Effect of Different Level of Rosemary Leave Powder in Diet on Blood Metabolites, Carcass Characteristics and Broiler Performance

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1 Effect of Different Level of Rosemary Leave Powder in Diet on Blood Metabolites, Carcass Characteristics and Broiler Performance Mojtaba Roudgar Amoli 1, Kaveh Jafari Khorshdidi 2 and Mohammad Jafari 2 1: Msc in Animal Nutrition, Azad Islamic University, Qhaemshahr branch, Iran 2:PhD in Animal Nutrition, Azad Islamic University, Qhaemshahr branch, Iran Corresponding Author: Roudgarmojtaba@gmail.com Cell Phone: Abstract This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of rosemary powder in diet on blood metabolite and performance of broiler chickens. 180 one day broiler chicks were distributed in a completely randomize design with 4 treatments and 3 replicates and 15 bird in each. Experimental treatments were included: Control (without additive), 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 percent of rosemary in diet. In 42 day of age one bird from each replicate was selected and slaughtering for carcass traits. The results were sowed use of 0.05 percent of rosemary could be significantly increased feed intake of broiler in starter period (p<0.05). Also use of 0.1 percent of rosemary caused to significantly increase broiler body weight gain in overall of rearing period than 0.2 percent group (p<0.05). Use of 0.1 percent rosemary in diet had a significnatly feed conversion ratio (FCR) than T4 (0.2% rosemary). Experimental treatments had no significant effect on carcass traits, except in liver percent weight, which had significantly higher in T2 group (p<0.05). Also experimental treatments had no significant effect on glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride level of broiler chickens in 42 day of age. The results of this experiment showed use of rosemary powder could be improved broiler feed intake in starter period. Key worlds: Rosemary- Performance- Blood metabolites-broiler chickens. This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the final one. Please cite this article as doi: /vsd

2 Introduction The use of antibiotic growth promoters has beneficial effect on poultry growth performance by inhibition of pathogen growth (Gaskins., 2002). But because of its residues in meat, development of resistant bacteria, and imbalance of normal microflora (Andermont, 2000), the use of antibiotic growth promoters in animal feed has been banned in the European since 2006 (USFDA, 2006). Recently use of natural antibiotic and antioxidant in food industry make increased. These compounds are safe and have not hazarredous for human health. One of the important natural feed additives in animal feed is medical plants. Plant derived polyphones have antimicrobial and antioxidant properties (Moreira, 2005). The word rosemary is derived from the Latin word rosemarinus", meaning sea dew. It was also called antos" by the ancient Greeks, meaning the flower of excellence (Giugnolinini, 1985). Rosemary, belonging to the Lamiaceae family, is well known for its antioxidative properties, is used for flavouring foods and beverages, and is also used in several pharmaceutical applications. Previously some research show rosemary has a high inhibitory effect on different fungi and bacteria (Montes, 1985). The main compound of rosemary essential oil is camphor (32%), 1,8- cineol (14.41%) and alpha-pinene (11.56%) (Tonei, 1995). It has been proposed that polyphenols from rosemary may greatly increase the functionality of food in terms of health and wellness. Singletry et al (1997) reported that rosemary supplemental in broiler diet could improve feed conversion ratio. Also, use of 0.5 % rosemary leaves powder in broiler diet, improve broiler body weight and feed conversion ratio (Ghazalah, 2008). Because of there is limit information about the use of Iranian native rosemary in broiler diet, this experiment was carry out the effect of different level of rosemary leaves powder in diet on some blood metabolites, carcass characteristics and performance of broiler chickens. Material and Methods One hundred eighty day-old mixed sexed broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used in this experiment. The birds were housed in a litter floor system. Routine management procedures in intensive broiler production were maintained to ensure disease control and comfort of the experimental birds. Feed and water were provided to appetite. The initial temperature of 32 c was gradually reduced according to the age of the birds until reaching 20 C at the end of the experiment. Chicks were randomly allotted to groups of 15 birds to each of 16 floor pens (2 1 m), with 3 pens per treatment. Four experimental diets, with 3 replicates, were fed to broiler chicks for 42 d: a negative control diet, without additive supplementation (T 1 ); 0.05% (T 2 ); 0.1% (T 3 ) and 0.2 % (T 4 ) rosemary leaves powder (RLP) in diet. A research was conducted in an completely randomize design. The required amount of RLP was purchased from the local market and ground finely. All birds received a starter diet in mash form from 1 to 21 d, grower diet from 21 to 42 d. All diets were formulated to meet or exceed the nutrient requirements of broiler chickens (NRC, 1994). Ingredient and the compositions of the experimental diets are shown in Table 1. Body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were measured periodically. At the end of the experiment, one bird in each replicate was bled from a wing vein. After separated the sera used for evaluation of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL level. These parameters were

3 measured with enzymatic kits (Pars Azmoon) on an autoanalalyzer (Thechnicon RA-1000). After blood collection, the same broilers were weighed individually and killed by cervical dislocation. Dressing percentage was calculated without giblets and the weight of each part was calculated as % of live weight. The effect of RLP on blood chemistry, performance and carcass traits were analyzed statistically by ANOVA with SAS 9.1 software (SAS, 2002). Duncan s multiple range test was used to detect the differences (P<0.05) among different group means (Steel, 1980) Results and Discussion Mean body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of chicks during the experimental period are summarized in Table 2. Highly significant differences (P<0.05) were observed between dietary treatments in feed intake of broiler in starter period. The highest level of RLP (T4) in diet could significantly decreased feed intake of broiler in the starter period (p<0.05). However, no significant differences were recorded about BWG and FCR between chicks given RLP and the control group in the starter period. The use of 0.1 % of RLP (T3) in overall of rearing period have significantly better FCR than T4 (P<0.05). The decreases feed intake of broiler in the higher 2% level of RLP could be attributed to the presence of high concentration of crude fiber in the cell walls of RLP which may cause satiety essence in this group. These results are in agreement with those obtained by Ghazaleh (2008). The decrease in growth (highest FCR in T4) as dietary RLP increased could be caused by the high crude fiber content which has low nutritional value for monogastric animals. The highest feed intake level in starter period was show in T2 group which has lowest level of RLP. It seems in this level, the taste of feed for broiler is more acceptances. Inspection of carcass and some inner organ weight data showed (Table), that liver and small intestine percent weight was significantly decreased in T3 (p<0.05). Some medical plant has antimicrobial activity. Al Kassie et al (2008) reported use of 0.5 anise and 1% rosemary powder in broiler diet cause to decrease total aerobic bacteria in broiler intestine(). It seems in this experiment rosemary with antibacterial effect can decrease pathogenic bacteria in intestine and with decrease bacterial toxic material cause to decrease small intestine weight. Some biochemical serum parameters of broiler chickens fed dietary rosemary were shown in Table?. Experimental treatments had no significant effect on serum glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride level. Use of rosemary ethanolic extract in mice cause decrease blood glucose level ( Bakir, 2008). In inagrement with these result, Ghazalah et al (2008) reported use of rosemary leave powder in diet could decrease serum glucose and cholesterol level of broiler chickens. There are many factor could be influence on this difference. The composition of rosemary leaves maybe differ, in different part of the world. References 1- Al Kassie, Ghalib Alwan Mohammed. 2008The Effect of Anise and Rosemary on Broiler Performance. International Journal of Poultry Science 7 (3): , 2008

4 2- USFDA, 2006.Everythingadded to food in theunited States:a food additivedatabase[online].usfdacentre forfood SafetyandApplied Nutrition.Available from vm.cfsan. fda.gov/dmsieatfus.htmliaccessed].30 August Andremont, A.: Consequences of antibiotic therapy to the intestinal ecosystem. Ann. Fr. Anesth. Reanim., 2000; 19: Gaskins, H. R., C. T. Collier, and D. B. Anderson Antibiotics as growth promotants: Mode of action. Anim. Biotechnol. 13: MOREIRA, M. R. et al. Inhibitory parameters of essential oils to reduce a foodborne pathogen. LWT - Food Science and Technology, Mar del Plata, v. 38, n. 5, p , Singletary, K.W. and J.T. Rokusek, Tissue-Specific enhancement of xenobiotic detoxification enzymes in mice by dietary rosemary extract. Plant Foods for Hum. Nutr., 50: Ghazalah, A.A and A.M. Ali Rosemary Leaves as a Dietary Supplement for Growth in Broiler Chickens. International Journal of Poultry Science 7 (3): Montes, M.A., T. Wilkomirsky and H. Bello, Antibacterial activity of essential oils from aromatic plants growing in Chile. Fitoterapia, 69: Giugnolinini, L., Erbe Secondo Natura. Secondo Natura Laboratorio Grafico, Vignate, Milano. 10- Tomei, P.E., P.L. Cioni, G. Flamini and A. Stefani, Evaluation of the chemical composition of the essential oils of some Lamiaceae from Serrania de Ronda (Andalucia, Spain). J. Essential Oil Res., 7: SAS Institute, 2002, SAS/STAT User's guide, Version 9.1, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC. 12- NRC Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th rev. ed. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC. 13- Steel, R. G. D. and J. H. Torrie, Principles and Procedures of Statistics. 2nd Ed., McGraw Hill Book Co., Inc, New York, USA.

5 Table 1 - Composition of experimental diets of broiler chickens Ingredient (%) Corn Fish meal Soybean meal Soybean oil Lysine Methionine "# Dicalcium phosphate Salt Vit Permix Minerar permix ME CP Met LVS Table 2 - Growth performance in broiler chickens fed the experimental diets (gr) SEM FI b 986 a 946a b 815 b 0.04 FI FI BWG BWG ab 1449 ab 1635 a 1273 b 0.09 BWG FCR FCR ab 2.1 ab 1.8 b 2.3 a 0.1 FCR ab 2.20 ab 1.97 b 2.60 a 0.1

6 Table 4 - Carcass characterized in broiler chickens fed the experimental diets (%) SEM Breast Thigh Carcass Liver 1.81 ab 1.99 a 1.65 b 1.95 ab 0.09 Gizzard Pancreases Spleen Smell intestine 2.04 ab 2.42 a 1.81 b 2.18 ab 0.15 Abdominal fat Table 4 - Blood parameters in broiler chickens fed the experimental diets (mg/dl) SEM Glucose Cholesterol Triglyceride