Environmental Literacy Project Michigan State University. Lesson 2.3: Materials Plants Are Made Of

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1 Environmental Literacy Project Michigan State University Lesson 2.3: Materials Plants Are Made Of

2 Benchmark Scale Power of Ten Large Scale: Farm field Decimal Style Large scale Larger Larger 100,000 10,000 1,000 Macroscopic meter Microscopic Starch Glucose Atomicmolecular Smaller Smaller Scale: Scale: Scale: meters meters = = = = = meters

3 What are plants made of? Nutrition Facts Serving Size 100 grams (100 grams) Amount Per Serving Calories 254 Calories from Fat 146 Total Fat 16g 25% Saturated Fat 6g 31% Trans Fat 1g Cholesterol 90mg 30% Sodium 67mg 3% Total Carbohydrate 0g 0% Dietary Fiber 0g 0% Sugars 0g Protein 25g Vitamin A Calcium % Daily Value* 0% Vitamin C 0% 2% Iron 14% *Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. Your daily values may be higher or lower depending on your calorie needs. We can find out what materials plants made of by reading nutrition labels for plant foods. We will use labels with a serving size of 100 g. This means that 1 g = 1% of the materials in the food

4 What are plants made of? CARBOHYDRATES fiber glucose starch What atoms are carbohydrates made of?

5 An Example of a Plant Root: Carrots Total carbohydrate = starch + sugar + fiber (such as cellulose) How much starch is in 100 grams of carrots?

6 What are plants made of? FATS What atoms are fats made of? 1 glycerol 3 fatty acids Fat molecule

7 Fat in Peanuts (Plant Seeds) How much fat is in 100 grams of peanuts?

8 What are plants made of? Two of the Amino Acids PROTEIN What atoms are proteins made of?

9 Protein in Carrots How much protein is in 100 grams of carrots?

10 Organic Molecules in Plants CARBOHYDRATES: GLUCOSE FATS PROTEINS STARCH What atoms are organic molecules in plants made of?

11 Minerals in Plants Plants also contain minerals that are used for plant functions. These minerals have different kinds of atoms, including: Nitrogen Phosphorous Calcium Sodium

12 Other Molecules in Plants Vitamins, minerals, and cholesterol make up less than 1% of plants (less than 1 gram out of 100 grams).

13 Water in Plants Besides organic materials or biomass (fats, proteins, and carbohydrates) plants are made up mostly of water. About how much water is in 100 grams of carrots?

14 How Much Water Is in Carrots? Organic materials in carrots Protein: 1% (1 g out of 100 g) Carbohydrates: 10% Fat: 0% Cholesterol and vitamins: less than 1% Inorganic materials in carrots Minerals (sodium, iron): less than 1% What s left? WATER: about 89%

15 Chemical Energy in a Plant Root: Carrots Organic molecules in plants have chemical energy in their highenergy bonds (C-C and C- H). Calories measure how much usable energy is stored in the organic molecules of a plant.

16 Plant Growth: The Movement Question Where are atoms moving from? Carbon dioxide in the air enters plants through their leaves Water in the soil enters plants through their roots Minerals enter plants dissolved in water through their roots

17 Plant Growth: The Carbon and Energy Carbon: Where do the atoms that make up carbohydrates, fats, and proteins come from? Carbon Oxygen Hydrogen Nitrogen Questions Energy: Where does the chemical energy in the high-energy (C-C and C-H) bonds of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins come from?

18 Plant Growth: The Carbon and Energy Carbon: What materials do the atoms that make up carbohydrates, fats, and proteins come from? Carbon: from CO 2 to glucose made in photosynthesis Oxygen: from CO 2 to glucose made in photosynthesis Hydrogen: from H 2 O to glucose made in photosynthesis Nitrogen: from soil minerals Questions Energy: Where does the chemical energy in the highenergy (C-C and C-H) bonds of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins come from? From light to C-C and C-H bonds in glucose made in photosynthesis

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