Hompes Method Lesson 29 Organic Acids Part One
|
|
- Jeremy Patrick
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Hompes Method Lesson 29 Organic Acids Part One Health for the People Ltd not for reuse without expressed permission
2 Organic Acids - Introduction The ultimate tool for laboratory evaluations in nutritional medicine is a simple, sensitive test that can reveal evidence of functional inadequacy of specific nutrients. The promise of such a tool is found in profiling of organic acids in urine.
3 Organic Acids - Introduction Unlike minerals, amino acids and fatty acids, the category of compounds called organic acids contains no essential nutrients. Instead of tests that measure nutrient concentrations, abnormal concentrations of organic acids in urine provide functional markers for the metabolic effects of vitamin inadequacies, toxic exposure, neuroendocrine activity, and intestinal bacterial overgrowth.
4 Organic Acids - Introduction The term organic acid refers to a broad class of compounds used in fundamental metabolic processes of the body. If you want the technical jargon, read the Metametrix Lab Evaluations book (hardback or the PDF that appears to be publicly available in your resources section).
5 Organic Acids - Introduction All bodily functions are powered by the release of chemical energy. Each day, the energy content of the food for an average person could raise the temperature of about seven gallons of water to the boiling point. The energy is released through a process of controlled oxidation where chemical bonds are broken and energy is released.
6 Organic Acids - Introduction Fats, carbohydrates, and amino acids are converted into carboxylic acids before they flow on to the final conversion to carbon dioxide The organic acids that are formed as intermediates in this process are normally absent from urine or present at very low concentrations.
7 Organic Acids - Introduction When specific reactions are blocked due to the absence of sufficient enzyme or cofactor, the intermediates that precede the blocked step accumulate and spill into urine. Vitamin B 6 A B C Urine
8 Organic Acids - Introduction Overt nutrient deficiencies are one reason for metabolic inefficiency. Variations in enzyme structure that lead to decreased cofactor binding are another major cause of nutrient deficiencies. Individuals with faulty enzyme binding can have increased nutrient needs that will not be revealed by measures of vitamin concentrations in blood.
9 Organic Acids - Introduction Metabolism is the process in which your body converts the food you eat into energy and new structures. The study of human metabolism has revealed how vitamins and minerals are used to perform those hundreds of necessary chemical reactions. Metametrix Organix Interpretive Guide
10 Organic Acids - Introduction Many of the weaknesses can be overcome by increasing your intake of a vitamin or other essential nutrient. Some of the measurements show nerve or detoxification functions. The final set of compounds shows disturbances in the balance of bacteria that may grow from food residues in your digestive system. Metametrix Organix Interpretive Guide
11 Organic Acids - Introduction By correcting problems shown in your Organix test results, your doctor is improving your body s ability to heal and stay healthy. This approach has been shown to improve treatments for conditions ranging from childhood autism to adult chronic fatigue syndrome. Metametrix Organix Interpretive Guide
12 Organic Acids - Introduction It also can help people reduce their risk of heart disease, obesity, fatigue, or many other conditions. When your main imbalances are corrected, you may be able to make simple diet changes to achieve the balance that lets you sustain health as you age. Metametrix Organix Interpretive Guide
13 Organic Acids - Introduction 46 Specific markers in these categories: Fatty acid oxidation Carbohydrate metabolism Energy production (citric acid cycle) B-complex vitamin markers Neurotransmitter metabolism Oxidative damage and antioxidant markers Detoxification indicators Dysbiosis markers
14 Organic Acids - Introduction We can t possibly cover all the sections in a single lesson there s a lot of incredibly helpful and clinically relevant information to get through and I need to teach you some of the main metabolic pathways so you understand the imbalances!
15 Organic Acids - Introduction Because we re going to focus heavily on cellular energy production for a couple of lessons, I d like to begin by sharing an analogy I use with clients that helps them better understand how the body makes energy.
16 Everything Depends on Energy Chronically unwell patients & clients often have problems with energy production at the cellular level. If energy is not being produced optimally at the cellular level, tissue, organ and systemic health is simply not possible.
17 Everything Depends on Energy Body Systems Organs Tissues Cells energy production required here Organelles energy production required here Molecules Atoms Sub-atomic Mathematical probability
18 Energy and the Car Analogy 1. In order for a car to move, it first has to have petrol in the petrol tank. 2. The petrol comes from the pump, via the hose. 3. Once in the tank, the petrol has to be injected into the engine (fuel injection). 4. The engine has to the right components to burn the fuel and create the energy needed for the car to move. 5. To switch the whole process on, the key needs to fit in the ignition and be turned.
19 Energy and the Car Analogy 1. The food on your plate is the fuel in the pump and the hose is your digestive system. 2. The fuel is stored in your body within the cells as fatty acids, amino acids and glucose. 3. It has to be transported / injected into the mitochondria (cellular engines). 4. The mitochondria have to have the right components to burn the fuels (nutrients). 5. None of this works without the keys in the cellular ignition, which happen to be hormones.
20 Energy and the Car Analogy The energy production process can be compromised or blocked at any stage: Poor food choices and digestion (fuel pump) Cant get fuel into stores (circulatory problems, insulin resistance) Can t inject fuels into mitochondria (nutrient deficiencies, oxidative stress) Mitochondria can t burn fuels (nutrient deficiencies) Ignition doesn t switch on (low hormones e.g. thyroid)
21 Energy Production Pathways This Lesson THREE main stages: Stage I Oxidation of main fuels (cytoplasm). Stage II Citric Acid Cycle in mitochondria. Next Lesson Stage III Electron transport chains ad final ATP production.
22 Stage I Fat and Carb Metabolism
23 Fatty Acid Oxidation Fatty acid metabolism by mitochondrial β-oxidation (beta-oxidation) is a critically important energyyielding pathway in most tissues. Carnitine is required as a carrier for the transport of fatty acids from the cytosol into the mitochondria for betaoxidation. This is the dominant pathway used to derive energy from fat in most cells.
24 Fatty Acid Oxidation When carnitine is inadequate to keep up with demand, the degradation of fatty acids takes place through an alternate, less efficient pathway known as Ω-oxidation (omega oxidation). Adipate and suberate are products of incomplete oxidation in the omega-oxidation pathway and indicate a functional carnitine deficiency.
25 Fatty Acid Oxidation Ethylmalonate, which comes from the breakdown of butyrate from intestinal bacteria, also has a carnitine-dependent pathway and can accumulate with an insufficient amount of carnitine.
26 Fatty Acid Oxidation Fatty acids go into the mitochondria via a carnitinedependent shuttle to be metabolised. If there is not enough carnitine, the fatty acids cannot get into the mitochondria. Instead they get metabolised by the peroxisomes outside the mitochondria. The byproducts are adipate, suberate and ethylmalonate.
27 Fatty Acid Oxidation The biochemical relationship between these two nutrients can explain this effect. Carnitine is required to allow fatty acids to enter into mitochondria, but fatty acids cannot undergo oxidative metabolism without riboflavin coenzymes.
28 Fatty Acid Oxidation The use of aspirin can change the interpretation of results for the three marker compounds because salicylic acid is an inhibitor of fatty acid β-oxidation and may lead to elevated markers.
29 Fatty Acid Oxidation Sample Report In the report below you can see how adipate and ethylmalonate are both elevated.
30 Fatty Acid Oxidation - Intervention The body can make carnitine from L-lysine, it s often low in vegetarians and people who have digestive issues. Supplementation of carnitine and B 2 is indicated when any of the three are elevated.
31 Carbohydrate Metabolism
32 Carbohydrate Metabolism Carbohydrate metabolism has to go through a complex set of reactions known as glycolysis BEFORE we get to the end products pyruvate or lactate. This series of reactions is known as glycolysis.
33 Carbohydrate Metabolism Abnormalities of urinary excretion of pyruvate and lactate provide useful insight to basic metabolic factors due to their position in the energy production process. Pyruvate is the anaerobic breakdown product of glucose. Its further conversion to acetyl- CoA requires the pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex.
34 Carbohydrate Metabolism Pyruvate enters the Krebs cycle (next lesson) via a dehydrogenase enzyme that requires, B 1 (thiamin), B 2 (riboflavin), B 3 (niacin), B 5 (pantothenic acid), and lipoic acid to function correctly. If these nutrients are not available then pyruvate may become elevated in the urine.
35 Carbohydrate Metabolism Lactate, also known as lactic acid, is a principal product of glucose oxidation in skeletal muscle. Lactate accumulates when there is a block in the final oxidative stage of energy production in the Krebs cycle. Coenzyme Q10 supplementation is effective when lactate is elevated and energy production is interrupted.
36 Carbohydrate Metabolism Lactate builds up when the Krebs cycle is not working efficiently (toxicity, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, nutrient deficiency) or when capacity for oxidative phosphorylation is exceeded (e.g. exercise). * Krebs cycle is the same as citric acid cycle.
37 Carbohydrate Metabolism β-hydroxybutyrate is a primary ketone body. It builds up in urine when someone is on a low carbohydrate diet or fasting. It is a textbook ketone body feature of metabolic acidosis due to failure of glucose utilization as with diabetes.
38 Carbohydrate Metabolism Individuals with normal blood glucose response to insulin do not produce high concentrations of ketone bodies because their production of energy from glucose is well controlled. Elevations of β- hydroxybutyrate in an overnight urine collection may indicate inefficient utilization or mobilization of glucose.
39 Carbohydrate Metabolism Ketone body production increases in diabetes because the oxidation of free fatty acids is stimulated, and excess acetyl-coa is converted to the four-carbon acids, β-hydroxybutyrate. It will also build up in someone with impaired insulin function.
40 Carbohydrate Metabolism
41 Carbohydrate Metabolism Chromium and vanadium have been shown to help regulate insulin functions and may be helpful. The major function of chromium and vanadium is to help insulin act on your cells to regulate blood sugar. Excessive fatigue on exertion is the most common symptom associated with ketosis.
42 Carb Metabolism Sample Report
43 Carbohydrate Metabolism Supplementation with B-complex, lipoic acid, CoQ10 may help with high pyruvate and lactate, respectively; or Chromium/vanadium for high β- hydroxybutyrate.
44 Organic Acids - Summary Organic acids are produced by normal metabolic processes. The accumulation of organic acids in the urine indicates blockages that are often attributable to the presence of toxins or nutrient deficiencies. Several areas of metabolism are investigated in the Organix profile (46 different markers). Fatty acid and carbohydrate metabolism can be effectively analysed by determining suberate, adipate, ethylmalonate, pyruvate, lactate and β-hydroxybutyrate.
45 Thank You! Thanks a million for tuning in. I appreciate your time and I appreciate you choosing me as one of your teachers. In the next lesson we ll look at how the Organic Acids profiles can assist in the next step of cellular energy production the Krebs Cycle.
Hompes Method Lesson 29 Organic Acids Part Three
Hompes Method Lesson 29 Organic Acids Part Three Health for the People Ltd not for reuse without expressed permission Organic Acids - Review Fats, carbohydrates, and amino acids are converted into carboxylic
More informationTransfer of food energy to chemical energy. Includes anabolic and catabolic reactions. The cell is the metabolic processing center
Metabolism There are a lot of diagrams here. DO NOT, I repeat, DO NOT get overly anxious or excited about them. We will go through them again slowly!! Read the slides, read the book, DO NOT TAKE NOTES.
More informationCellular Respiration Notes. Biology - Mrs. Kaye
Cellular Respiration Notes Biology - Mrs. Kaye Energy Transfer In cellular respiration, chemical energy is converted into usable energy which is converted into heat energy. ATP and ADP ATP acts as an energy
More informationHow Did Energy-Releasing Pathways Evolve? (cont d.)
How Did Energy-Releasing Pathways Evolve? (cont d.) 7.1 How Do Cells Access the Chemical Energy in Sugars? In order to use the energy stored in sugars, cells must first transfer it to ATP The energy transfer
More informationChapter 7- Metabolism: Transformations and Interactions Thomson - Wadsworth
Chapter 7- Metabolism: Transformations and Interactions 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth Simple Overview of Energy Metabolism The sum of all chemical reactions that go on in living cells Introduction Energy Heat-
More informationChemistry 1120 Exam 4 Study Guide
Chemistry 1120 Exam 4 Study Guide Chapter 12 12.1 Identify and differentiate between macronutrients (lipids, amino acids and saccharides) and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals). Master Tutor Section
More informationBiol 219 Lec 7 Fall 2016
Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Energy to form ATP Cellular Respiration and Metabolism Glucose ATP Pyruvate Lactate Acetyl CoA NAD + Introducing The Players primary substrate for cellular respiration
More informationMetabolism. Chapter 5. Catabolism Drives Anabolism 8/29/11. Complete Catabolism of Glucose
8/29/11 Metabolism Chapter 5 All of the reactions in the body that require energy transfer. Can be divided into: Cell Respiration and Metabolism Anabolism: requires the input of energy to synthesize large
More informationIntroduction. Living is work. To perform their many tasks, cells must bring in energy from outside sources.
Introduction Living is work. To perform their many tasks, cells must bring in energy from outside sources. In most ecosystems, energy enters as sunlight. Light energy trapped in organic molecules is available
More informationCellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP
Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP 2006-2007 What s the point? The point is to make ATP! ATP 2006-2007 Harvesting stored energy Energy is stored in organic molecules carbohydrates, fats,
More informationCh. 9 Cell Respiration. Title: Oct 15 3:24 PM (1 of 53)
Ch. 9 Cell Respiration Title: Oct 15 3:24 PM (1 of 53) Essential question: How do cells use stored chemical energy in organic molecules and to generate ATP? Title: Oct 15 3:28 PM (2 of 53) Title: Oct 19
More informationCHAPTER 7 10/16/2012. How cells release Chemical Energy
CHAPTER 7 10/16/2012 How cells release Chemical Energy 1 7.1 OVERVIEW OF CARBOHYDRATE BREAKDOWN PATHWAYS Organisms stay alive by taking in energy. Plants and all other photosynthetic autotrophs get energy
More informationStructure of the Mitochondrion. Cell Respiration. Cellular Respiration. Catabolic Pathways. Photosynthesis vs. Cell Respiration ATP 10/14/2014
Structure of the Mitochondrion Cellular Respiration Chapter 9 Pgs. 163 183 Enclosed by a double membrane Outer membrane is smooth Inner, or cristae, membrane is folded - this divides the mitochondrion
More informationCellular Respiration and Fermentation
LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
More informationName Class Date. 1. Cellular respiration is the process by which the of "food"
Name Class Date Cell Respiration Introduction Cellular respiration is the process by which the chemical energy of "food" molecules is released and partially captured in the form of ATP. Carbohydrates,
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Which of the following statements concerning anabolic reactions is FALSE? A. They are generally endergonic. B. They usually require ATP. C. They are part of metabolism. D.
More information3.7.1 Define cell respiration [Cell respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic compounds in cells to form ATP]
3.7 Cell respiration ( Chapter 9 in Campbell's book) 3.7.1 Define cell respiration [Cell respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic compounds in cells to form ATP] Organic compounds store
More informationChapter 9 Notes. Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
Chapter 9 Notes Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Objectives Distinguish between fermentation and anaerobic respiration. Name the three stages of cellular respiration and state the region of the cell
More informationLipid Metabolism. Remember fats?? Triacylglycerols - major form of energy storage in animals
Remember fats?? Triacylglycerols - major form of energy storage in animals Your energy reserves: ~0.5% carbs (glycogen + glucose) ~15% protein (muscle, last resort) ~85% fat Why use fat for energy? 1 gram
More information7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS URRY CAIN WASSERMAN MINORSKY REECE 7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Lecture Presentations by Kathleen Fitzpatrick and Nicole Tunbridge, Simon Fraser University SECOND EDITION
More informationChapter 9. Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Energy flows into an ecosystem as sunlight and leaves as heat Photosynthesis generates O 2 and organic molecules, which are used in cellular respiration
More informationThe molecule that serves as the major source of readily available body fuel is: a. fat. b. glucose. c. acetyl CoA. d. cellulose.
The molecule that serves as the major source of readily available body fuel is: a. fat. b. glucose. c. acetyl CoA. d. cellulose. Dietary fats are important because: a. they keep blood pressure normal.
More informationa tidal wave of chronic illness
Using organic acids to resolve chief complaints and improve quality of life in chronically ill patients Part IV Jeffrey Moss, DDS, CNS, DACBN jeffmoss@mossnutrition.com 413-530-08580858 (cell) 1 Summer
More informationCellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy CHAPTER 9
Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy CHAPTER 9 9.1 Metabolic pathways that release energy are exergonic and considered catabolic pathways. Fermentation: partial degradation of sugars that occurs
More informationConcept 9.1: Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels Several processes are central to cellular respiration and related pathways
Overview: Life Is Work Living cells require energy from outside sources Some animals, such as the chimpanzee, obtain energy by eating plants, and some animals feed on other organisms that eat plants Energy
More informationCellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen In biology and chemistry, energy is referred to
More informationWhat s the point? The point is to make ATP! ATP
ATP Chapter 8 What s the point? The point is to make ATP! ATP Flows into an ecosystem as sunlight and leaves as heat Energy is stored in organic compounds Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins Heterotrophs eat
More informationChapter 7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation*
Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation* *Lecture notes are to be used as a study guide only and do not represent the comprehensive information you will need to know for the exams. Life Is Work
More informationUsing the Organic Acids Test Part 3 Dr. Jeff Moss
Using organic acids to resolve chief complaints and improve quality of life in chronically ill patients Part III Jeffrey Moss, DDS, CNS, DACBN jeffmoss@mossnutrition.com 413-530-08580858 (cell) 1 Summer
More informationCellular Respiration Checkup Quiz. 1. Of the following products, which is produced by both anaerobic respiration and aerobic respiration in humans?
1. Of the following products, which is produced by both anaerobic respiration and aerobic respiration in humans? I. Pyruvate II. III. ATP Lactate A. I only B. I and II only C. I, II and III D. II and III
More informationg) Cellular Respiration Higher Human Biology
g) Cellular Respiration Higher Human Biology What can you remember about respiration? 1. What is respiration? 2. What are the raw materials? 3. What are the products? 4. Where does it occur? 5. Why does
More informationCHY2026: General Biochemistry UNIT 7& 8: CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM
CHY2026: General Biochemistry UNIT 7& 8: CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM Metabolism Bioenergetics is the transfer and utilization of energy in biological systems The direction and extent to which a chemical reaction
More informationHarvesting energy: photosynthesis & cellular respiration
Harvesting energy: photosynthesis & cellular respiration Learning Objectives Know the relationship between photosynthesis & cellular respiration Know the formulae of the chemical reactions for photosynthesis
More informationLESSON 2.2 WORKBOOK. Metabolism: Glucose is the middleman for ATP
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS Homeostasis The tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium that is maintained by physiological processes. For a complete list of defined terms, see the Glossary. LESSON 2.2 WORKBOOK
More informationHow Cells Release Chemical Energy. Chapter 7
How Cells Release Chemical Energy Chapter 7 7.1 Overview of Carbohydrate Breakdown Pathways All organisms (including photoautotrophs) convert chemical energy of organic compounds to chemical energy of
More informationAnaerobic Fermentation
Anaerobic Fermentation BTEC 101 Bacterial Metabolism Metabolism represents the sum of chemical changes that converts nutrients, the raw materials necessary to nourish living organisms, into energy and
More informationHigher Biology. Unit 2: Metabolism and Survival Topic 2: Respiration. Page 1 of 25
Higher Biology Unit 2: Metabolism and Survival Topic 2: Respiration Page 1 of 25 Sub Topic: Respiration I can state that: All living cells carry out respiration. ATP is the energy currency of the cell
More informationCellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP
Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP 2009-2010 Ch.8.3 Section Objectives: Compare and contrast cellular respiration and fermentation. Explain how cells obtain energy from cellular respiration.
More informationLecture 5: Cell Metabolism. Biology 219 Dr. Adam Ross
Lecture 5: Cell Metabolism Biology 219 Dr. Adam Ross Cellular Respiration Set of reactions that take place during the conversion of nutrients into ATP Intricate regulatory relationship between several
More informationATP. Principles of Energy Harvest. Chapter 9~ The point is to make ATP! Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy. What s the point?
Chapter 9~ Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy What s the point? The point is to make! 2006-2007 Principles of Energy Harvest Catabolic pathway Fermentation Cellular Respiration C6H126 + 62
More informationHow Cells Harvest Chemical Energy
How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy Chapter 6 Introduction: How Is a Marathoner Different from a Sprinter? Individuals inherit various percentages of the two main types of muscle fibers, slow and fast The
More informationEnergy is stored in the form of ATP!! ADP after ATP is broken down
Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration is the process in which plants and animals convert FOOD into ENERGY (ATP!) in their cells. This occurs in the Mitochondria! Energy is stored in the form of ATP!!
More informationThese factors should be taken into consideration when addressing fatigue or low energy because each factor will be approached slightly differently.
1 2 These factors should be taken into consideration when addressing fatigue or low energy because each factor will be approached slightly differently. 3 4 First we must understand the systems of the body
More informationCellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration Chemical Equation 6 O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6 6 H 2 O + 6 CO 2 + Page 107 Adenosine Triphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate Background Aerobic= requires oxygen Anaerobic= does not require oxygen
More informationCellular Respiration. Release of Energy From Food (glucose)!
Cellular Respiration Release of Energy From Food (glucose)! Energy needs of life Animals are energy consumers What do we need energy for? synthesis (building for growth) reproduction active transport movement
More informationEnergy Transformation: Cellular Respiration Outline 1. Sources of cellular ATP 2. Turning chemical energy of covalent bonds between C-C into energy
Energy Transformation: Cellular Respiration Outline 1. Sources of cellular ATP 2. Turning chemical energy of covalent bonds between C-C into energy for cellular work (ATP) 3. Importance of electrons and
More informationA cell has enough ATP to last for about three seconds.
Energy Transformation: Cellular Respiration Outline 1. Energy and carbon sources in living cells 2. Sources of cellular ATP 3. Turning chemical energy of covalent bonds between C-C into energy for cellular
More information2/4/17. Cellular Metabolism. Metabolism. Cellular Metabolism. Consists of all of the chemical reactions that take place in a cell.
Metabolism Cellular Metabolism Consists of all of the chemical reactions that take place in a cell. Can be reactions that break things down. (Catabolism) Or reactions that build things up. (Anabolism)
More informationLiving organisms obtain energy by breaking down organic molecules during cellular respiration.
Section 3: Living organisms obtain energy by breaking down organic molecules during cellular respiration. K What I Know W What I Want to Find Out L What I Learned Essential Questions What are the stages
More informationChapter 9 Cellular Respiration
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration Biology and Society: Marathoners versus Sprinters Sprinters do not usually compete at short and long distances. Natural differences in the muscles of these athletes favor
More informationCellular Respiration and Fermentation
Cellular Respiration and Fermentation How do plants and animals obtain the glucose they need? Plants: Animals: Cellular Respiration the process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen
More informationBIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH.9 - RESPIRATION.
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: REDOX REACTIONS Redox reaction a chemical reaction that involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another Oxidation loss of electrons Reduction gain of electrons
More informationChapter 9 Cellular Respiration Overview: Life Is Work Living cells require energy from outside sources
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration Overview: Life Is Work Living cells require energy from outside sources Some animals, such as the giant panda, obtain energy by eating plants, and some animals feed on other
More informationObjectives By the end of lecture the student should:
Objectives By the end of lecture the student should: Discuss β oxidation of fatty acids. Illustrate α oxidation of fatty acids. Understand ω oxidation of fatty acids. List sources and fates of active acetate.
More informationCellular Metabolism. Biol 105 Lecture 6 Read Chapter 3 (pages 63 69)
Cellular Metabolism Biol 105 Lecture 6 Read Chapter 3 (pages 63 69) Metabolism Consists of all of the chemical reactions that take place in a cell Metabolism Animation Breaking Down Glucose For Energy
More informationCellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy. Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy. Cellular Pathways In General
Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy A. Obtaining Energy and Electrons from Glucose Lecture Series 12 Cellular Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy B. An Overview: Releasing Energy from Glucose
More informationEnergy Production In A Cell (Chapter 25 Metabolism)
Energy Production In A Cell (Chapter 25 Metabolism) Large food molecules contain a lot of potential energy in the form of chemical bonds but it requires a lot of work to liberate the energy. Cells need
More informationCellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy You should be able to: 1. Explain how redox reactions are involved in energy exchanges. Name and describe the three stages of cellular respiration;
More informationBiochemistry: A Short Course
Tymoczko Berg Stryer Biochemistry: A Short Course Second Edition CHAPTER 27 Fatty Acid Degradation Dietary Lipid (Triacylglycerol) Metabolism - In the small intestine, fat particles are coated with bile
More informationChapter 6 Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy from Food
Chapter 6 Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy from Food PowerPoint Lectures for Campbell Essential Biology, Fifth Edition, and Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology, Fourth Edition Eric J. Simon,
More informationCh 9: Cellular Respiration
Ch 9: Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration An overview Exergonic reactions and catabolic pathway Energy stored in bonds of food molecules is transferred to ATP Cellular respiration provides the energy
More informationCell Respiration - 1
Cell Respiration - 1 All cells must do work to stay alive and maintain their cellular environment. The energy needed for cell work comes from the bonds of ATP. Cells obtain their ATP by oxidizing organic
More informationWHY DO WE NEED TO BE ABLE TO RESPIRE?
WHY DO WE NEED TO BE ABLE TO RESIRE? To produce energy AT. We need energy to eat, breathe, move, stay warm etc. THE THREE MAIN ROCESSES IN RESIRATION 1. Glycolysis The first step in respiration 2. Krebs
More informationChapter 9: Cellular Respiration
Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration To perform their many tasks, living cells require energy from outside sources. Energy stored in food utimately comes from the sun. Photosynthesis makes the raw materials
More information9.1 Chemical Pathways ATP
9.1 Chemical Pathways ATP 2009-2010 Objectives Explain cellular respiration. Describe what happens during glycolysis. Describe what happens during fermentation. Where do we get energy? Energy is stored
More informationCellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP
Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP 2006-2007 What s the point? The point is to make ATP! ATP 2006-2007 Harvesting stored energy Energy is stored in organic molecules carbohydrates, fats,
More informationEnergy Systems. PSK 4U Mr. S. Kelly North Grenville DHS
Energy Systems PSK 4U Mr. S. Kelly North Grenville DHS Review I hope Three key energy nutrients we get in our food: Carbohydrates: 4.1cal/g Protein: 4.3 cal/g Fats: 9.3 cal/g All three are used in various
More informationRespiration. Respiration. How Cells Harvest Energy. Chapter 7
How Cells Harvest Energy Chapter 7 Respiration Organisms can be classified based on how they obtain energy: autotrophs: are able to produce their own organic molecules through photosynthesis heterotrophs:
More informationHow Cells Harvest Chemical Energy
How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy Global Athlete Outreach Program US CytoThesis Systems Medicine Center www.cytothesis.us US OncoTherapy Systems BioMedicine Group CytoThesis Bioengineering Research Group
More informationRESPIRATION Worksheet
A.P. Bio L.C. RESPIRATION Worksheet 1. In the conversion of glucose and oxygen to carbon dioxide and water a) which molecule becomes reduced? b) which molecule becomes oxidized? c) what happens to the
More informationBackground knowledge
Background knowledge This is the required background knowledge: State three uses of energy in living things Give an example of an energy conversion in a living organism State that fats and oils contain
More informationCellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with
More informationHarvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration
Lesson 5 Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration Introduction to Life Processes - SCI 102 1 How Cells Obtain Energy Cells require a constant flow of energy Most cellular energy is stored
More informationCellular Respiration Guided Notes
Respiration After you hear word 'respiration', you may now think about breathing. During breathing, the is entered with each inhale and is released with each exhale. You may have noticed that breathing
More informationCellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration 1. To perform cell work, cells require energy. a. A cell does three main kinds of work: i. Mechanical work, such as the beating of cilia, contraction of muscle cells, and movement
More informationCellular Metabolism 9/24/2013. Metabolism. Cellular Metabolism. Consists of all the chemical reactions that take place in a cell!
Cellular Metabolism Biology 105 Lecture 6 Chapter 3 (pages 56-61) Metabolism Consists of all the chemical reactions that take place in a cell! Cellular Metabolism Aerobic cellular respiration requires
More informationChapter 9. Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy Living cells require energy from outside sources Energy flows into an ecosystem as sunlight and leaves as heat Photosynthesis generates O 2 and
More information2: Describe glycolysis in general terms, including the molecules that exist at its start and end and some intermediates
1 Life 20 - Glycolysis Raven & Johnson Chapter 9 (parts) Objectives 1: Know the location of glycolysis in a eukaryotic cell 2: Describe glycolysis in general terms, including the molecules that exist at
More informationChemical Energy. Valencia College
9 Pathways that Harvest Chemical Energy Valencia College 9 Pathways that Harvest Chemical Energy Chapter objectives: How Does Glucose Oxidation Release Chemical Energy? What Are the Aerobic Pathways of
More informationChapter 6 Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy from Food Biology and Society: Marathoners versus Sprinters
Chapter 6 Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy from Food Biology and Society: Marathoners versus Sprinters Sprinters do not usually compete at short and long distances. Natural differences in the muscles
More informationClass XI Chapter 14 Respiration in Plants Biology. 1. It is a biochemical process. 1. It is a physiochemical process.
Question 1: Differentiate between (a) Respiration and Combustion (b) Glycolysis and Krebs cycle (c) Aerobic respiration and Fermentation (a) Respiration and combustion Respiration Combustion 1. It is a
More informationCellular Metabolism. Biology 105 Lecture 6 Chapter 3 (pages 56-61)
Cellular Metabolism Biology 105 Lecture 6 Chapter 3 (pages 56-61) Metabolism Consists of all the chemical reactions that take place in a cell! Cellular Metabolism Aerobic cellular respiration requires
More informationCellular Respiration- -conversion of stored energy in glucose to usable energy for the cell -energy in cells is stored in the form of ATP
Cellular Respiration Notes Chapter 7 How Cells Make ATP Energy Releasing Pathways Cellular Respiration- -conversion of stored energy in glucose to usable energy for the cell -energy in cells is stored
More informationCHY2026: General Biochemistry. Lipid Metabolism
CHY2026: General Biochemistry Lipid Metabolism Lipid Digestion Lipid Metabolism Fats (triglycerides) are high metabolic energy molecules Fats yield 9.3 kcal of energy (carbohydrates and proteins 4.1 kcal)
More informationCellular Respiration. Unit 5: Plants, Photosynthesis, and Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration Unit 5: Plants, Photosynthesis, and Cellular Respiration Overview! Organisms obtain energy (ATP) by breaking down (catabolic pathway, exergonic reaction) organic molecules (glucose)
More informationBiochemistry 7/11/ Bio-Energetics & ATP. 5.1) ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration OVERVIEW OF ENERGY AND METABOLISM
Biochemistry 5. Bio-Energetics & ATP 5.1) ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration Prof. Dr. Klaus Heese OVERVIEW OF ENERGY AND METABOLISM 1. The food we eat, (carbohydrates/ glucose /sugar, lipids/fat, proteins),
More informationEnzymes and Metabolism
PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Vince Austin, University of Kentucky Enzymes and Metabolism Human Anatomy & Physiology, Sixth Edition Elaine N. Marieb 1 Protein Macromolecules composed of combinations
More information0091 Organix Comprehensive Profile - Urine
Accession #: Order #: Reference #: Patient: Date of Birth: Age: Sex: Date Collected: Date Received: Telephone: Fax: Organix Interpretation Organix Interpretive Guide is downloadable at: www.metametrix.com/files/test-menu/interpretive-guides/organix-ig.pdf
More informationChapter 6 Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy from Food
Chapter 6 Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy from Food PowerPoint Lectures for Campbell Essential Biology, Fifth Edition, and Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology, Fourth Edition Eric J. Simon,
More informationPatient Guide. Comprehensive Metabolic Profile Basic plus FA Profile Basic Metabolic Profile. Laboratory Evaluations by
Patient Guide Comprehensive Metabolic Profile Basic plus FA Profile Basic Metabolic Profile Laboratory Evaluations by Introduction The systems of the body work together, not in isolation, so it is often
More informationCellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with
More informationQuestion 1: Differentiate between (a) Respiration and Combustion (b) Glycolysis and Krebs cycle (c) Aerobic respiration and Fermentation (a) Respiration and combustion Respiration Combustion 1. It is a
More informationPhysiology Unit 1 METABOLISM OF LIPIDS AND PROTEINS
Physiology Unit 1 METABOLISM OF LIPIDS AND PROTEINS Alternate Fuel Sources When glucose levels are low Proteins and Triglycerides will be metabolized Tissues will use different fuel sources depending on:
More information10/25/2010 CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION. Life is Work. Types of cellular respiration. Catabolic pathways = oxidizing fuels
CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION Life is Work Living cells require transfusions of energy from outside sources to perform their many tasks: Chemical work Transport work Mechanical work Energy stored in the
More informationChapter 10. Cellular Respiration Pearson Education Ltd
Chapter 10 Cellular Respiration Life Is Work a) Living cells require energy from outside sources b) Some animals, such as the giraffe, obtain energy by eating plants, and some animals feed on other organisms
More informationOVERVIEW OF ENERGY AND METABOLISM
Biochemistry 5. Bio-Energetics & ATP 5.1) ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration OVERVIEW OF ENERGY AND METABOLISM 1. The food we eat, (carbohydrates/ glucose /sugar, lipids/fat, proteins), are our only source
More informationPrinciples of Anatomy and Physiology
Principles of Anatomy and Physiology 14 th Edition CHAPTER 25 Metabolism and Nutrition Metabolic Reactions Metabolism refers to all of the chemical reactions taking place in the body. Reactions that break
More informationLIPID METABOLISM. Sri Widia A Jusman Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology FMUI
LIPID METABOLISM Sri Widia A Jusman Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology FMUI Lipid metabolism is concerned mainly with fatty acids cholesterol Source of fatty acids from dietary fat de novo
More informationBiology 2201 Unit 1 Matter & Energy for Life
Biology 2201 Unit 1 Matter & Energy for Life 3.3 Cellular Respiration 3.4 The Carbon Cycle What is cellular respiration? Cellular respiration all of the chemical reactions needed to break down (metabolize)
More informationCellular Respiration. Objectives
Lecture 07 Objectives At the end of this series of lectures, you should be able to: Define terms. Compare the processes and locations of cellular respiration and photosynthesis. Explain how breathing and
More information