A. Incorrect! Axons covey messages from the cell body of the neuron. D. Correct! Dendrites convey messages to the cell body of the neuron.

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1 CLEP Biology - Problem Drill 14: Animal Form No. 1 of The branches of a neuron receiving information from another cell and which transmit the message to the cell body are called? (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) Axons Muscles Glial cells Dendrites None of the above Axons covey messages from the cell body of the neuron. Muscles do not convey messages to the cell body. They are used for contraction. Glial cells are nervous system support cells. They protect and provide nourishment for neurons. D. Correct! Dendrites convey messages to the cell body of the neuron. The answer is found in the choices above, so this cannot be the right choice. Neurons are made up of three parts: A cell body that contains the nucleus, mitochondria and other organelles; A long axon that contains long fibers that carry signals away from the cell body; many dendrites that receive information from another cell and transmit the message to the cell body. Glial cells are nonconducting cells that serve as support cells in the nervous system and help to protect neurons. The correct answer is (D).

2 No. 2 of Blood belongs to what tissue type? (A) Muscle tissue (B) Heart tissue (C) Connective tissue (D) Nervous tissue (E) Epithelia tissue Blood is not a type of muscle tissue. Blood is not a type of heart tissue. C. Correct! Blood is a type of connective tissue. Blood is not a type of nervous tissue. Blood is not a type of epithelia tissue. Connective tissue is characterized by sparse cells. The cells manufacture and secrete an extracellular matrix. The matrix is composed of fibers embedded in a liquid, solid, or gel. Loose Connective tissue Wraps and cushions organs Widely distributed throughout the body Adipose connective tissue Found under skin, around kidneys, within abdomen, and in breasts Local fat deposits serve nutrient needs of highly active organs Dense regular connective tissue Attaches muscles to bone or to other muscles, and bone to bone Found in tendons, ligaments, and aponeuroses Cartilage Hyaline cartilage - Supports, reinforces, cushions, and resists compression Bone Hard, calcified matrix with collagen fibers found in bone Osteocytes are found in lacunae and are well-vascularized Supports, protects, and provides levers for muscular action Stores calcium, minerals, and fat Marrow inside bones is the site of hematopoiesis Blood Red and white cells in a fluid matrix (plasma) Contained within blood vessels Functions in the transport of respiratory gases, nutrients, and wastes The correct answer is (C).

3 No. 3 of Which of the following elements is not a part of respiratory system? (A) Larynx (B) Bronchi (C) Lung (D) Esophagus (E) Trachea The layrnx is part of the respiratory tract. The bronchus is part of the respiratory tract. The lung is part of the respiratory tract. D. Correct! The esophagus is not part of the respiratory tract. The trachea is part of the respiratory tract. The Respiratory System is made of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. The function of the respiratory system is to exchange gas between body and environment: Inhale Oxygen Remove carbon The correct answer is (D).

4 No. 4 of Which of the following is not a function of skin system? (A) Protection (B) Exchange (C) Movement (D) Secretion (E) Removal Protection is a function of the skin. Exchange is a function of the skin. C. Correct! Movement is not a function of the skin. Secretion is a function of the skin. Removal is a function of the skin. Skin System Skin, hair, nail, and skin-associated glands. Protection, exchange and secretion. Skin deals with the removal of excess water, salt, urea and uric acid. The correct answer is (C).

5 No. 5 of The function of lymphatic system is? (A) Defense against cancer cells. (B) Defense against virus. (C) Defense against microbes. (D) B & C (E) All of the above This is a function of the lymphatic system. It is not the only function listed here. This is a function of the lymphatic system. It is not the only function listed here. This is a function of the lymphatic system. It is not the only function listed here. Both of these are functions of the lymphatic system. They are not the only functions listed here. E. Correct! All of the above statements are functions of the lymphatic systems. Lymphatic System: Immune System is made of central lymphoid tissue, which is the bone marrow and thymus. The bone marrow produces all cells in the immune system. The thymus deals with T-cell maturation. There is also the peripheral lymphoid tissue. This is made of the lymph nodes, spleen and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. Lymph nodes are made of lymphatic sinuses, blood vessels, parenchyma, spleen and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. The function of the lymphatic system is defense against invading microorganisms and viruses and defense against the growth of cancer. The correct answer is (E).

6 No. 6 of Which tissue type covers both internal and external surfaces of the animal body? (A) Epithelia (B) Muscle (C) Nervous (D) Connective (E) All of the above A. Correct! Epithelia tissue covers internal and external body surfaces. Muscle tissue is formed by muscle cells for movement of and/or within the animal. Nervous tissue is made of bundles of neuronal processes enclosed in connective tissue that carry signals to and from muscles. Connective tissue is a tissue with an extensive extracellular matrix and often serves to support, bind together, and protect organs. Not all of these tissues cover internal and external body surfaces. Epithelia tissues are closely packed in either single or multiple layers and cover both internal and external surfaces of the animal body. They have three different cell shapes: Squamous epithelium consists of flattened cells. Cuboidal epithelium consists cube-shaped cells. Columnar epithelium consists of elongated cells. They can be found in different cell layers: Simple epithelium has only a single cell layer. Stratified epithelium has more than one layer of cells. The function of epithelia tissue: Movement of materials in, out, or around the body. Protection of the internal environment against the external environment. Secretion of a product. The correct answer is (A).

7 No. 7 of Which tissue is responsible for voluntary movement and is made of striated fibers? (A) Smooth muscle (B) Cardiac muscle (C) Simple squamous (D) Stratified squamous (E) Skeletal muscle Smooth muscle is not striated and functions in involuntary movement. Cardiac muscle is striated but functions in involuntary movement of the heart. Simple squamous functions in diffusion. Stratified squamous protects from abrasion. E. Correct! Skeletal muscle is striated muscle used for voluntary movement. There are three types of muscle fibers: 1. Smooth muscle lacks the banding and striation. It consists of actin and myosin that powers involuntary movements of the viscera. 2. Skeletal muscle is striated and usually attached to the skeleton. It creates voluntary movement by applying force to bones and joints by contracting and relaxing. 3. Cardiac muscle is striated muscle found only in the heart. The cells are usually connected to each other by intercalated disks. It powers the heartbeat. The correct answer is (E).

8 No. 8 of Which body system is responsible for removal of organic waste? (A) Skin (B) Respiratory (C) Reproductive (D) Excretory (E) Endocrine The skin system is made of skin, hair, nail, and skin-associated glands, and it functions in protection, exchange and secretion. The Respiratory System consists of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs; it functions in the exchange of gas between body and environment. The Reproductive System consists of male: testicles, duct system (epididimys, vas deferens), accessory gland (seminal vesicle, prostate), and penis. Female: Fallopian tubes, ovaries, uterus, vagina, accessory glands, and external genital organs. These function together in reproduction. D. Correct! The Excretory System consists of the liver, skin and urinary systems; it functions in removal of organic wastes and maintaining fluid levels. The Endocrine System is made of all glands in body and functions in hormone secretion. Muscular system: For movement and body temperature regulation Digestive System: Food ingestion and digestion. Respiratory System: Exchange of gas between body and environment Cardiovascular System: Transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, chemical signals, etc. Lymphatic System: Function is defense Excretory System: Removes organic wastes, maintains fluid levels Endocrine System: Hormone secretion and maintenance of homeostasis Reproductive System: Reproduction Nervous System: Sense the environment and process the signal, coordinate muscle movement, maintain homeostasis Skeletal System: Support for the body, producing blood and immune cells to support muscle movement and to store minerals. Skin System: Protection, exchange and secretion The correct answer is (D).

9 No. 9 of Which body system(s) control(s) homeostasis? (A) Excretory (B) Nervous (C) Endocrine (D) A & C (E) B & C The Excretory System removes organic wastes, maintaining fluid levels. It does not help with homeostasis. The Nervous system helps to control homeostasis. It is not the only one listed here. The Endocrine system helps to control homeostasis. It is not the only one listed here. Both of these systems do not help to control homeostasis. E. Correct! Both of these systems are needed to control homeostasis. Muscular system: For movement and body temperature regulation. Digestive System: Food ingestion and digestion. Respiratory System: Exchange of gas between body and environment. Cardiovascular System: Transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, chemical signals etc. Lymphatic System: Function is defense. Excretory System: Removes organic wastes, maintaining fluid levels. Endocrine System: Hormone secretion and maintenance of homeostasis. Reproductive System: Reproduction. Nervous System: Sense the environment and process the signal, coordinate muscle movement, maintain homeostasis. Skeletal System: Support for the body, producing blood and immune cells to support muscle movement and to store minerals. Skin System: Protection, exchange and secretion. The correct answer is (E).

10 No. 10 of Which of the following structure(s) is/are found in an animal cell? (A) Mitochondrion (B) Lysosome (C) Golgi apparatus (D) Centrioles (E) All of the above This is an organelle found in the animal cell. It is not the only one listed here. This is an organelle found in the animal cell. It is not the only one listed here. This is an organelle found in the animal cell. It is not the only one listed here. This is an organelle found in the animal cell. It is not the only one listed here. E. Correct! All of these organelles are located in an animal cell. It is not the only one listed here. The following are the vital cell organelles and their roles: Nucleus: the control center Holds all of cell s genetic information Makes decisions about cell needs Ribosome: the factory Synthesizes proteins Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Edits and finalizes proteins made by ribosomes. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Synthesizes carbohydrates and lipids. Golgi Apparatus: the post office Tags and ships packages to their destinations Mitochondria: the powerhouse Produces ATP for the cell s activities. Lysosome: the recycling center. Recycles waste and foreign bacteria. The correct answer is (E).

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