Identification and determination of carrageenan in mixtures of konjac powder and carrageenan by an Alcian Blue staining method

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Alannah Daniels
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1 31 * * ** * * Identification and determination of carrageenan in mixtures of konjac powder and carrageenan by an Alcian Blue staining method Mayumi MATSUI*, Shintaro YOSHIMURA*, Mitsuha SHOJI**, Tomoko IWASAKI* and Minoru SUZUKI* *Yokohama Customs Laboratory , Shin-urashima-cho, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan **Present address: Yokohama Customs 1-1, Kaigandori, Naka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan In the tariff classification of konjac preparations, separate taxation is applied when konjac powder is separated by simple processes such as sieve analysis. When not separated, the konjac property as a whole is considered for the classification. The separation of konjac powder is confirmed by observing each sieve fraction with a polarizing microscope. However, in the case of mixtures of carrageenan and konjac powder, it is difficult to discriminate between the two based on their polarization properties. Therefore, in this study, we used a staining method with Alcian Blue dye, which has affinity for the sulfate group of carrageenan, for the microscopic identification of carrageenan in a mixture of carrageenan and konjac powder. As a result, the optimum condition of the Alcian Blue staining reagent for the microscopic observation was the concentration of 0.05% (w/v), in 50% ethanol, at ph 0.2 (adjusted by HCl). Furthermore, our colorimetric analysis with Alcian Blue dye was sufficient for the quantitative determination of the carrageenan in mixtures of carrageenan and konjac powder A B C A A B B C C A A B B C C C C * **

2 32 A A A B B B GX BX50 OLYMPUS DP20 Agilent8453 Agilent 1mm 10mm 45mm 1mm Agilent H-3R MX-301 Agilent 1200 Series Agilent FP % v/v ph ml 8GX 0.01 g No.5B 3,000 rpm % w/v ph % v/v 8GX g 0.02 g 0.02 % 0.10 % ph % v/v 50 % v/v 70 % v/v % 0.8 % 1.0 % 1) ~ 2) 1.2 % 8GX 0.30 g g 50 ml 2.1 ml No.5B 3,000 rpm % w/v 8GX 0.40 g 0.50 g 0.60 g 0.8 % w/v 1.0 % w/v 1.2 % w/v A C ph ) ~ 3) A A A 40.0 % 49.9 % 54.9 % 59.9 % 70.1 % mg 秤 100 ml 1 ml % 0.2 ml 20 10,000 rpm 20 1 mm 605 nm A 100 mg 100 ml 1 ml 0.8 % 0.2 ml B B B B 59.7 % 69.9 % 75.0 % 80.1 % 90.0 % mg 秤 200 ml 1 ml % 0.2 ml B B 100 mg 200 ml 1 ml 0.6 % 0.2 ml HPLC B 4) B Shodex SUGAR SPO mm 300 mm H 2 O 1.0 ml/min 80

33 40 10 μl HPLC B B B 4 % 33 % B B B 550 3 B 2.5.4 B 4 26.

5 mg/100 ml 1 ml 2.3.2 0.2 ml 2.5.1 4 0.6 % 0.8 % 1.0 % 1.

3 μl HPLC B B B 4 % 33 % B B B B B mg /100 ml 51.4 mg/100 ml 74.1 mg/100 ml mg/100 ml 1 ml ml % 0.8 % 1.0 % 1.2 % % 70 % 50 % 0.05 % ph 3) ph % 50 % ph A C Photo. 1 3 Konjac A(a) Carrageenan A(a) Sample A(a) Konjac A(b) Carrageenan A(b) Sample A(b) Photo. 1 Photomicrograph of konjac A( 116), carrageenan A( 290) and sample A( 580) (a) Polarization, (b) Alcian Blue

4 34 Konjac B(a) Carrageenan B(a) Sample B(a) (a) Konjac B(b) Carrageenan B(b) Sample B(b) (b) Photo. 2 Photomicrograph of konjac B( 290), carrageenan B( 290) and sample B( 290) (a) Polarization, (b) Alcian Blue Konjac C(a) Carrageenan C(a) Glucose C(a) Sample C(a) (a) Konjac C(b) Carrageenan C(b) Glucose C(b) Sample C(b) (b) Photo. 3 Photomicrograph of konjac C( 290), carrageenan C( 290), glucose C( 116) and sample C( 290) (a) Polarization, (b) Alcian Blue A C % % Table Table 1 Alcian Blue staining test for standard of carrageenan samples under different conditions 0.05 % Alcian Blue, ph % Ethanol 70 % Ethanol κ-carrageenan Stained Stained ι-carrageenan Dissolution Stained λ-carrageenan Dissolution Dissolution Carrageenan Dissolution Stained Carrageenan Sodium Dissolution Dissolution

5 35 5) A A % Fig Table 2 Carrageenan content in the model sample A, determined by the Alcian Blue photometric method Model Sample A (the carrageenan content : 55.0%) Carrageenan content (%) Measured values Average Recovery(%) Ave % 99.6 % SD CV % Fig. 1 Calibration carve of carrageenan content (0.8 % Alcian Blue) A 99.6 % % Table B B B B % Fig Fig. 2 Calibration carve of carrageenan content (0.6 % Alcian Blue) B B Table 3 Table 3 Carrageenan contents in the model sample B and sample B, determined by the Alcian Blue photometric method Model Sample B (the carrageenan content: 75.1%) Sample B Carrageenan(%) Carrageenan(%) measured Recovery(%) measured Average values values Average Ave % % 74.7 % SD CV % %

6 36 B % % B 74.7 % HPLC B B Fig. 3-4 B HPLC Table 4 Table 4 Recovery of the model sample B and carrageenan content in the sample B, determined by three different methods Recovery of Model Sample B(%) Concentration of Carrageenan in Sample B(%) Alcian Blue method HPLC Ash content Fig. 3 Chromatogram of a hydrolyzed carrageenan Peak in order of appearance: 1: gulcose 2: garactose 3: sorbitol B 99 % B B B B B % 0.8 % 1.0 % 1.2 % Fig Fig. 4 Chromatogram of a hydrolyzed sample B Peak in order of appearance: 1: gulcose 2: garactose 3: mannose 4: sorbitol Optimum Absorbance ( ) Fig. 5 Calibration carve of carrageenan B (0.6 %,0.8 %,1.0 %,1.2 % Alcian Blue)

7 ) Fig mg/100 ml 1.0 % Fig mg/200 ml 0.6 % % ph % 0.6 % 1.0 % 1) ) ) ) ) P ) P

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