A. Incorrect! No, this is not the description of this type of molecule. B. Incorrect! No, this is not the description of this type of molecule.

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1 Biochemistry - Problem Drill 08: Carbohydrates No. 1 of have one aldehyde (-CHO) or one keto (-C=O) group and many hydroxyl (-OH) groups. (A) Amino acids (B) Proteins (C) Nucleic Acids (D) Carbohydrates (E) Lipids No, this is not the description of this type of molecule. No, this is not the description of this type of molecule. No, this is not the description of this type of molecule. D. Correct! Yes, this is the description of a carbohydrate. E. Incorrect! No, this is not the description of this type of molecule. Carbohydrates are the most abundant biomolecule on earth. Carbohydrates also have one aldehyde or one keto group and many hydroxyl groups. The correct answer is (D).

2 No. 2 of Carbohydrates are stored in the muscle and liver as and as in the blood. (A) glucose and sugar (B) glucose and glucose (C) glycogen and lactic acid (D) lactic acid and glucose (E) glycogen, glucose No. Consider first what form carbohydrates take in the blood (which is commonly known). Then consider the form stored in the liver and/or muscle. B. Incorrect No. Consider first what form carbohydrates take in the blood (which is commonly known). Then consider the form stored in the liver and/or muscle. No. Consider first what form carbohydrates take in the blood (which is commonly known). Then consider the form stored in the liver and/or muscle. No. Consider first what form carbohydrates take in the blood (which is commonly known). Then consider the form stored in the liver and/or muscle. E. Correct! Yes, glycogen is stored in the liver and muscle while glucose is the form typical of the blood. Carbohydrates have carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms. Carbohydrates are stored in the muscle and liver as glycogen and as glucose in the blood. The correct answer is (E).

3 No. 3 of Which of the following is not a function of carbohydrates? (A) Energy storage molecule. (B) Starting materials for organic compounds like fats. (C) Starting materials for amino acids. (D) Structural elements in the cell walls of plants. (E) Transfer of genetic information e.g. chromosomes. No, this is a function of the carbohydrate molecule. No, this is a function of the carbohydrate molecule. No, this is a function of the carbohydrate molecule. No, this is a function of the carbohydrate molecule. E. Correct! Yes, this is not a function of carbohydrates. Genetic information is in the form of nucleic acids. Carbohydrates serve as energy stores and in plants it is stored as starch. In animals it is stored as glycogen which is converted to glucose to generate energy. Carbohydrates are the structural elements in the cell walls of plants and bacterial. The correct answer is (E).

4 No. 4 of Which of the following statements is incorrect with respect to monosaccharides? (A) Glucose is the most important carbohydrate. (B) (CH 2 O) n+m is the chemical formula of monosaccharides. (C) If in (CH 2 O) n+m if n or m is zero the saccharide is a ketone. (D) Glucose is a monosaccharide. (E) Monosaccharides have both a ketone and aldehyde functional groups. No, this answer is correct so not the right response to this question. No, this answer is correct so not the right response to this question. No, this answer is correct so not the right response to this question. No, this answer is correct so not the right response to this question. E. Correct! Yes this statement is not correct. Monosaccharides have either a ketone or aldehyde functional group or hydroxyl groups on most or all of the non-carbonyl carbon atoms. Monosaccharides have either a ketone or aldehyde functional group or hydroxyl groups on most or all of the non-carbonyl carbon atoms. The correct answer is (E).

5 No. 5 of Which of the following statements best describes disaccharides? (A) A disaccharide is a carbohydrate consisting of two monosaccharides. (B) Disaccharides are formed by joining two sugars together. (C) Disaccharide formation involves a condensation or dehydration reaction. (D) The bond between two monosaccharides forming a disaccharide is a glycosidic bond. (E) All of the above No. While this answer is correct it is not the best answer. No. While this answer is correct it is not the best answer. No. While this answer is correct it is not the best answer. No. While this answer is correct it is not the best answer. E. Correct! Yes this is the best selection. If you selected E as your answer you have correctly identified that all of these statements are correct with respect to disaccharides. The correct answer is (E).

6 No. 6 of How are monosaccharides classified? (A) Monosaccharides having an aldehyde group are called a ketose sugar. (B) Monosaccharides are classed by the number of OH groups they have. (C) Monosaccharides having a keto group are referred to as an aldose sugar. (D) Glucose is an aldose sugar. (E) Fructose is an aldose sugar. No, monosaccharides having an aldehyde group are an aldose sugar. No, Monosaccharides are classed by the number of carbon atoms. No, Monosaccharides having a keto group is called a ketose sugar. D. Correct! Yes, Glucose is an aldose sugar. E. Incorrect! No, Fructose is a ketose sugar. Monosaccharides having an aldehyde group are called an aldose sugar, e.g. glucose. Monosaccharides having a keto group are called a ketose sugar, eg fructose. Monosaccharides are classed by the number of carbon atoms. The correct answer is (D).

7 No. 7 of Which of the following statements is incorrect with respect to isomers? (A) Isomers have the same chemical formula but different structural formulas. (B) Example of sugar isomer is fructose and glucose. (C) What makes fructose and glucose isomers is that glucose has an aldehyde group while fructose has a keto group. (D) Glucose and fructose are not isomers of each other. (E) Isomers of monosaccharides are two sugars with same chemical formula but different structural formulas. This answer is correct so is not appropriate response to the question. This answer is correct so is not appropriate response to the question. This answer is correct so is not appropriate response to the question. D. Correct! This answer is correct but not the best answer. E. Incorrect! This answer is correct so is not appropriate response to the question. Isomers of monosaccharides are two sugars having the same chemical formula but different structural formulas. An example of sugar isomers is fructose and glucose. Glucose has an aldehyde group while fructose has a keto group. The correct answer is (D).

8 No. 8 of Which of the following statement is incorrect with respect to glucose degradation? (A) Glucose metabolism in cells is called glycolysis. (B) Glycolysis generates energy for the cell. (C) Glucose breakdown via the citric acid cycle occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum. (D) 1 molecule of glucose is oxidized to 38 ATP. (E) Glycolysis is the main pathway for the metabolism of fructose derived from the diet. No. This is a correct statement with respect to glucose degradation so the wrong response to the question. No. This is a correct statement with respect to glucose degradation so the wrong response to the question. C. Correct! Yes, this is the correct response to the question. The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondria. No. This is a correct statement with respect to glucose degradation so the wrong response to the question. E. Incorrect! No. This is a correct statement with respect to glucose degradation so the wrong response to the question. Glucose metabolism in cells is called glycolysis. When 1 molecule of glucose is oxidized it results in CO 2, H 2 O and 38 ATP. Glycolysis is the main pathway for the metabolism of fructose and galactose derived from the diet. Glucose is also involved in the mitochondria for the generation of ATP. The correct answer is (C).

9 No. 9 of Sucrose is nonreducing because. (A) Because it is a monosaccharide. (B) Most of the anomeric carbons participate in glycosidic bonds. (C) There are many free anomeric carbons. (D) The many free anomeric carbons make sucrose nonreducing. (E) None of the above No, sucrose is a disaccharide. B. Correct! Yes, sucrose is reducing because of the lack of free anomeric carbons. No, sucrose is reducing because of the lack of free anomeric carbons. No, sucrose is reducing because of the lack of free anomeric carbons. E. Incorrect! No, there is a correct answer. First review what you know about the structure of sucrose and then use the process of elimination. Sucrose is a non-reducing disaccharide. There are no free anomeric carbons remaining. The lack of free anomeric carbons makes sucrose a nonreducing sugar. The correct answer is (B).

10 No. 10 of Which of the following statements describes a glycoprotein? (A) A polysaccharide attached to a protein is a glycoprotein. (B) Glcoproteins are important in immune cell recognition. (C) Sugars attach to a protein via specific amino acids. (D) Attachment of a sugar to an amino acid is by O-glycosylation or N- glycosylation. (E) All of the above No, this statement is correct but is not the best answer to the question. No, this statement is correct but is not the best answer to the question. No, this statement is correct but is not the best answer to the question. No, this statement is correct but is not the best answer to the question. E. Correct Yes, this is the best choice since all above are correct. Some proteins have sugars covalently attached these are called glycoproteins. The attachment of sugars to a protein is either at asparagines, called N-glycosylation or at hydroxylysine, hydroxyproline, serine or threonine and is called O-glycosylation. The correct answer is (E).

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