciardello, DVM Veterinary Advisor Carbohydrates Fats (Fatty Acids) Minerals Proteins (Amino Acids) Vitamins Water Referred to as Fiber Made up of the forage portion of a diet In a complete
More informationSoil Testing and Interpretation
Introduction Soil testing, interpretation of the test results, and incorporating prescriptive remedies to improve soils should be a fundamental part of any reclamation or revegetation project. Without
More informationNutrient level (EC) in a pot is like a bank
Dirt, Fert and Squirt (1) Supplying Essential Nutrients What are the most common nutritional problems? Too much fertilizer Not enough fertilizer Paul Fisher pfisher@ufl.edu 1 ph too high ph too low 2 Nutrient
More informationBOTANY AND PLANT GROWTH Lesson 9: PLANT NUTRITION. MACRONUTRIENTS Found in air and water carbon C oxygen hydrogen
BOTANY AND PLANT GROWTH Lesson 9: PLANT NUTRITION Segment One Nutrient Listing Plants need 17 elements for normal growth. Carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen are found in air and water. Nitrogen, phosphorus,
More informationBUILDING HEALTHY SOILS AND PLANTS. Summary
BUILDING HEALTHY SOILS AND PLANTS Summary All essential nutrients are needed to produce one plant cell. Productivity of soil is limited by the least available nutrient. Measurement of Soil Cation Exchange
More informationPHOSPHATE TECHNOLOGY REGULATORY COMPLIANCE AWWARF RESEARCH AWWARF RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE OPTIMIZED CORROSION CONTROL EPA LEAD & COPPER RULE
PHOSPHATE TECHNOLOGY Regulatory Compliance, Infrastructure Protection, Customer Satisfaction OPTIMIZED CORROSION CONTROL REGULATORY COMPLIANCE Herb Spencer, Director Technical Services SHANNON CHEMICAL
More informationTrouw Nutrition Canada - Laboratory. List of analyses Laboratory
Trouw Nutrition Canada - Laboratory List of analyses Laboratory 8175 rue Duplessis St-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2R 1S5 (450) 796-2555 (450) 796-5702 (Fax) GENERAL Aluminum Amino acids profile Ash Astaxanthin
More informationINTERMEDIATE 1 1 Food and Diet. These elements are present in compounds - not as free elements.
INTERMEDIATE 1 1 Food and Diet FOOD AND DIET The main elements present in the human body are: Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Carbon These elements are present in compounds - not as free elements. Unlike plants,
More informationRole of Microorganisms in Wastewater Treatment
Role of Microorganisms in Wastewater Treatment The stabilization of organic matter is accomplished biologically using a variety of microorganisms Carbonaceous organic matter Gases + cell tissue Colloidal
More informationCapillary Action and Blood Components. Biology 20 Unit D: Body Systems Circulation
Capillary Action and Blood Components Biology 20 Unit D: Body Systems Circulation 1 Remember. Capillaries are so small that blood cells can only pass through single file Important because they are the
More informationInterpreting Soils Report. Beyond N P K
Interpreting Soils Report Beyond N P K What we will cover We will not discuss Macro Nutrients Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium. We will touch on Secondary Nutrients Magnesium, Calcium and Sulfur. We
More informationInstruction Manual Updated 8/27/2013 Ver. 1.1
Water Analysis Kit Part No. 144-95 Instruction Manual Updated 8/27/2013 Ver. 1.1 OFI Testing Equipment, Inc. 11302 Steeplecrest Dr. Houston, Texas 77065 U.S.A. Tele: 832.320.7300 Fax: 713.880.9886 www.ofite.com
More informationAssessment of Water Quality and Nutrition for Dairy Cattle
Assessment of Water Quality and Nutrition for Dairy Cattle David K. Beede, Ph.D. Department of Animal Science Michigan State Univeristy, East Lansing 48824 Summary 1. Water is the most important essential
More informationUnit C: Poultry Management. Lesson 1: Nutrients for Maintenance, Growth and Reproduction
Unit C: Poultry Management Lesson 1: Nutrients for Maintenance, Growth and Reproduction 1 1 Carbohydrates Fats Minerals Nutrients Proteins Vitamins Water Terms 2 2 I. Nutrients are the chemical substances
More informationHardness by EDTA Titration
SOP AMBL-104-A Page 1 of 5 Standard Operating Procedure AMBL-104-A Prepared: 7/2/2017 Revised: Prepared by: Terry E. Baxter Reviewed by: Hardness by EDTA Titration METHOD SUMMARY This SOP describes the
More informationWater Quality and Treatments
Water Quality and Treatments Image credit: subbotina / 123RF.com While many challenges in greenhouse production are beyond our control, poor water quality should not be one of them. By John M. Dole Growing
More informationUnderstanding and Utilizing Feed Tags for Effective. Mineral Supplementation
Understanding and Utilizing Feed Tags for Effective Mineral Supplementation Feed tags on mineral supplements, unlike other types of commercial feeds, can be very useful in evaluating the relative value
More informationThe Best Water to Drink, and the Types That Should Be Avoided
The Best Water to Drink, and the Types That Should Be Avoided BodyEcology Water: It makes up almost 75 percent of your body and is absolutely necessary for life. You probably know you should drink 8 to
More informationMANAGING THE DAIRY COW DURING THE DRY PERIOD
Department of Animal Science MANAGING THE DAIRY COW DURING THE DRY PERIOD Dairy Cattle Production 342-450A Page 1 of 11 Background The dry period is a critical period for the health, production and reproduction
More informationRecommended Resources: The following resources may be useful in teaching
Unit C: Poultry Management Lesson 1: Nutrients for Maintenance, Growth and Reproduction Student Learning Objectives: Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following objectives:
More informationNORKOOL DESITHERM Desiccant
NORKOOL DESITHERM Desiccant Introducing a New Premium Desiccant Designed to Fight Corrosion 2 Looking for a high-performance triethylene glycol (TEG) for a natural gas dehydration system? Search no further.
More informationDRINKING WATER. Dose: 100 ppm Dose: 200 ppm (history of problems during reception)
BREEDERS & GRAND PARENTS CITREX is a 100% organic antimicrobial with bactericidal, virucidal and fungicidal properties which leaves no residues on eggs and meat. It can be mixed with chlorine, antibiotics,
More informationSummary and Conclusion
Summary and Conclusion Milk and milk products are consumed daily by Indian citizens. This type of food is easily perishable and support growth of foodborne pathogens keeping this view in mind the investigation
More informationFERTIGATION 24 FERTIGATION WITH DRIPPERS
24 WITH DRIPPERS A completely different approach is required when fertigation is applied through drippers. This approach also offers numerous other possibilities. The volume of soil treated has a dominant
More informationConcentrate Appearance: colourless liquid * at 20 C miscible with water in any proportion Density: g/cm 3 *
P3-oxonia active Description: Product strengths: Properties Liquid, acidic disinfectant based on hydrogen peroxide/ peracetic acid for the food industry particularly effective against all types of microorganisms,
More informationFIT TECHNICAL DATA. Summary of Research Studies and Production Trials
FIT TECHNICAL DATA Summary of Research Studies and Production Trials Fit Efficacy vs. Bacteria Pathogens Bacteria Pathogen Staphylococcus Aureus (ATCC 8) Listeria Monocytogenes (ATCC 9) Escherichia Coli
More informationCornell Waste Management Institute
Cornell Waste Management Institute Department of Crop and Soil Sciences Rice Hall Ithaca, NY 14853 Cornell University (607) 255-1187 E-mail: cwmi@cornell.edu http://cwmi.css.cornell.edu COMPOST QUALITY
More informationLECTURE 10. PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY
LECTURE 10. PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY The increasing demand for fresh and quality packaged food, consumer convenience and manufacturers concern for longer shelf life of the food products is driving the market
More informationWastewater Treatment: Reducing Salts Generated During Treatment to Promote Water Re-Use. By: David Calnan Cherokee Chemical Inc, (CCI)
Wastewater Treatment: Reducing Salts Generated During Treatment to Promote Water Re-Use By: David Calnan Cherokee Chemical Inc, (CCI) Objective Cost-effective effluent recovery utilizing chemical pre-treatment
More informationTYPE: ORGANIC NUTRIENTS CODE: BF4 - GRANULE (JAIVIZYME)
TYPE: ORGANIC NUTRIENTS CODE: BF4 GRANULE (JAIVIZYME) AVAILABLE: BULK, PRIVATE LABEL & BRANDS Composition Ingredient % Potassium Humate 5.00% w/w Min. Carrier Granules 95.00% w/w Max. Advantages Mode of
More informationBiosolids Test Description Method Number Test Code Acid Hydrolyzable Phosphate SM P E-99 AHPHOS Acidity as CaCO3 SM-2310 B (4a)-97 ACID
Biosolids Acid Hydrolyzable Phosphate SM-20 4500-P E-99 AHPHOS Acidity as CaCO3 SM-2310 B (4a)-97 ACID Alkalinity as CO3 SM-2320 B-97 CO3 B.O.D. (5-day) SM-5210 B-01 BOD Bromide SM-4110B-00 BR IC Cadmium
More informationAquamimicry (2.0) Shrimp Farming Protocol
Aquamimicry (2.0) Shrimp Farming Protocol Fermented Rice Bran and Aquamimicry Fermented Soya (AFSy 2.0) CONDITIONS: Intensive Culture with High Aeration Pond Size : One Hectare (HA) Stocking density :
More informationFoundations in Microbiology Seventh Edition
Lecture PowerPoint to accompany Foundations in Microbiology Seventh Edition Talaro Chapter 7 Elements of Microbial Nutrition, Ecology, and Growth Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required
More informationAppendix D: Aerobic and Anaerobic Leaching Tests
Appendix D: Aerobic and Anaerobic Leaching Tests This appendix contains the entire data set for the aerobic and anaerobic testing. Testing was performed for the potential components of the final media
More informationFertilization Programming
Fertilization Plant Composition Water composes 90% of plant weight (fresh weight) Dry weight is composed of 17 essential elements: Non-fertilizer elements: Carbon (C) -- 41% of dry weight (DW) Hydrogen
More informationCalcium in laying birds. - By Dr.Praveen Sharma
Calcium in laying birds - By Dr.Praveen Sharma In Nature Immature Pullet -------- 1.15 gms/day Rooster -------- 0.74 gms/day On set of Lay -------- 2.60 gms/day Eggs contains 10-12% shell Average shell
More informationStockpiling and strategic supplementation
Stockpiling and strategic supplementation Jaime Elizondo Stockpiled forages 1 To harvest efficiently multiple breaks are needed Very high densities and 4 moves a day 2 High harvest efficiency and good
More informationAquamimicry (Bio) Shrimp Farming Protocol
Aquamimicry (Bio) Shrimp Farming Protocol Fermented Rice Bran and Fermented Soya Intensive Culture with High Aeration CONDITIONS: Pond Size : One Hectare (HA) Stocking density : 30 100 pcs per sqm Salinity
More informationDOMOGRAN 45 ACTIVATING YOUR NUTRIENT POTENTIAL THE NITROGEN-SULFUR FERTILIZER FROM LEUNA
DOMOGRAN 45 ACTIVATING YOUR NUTRIENT POTENTIAL THE NITROGEN-SULFUR FERTILIZER FROM LEUNA www.domogran.de DOMOGRAN 45 nitrogen and sulfur fertilizer for positive nutrient dynamics Because of its attraction
More informationDIGITAL HOT COLD WARM RO WATER PURIFIER
DIGITAL HOT COLD WARM RO WATER PURIFIER Feature: Built-In Reverse Osmosis System Water Resistance Arch designed drainage net keep water from splashing while filling LED Hot water temperature display Two-phase
More informationTEST NAME:Cells and Health TEST ID: GRADE:08 - Eighth Grade SUBJECT:Life and Physical Sciences TEST CATEGORY: School Assessment
TEST NAME:Cells and Health TEST ID:1326431 GRADE:08 - Eighth Grade SUBJECT:Life and Physical Sciences TEST CATEGORY: School Assessment Cells and Health Page 1 of 15 Student: Class: Date: 1. Which best
More informationPhysical Properties of Milk
Physical Properties of Milk The colour of the milk ranges from a bluish white to a golden yellow or yellowish white. The white colour of the milk is due to the reflection of light by the dispersed fat
More informationPOULTRY NUTRITION BRETT KREIFELS NEBRASKA EXTENSION DOUGLAS-SARPY COUNTIES
POULTRY NUTRITION BRETT KREIFELS NEBRASKA EXTENSION DOUGLAS-SARPY COUNTIES FEEDING CHICKENS Properly feeding your chickens is one of the most important things you can do. Proper nutrition will ensure that
More informationFood Safety Summary for Food for Learning. Prepared by: Joanna Mestre, BScHE Health Promoter, Environmental Health
Food Safety Summary for Food for Learning Prepared by: Joanna Mestre, BScHE Health Promoter, Environmental Health Introduction Food safety is about preventing food borne illness. Some people are more vulnerable
More informationLesson 3 Understanding Nutrients and Their Importance
Unit B Understanding Animal Body Systems Lesson 3 Understanding Nutrients and Their Importance 1 Terms Balanced ration Carbohydrates Complex carbohydrates Disaccharides Essential nutrients Ether Fat Fat-soluble
More informationOn Farm Hygiene & Bio-security. Dr. Stephen Graham
On Farm Hygiene & Bio-security Dr. Stephen Graham Introduction What is Bio-security? A pro-active approach to reduce the risk of disease entering a farm, site or being spread further afield Disease challenges
More informationCHELATES THE MAJOR CLASSES OF CHELATES ARE: Aminopolycarboxylic Acids *NTA. Hydroxycarboxylic Acids. *Citric Acid *Gluconic Acids *Glucoheptonic Acid
Chelate is derived from the word chela, which is the claw of a crab, lobster, scorpion, etc. In our case the metallic ions such as calcium, magnesium, iron, etc. are bound by the claw and kept from reacting
More informationEconovaPlus Fertiliser
EconovaPlus Fertiliser The complete plant growth fertiliser, bio-stimulater & carbon control solution. A bio-fertiliser based on the need for organic mineral complexes in the soil. Manufactured by building
More informationWelcome. Greg Patterson C.C.A. President A&L Canada Laboratories
Welcome Greg Patterson C.C.A. President A&L Canada Laboratories Discussion Soil test levels Dropping P,K Organic matter levels dropping Cost of Fertilizer Increasing due to Global Demand Environmental
More informationThe professionals choice.
The professionals choice. Soft water worth its weight in money. EN 973 type A EN 14805 type 1 Codex Alimentarius NF standard AXAL Pro Salt Tablets The many benefits of soft water Soft water is not only
More informationIn USA, NASA have chosen to use it for astronauts food in space, and even plan to grow and harvest it in space stations in the near future.
What is Spirulina? Spirulina is 100% natural and a highly nutritious micro salt water plant. It was discovered in South American and Africa in natural alkaline lakes. This spiral shaped algae is a rich
More informationPHOTOSYNTHESIS (7.5A)
PHOTOSYNTHESISS (7.5A) 1) What kind of energy is necessary to initiate the process of photosynthesis? A. radiant B. heat C. electrical D. wind 2) What happens to the radiant energy absorbed by plants during
More informationTrace Elements in Manure
Trace Elements in Manure Purpose: Whenever soil profiles are examined for nutrient trace elements, it has been demonstrated that the metals tend to accumulate in the topsoil. Soil properties affect plant
More informationMicrobial Enhanced Fish Fertilizer Supplement with Vitamins and Nutrients for Plant Health
Microbial Enhanced Fish Fertilizer Supplement with Vitamins and Nutrients for Plant Health INTRODUCTION: MicrobeBio Hydro Activator naturally occurring beneficial organisms, 100% organic proteins, and
More informationCleaning and Disinfection of Environmental Surfaces
This article is intended to provide managers and workers in health and community care organizations with information about the types of disinfectants available for use and how they can augment facility
More informationImportance of Water Quality: ph, buffering, and effects on nutrient availability
Importance of Water Quality: ph, buffering, and effects on nutrient availability Andrew G. Ristvey The University of Maryland Extension programs are open to any person and will not discriminate against
More information