Section 5: Wheat Scab Research

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Section 5: Wheat Scab Research"

Transcription

1 Section 5: Wheat Scab Research One of the primary research objectives of the Virginia Tech wheat breeding program is to identify and develop cultivars possessing resistance to Fusarium Head Blight () or scab. Each year all wheat entries in Virginia s Official State Variety Trials are evaluated for resistance in an inoculated, irrigated nursery at the Blacksburg test site. Data from this test for the current crop year and two- and three-year averages for incidence, severity and (incidence x severity / 100) are included in this bulletin (Tables 36 38) to aid producers in selection of cultivars on the basis of resistance. Cultivars possessing complete resistance or immunity to have not been identified and resistance levels in currently available cultivars vary from moderately resistant to highly susceptible. A major goal of the breeding program is to identify and incorporate unique and complementary types of resistance into cultivars to enhance the overall level of resistance. Genes controlling resistance have been identified on more than six chromosomes in wheat and some of these genes are complementary in nature and effect different disease resistance components such as incidence, severity, and DON toxin content. Incorporating such multiple resistance genes having additive effects on resistance into cultivars will enhance the overall level of resistance. Because the individual resistance genes are located on different wheat chromosomes and each gene confers only partial resistance to, identifying wheat lines having multiple resistance genes is difficult using traditional breeding techniques. To overcome this limitation, our program is currently identifying and using DNA markers located close to these resistance genes on the same chromosome as tags for selecting wheat lines possessing different combinations of these complementary resistance genes. Entries were inoculated two times by spreading scabby corn seeds in plots at the booting stage and a week later, and by spraying a Fusarium graminearum spore suspension directly onto spikes at the 50% flowering stage. Most of the entries in Virginia s Official State Variety Trial were water damaged as the trial was in lower elevation in the field in Hence, rating for 2015 is not reported. A high incidence and severity were obtained in Among 116 lines and varieties tested in 2014, the index varied from 0.2 to 63.2 with incidence ranging from 2.6% to 87.5% and severity ranging from 3.5% to 76.8% (Table 36). Thirty-three lines and 41 varieties had index values lower than the mean (<14.7) and expressed moderate resistant to in Based on two year mean data for 2013 and 2014 (Table 37), four lines and 11 varieties had index values lower than the test mean (<12.1) and DON content lower than 2.0 ppm.

2 Table 36. Summary of reaction of entries in the Virginia Tech State Wheat Test to Fusarium head blight (scab) and glume blotch resistance, 2014 harvest. Powdery Mildew (0-9) DON Content VA10W VA11W MBX14-K Pioneer Brand 25R MAS # VA AgriMAXX Dyna-Gro Pioneer Brand 26R VA11W VA11W VA12W MAS # Featherstone VA11W MAS # USG USG USG SS MBX12-V VA10W SY SS Progeny Merl MBX11-V Pioneer Brand 26R SS Featherstone VA Shirley Average LSD (O.05) C.V Released cultivars are shown in bold print. Varieties are ordered by ascending index averages. Entries were planted in 2-row plots, 4 ft in length at Blacksburg, VA and were inoculated at 50% and 100% heading stages with Fusarium graminearum spore suspension (50,000 spores/ml). 1 Scab Incidence : Percentage of infected spikes among 10 randomly selected spikes. 2 Scab Severity : Percentage of infected spikelets among 10 infected spikes. 4 Averages are derived from the entire 2014 harvest data set. 95

3 Table 37. Two year average summary of reaction of entries in the and glume blotch resistance, 2013 and 2014 harvests. USG USG Jamestown AgriMAXX Yorktown Hilliard VA10W Progeny Pioneer Brand 26R USG MD04W VA10W AgriMAXX USG Progeny Massey Pioneer Brand 25R SY SS AgriMAXX AgriMAXX Dyna-Gro VA11W Dyna-Gro USG VA10W Pioneer Brand 26R VA11W USG USG VA11W SS VA10W SY USG Featherstone MBX12-V SS

4 Table 37. Two year average summary of reaction of entries in the and glume blotch resistance, 2013 and 2014 harvests. Merl Progeny MBX11-V Pioneer Brand 26R SS Featherstone VA Shirley Average LSD (O.05) C.V Released cultivars are shown in bold print. Varieties are ordered by ascending index averages. Entries were planted in 2-row plots, 4 ft in length at Blacksburg, VA and were inoculated at 50% and 100% heading stages with Fusarium graminearum spore suspension (50,000 spores/ml). 1 Scab Incidence : Percentage of infected spikes among 10 randomly selected spikes. 2 Scab Severity : Percentage of infected spikelets among 10 infected spikes. 4 Don Values were measured (pooled over replications) from the 2013 harvest year. 97

5 Table 38. Three year average summary of reaction of entries in the and glume blotch resistance, harvests. Heading date (Julian) (0-100) USG Jamestown Yorktown VA10W AgriMAXX Progeny Pioneer Brand 26R Massey Progeny SS AgriMAXX Pioneer Brand 25R USG AgriMAXX VA10W Dyna-Gro Dyna-Gro Pioneer Brand 26R SS VA10W Featherstone USG MBX12-V SS Merl Progeny Pioneer Brand 26R SS Featherstone VA Shirley Average LSD (O.05) C.V Released cultivars are shown in bold print. Varieties are ordered by ascending index averages. Entries were planted in 2-row plots, 4 ft in length at Blacksburg, VA and were inoculated at 50% and 100% heading stages with Fusarium graminearum spore suspension (50,000 spores/ml). 1 Scab Incidence : Percentage of infected spikes among 10 randomly selected spikes. 2 Scab Severity : Percentage of infected spikelets among 10 infected spikes. 4 DON values were measured from the 2012 and 2013 harvest year. 98

Section 4: Milling and Baking Quality

Section 4: Milling and Baking Quality Section 4: Milling and Baking Quality Grain samples of 62 entries in Virginia s 2014 State Wheat Test grown at Blacksburg, VA were submitted to the USDA-ARS Soft Wheat Quality Lab in Wooster, OH for advanced

More information

Section 2: Barley Scab Research

Section 2: Barley Scab Research 31 Section 2: Barley Scab Research One of the primary research objectives of the Virginia Tech barley breeding program is to identify and develop cultivars possessing resistance to Fusarium head blight

More information

Wheat Update September 2017 ARKANSAS WHEAT PERFORMANCE TRIALS AND VARIETY SELECTION. Methods

Wheat Update September 2017 ARKANSAS WHEAT PERFORMANCE TRIALS AND VARIETY SELECTION. Methods September 2017 Wheat Update 2017 DR. JASON P. KELLEY Extension Agronomist Wheat and Feed Grains DR. ESTEN MASON Associate Professor Wheat Breeding and Genetics RANDY MILLER Program Associate DAVID MOON

More information

The Efficacy of Spraying Organic Fungicides to Control Fusarium Head Blight Infection in Spring Wheat

The Efficacy of Spraying Organic Fungicides to Control Fusarium Head Blight Infection in Spring Wheat The Efficacy of Spraying Organic Fungicides to Control Fusarium Head Blight Infection in Spring Wheat Dr. Heather Darby, UVM Extension Agronomist Erica Cummings, UVM Extension Crops and Soils Coordinator

More information

DISEASE MANAGEMENT IN WHEAT AND OTHER SMALL GRAINS. A. K. Hagan Auburn University

DISEASE MANAGEMENT IN WHEAT AND OTHER SMALL GRAINS. A. K. Hagan Auburn University DISEASE MANAGEMENT IN WHEAT AND OTHER SMALL GRAINS A. K. Hagan Auburn University Leaf Diseases of Wheat Head Blight, Take All, and Virus Diseases Diseases of Oats Crown rust Halo Blight Severe Crown Rust

More information

Table 1 Disease Ratings* May 22 May 30 Tst Treatment and rate/a Inc Sev Fld Sev Inc Sev Fld Sev Bu/A** LSD P=

Table 1 Disease Ratings* May 22 May 30 Tst Treatment and rate/a Inc Sev Fld Sev Inc Sev Fld Sev Bu/A** LSD P= MANAGEMENT OF FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT IN WHEAT USING SELECTED BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS AND FOLIAR FUNGICIDES, 2001 D.E. Hershman 1, P.R. Bachi 1, D.M. TeKrony 2 and D.A. VanSanford 2 Department of Plant

More information

BREEDING FOR FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT RESISTANCE IN SOFT RED WINTER WHEAT

BREEDING FOR FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT RESISTANCE IN SOFT RED WINTER WHEAT University of Kentucky UKnowledge University of Kentucky Master's Theses Graduate School 2004 BREEDING FOR FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT RESISTANCE IN SOFT RED WINTER WHEAT Virginia Laura Verges University of Kentucky,

More information

Stategic Planning for Mitigation of Fusarium Head Blight in Wheat

Stategic Planning for Mitigation of Fusarium Head Blight in Wheat Stategic Planning for Mitigation of Fusarium Head Blight in Wheat Anita Brûlé-Babel Department of Plant Science One University. Many Futures. FHB Issue Prior to 1980 FHB epidemics were sporadic Since early

More information

GENETIC VARIATION FOR FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT RESISTANCE IN SOFT RED WINTER WHEAT

GENETIC VARIATION FOR FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT RESISTANCE IN SOFT RED WINTER WHEAT University of Kentucky UKnowledge University of Kentucky Master's Theses Graduate School 2002 GENETIC VARIATION FOR FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT RESISTANCE IN SOFT RED WINTER WHEAT Marla Dale Hall University of

More information

Effect of Plant Height on Fusarium Head Blight in Spring Wheat

Effect of Plant Height on Fusarium Head Blight in Spring Wheat Journal of Plant Studies; Vol. 4, No. 2; 2015 ISSN 1927-0461 E-ISSN 1927-047X Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Effect of Plant Height on Fusarium Head Blight in Spring Wheat Hana Moidu

More information

Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to Select for Resistance to FHB Various Applications

Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to Select for Resistance to FHB Various Applications Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to Select for Resistance to FHB Various Applications Floyd Dowell, Ph.D. Stored Product Insect and Engineering Research Unit USDA ARS Center for Grain and Animal Health

More information

Role of Seed Analysts in the Management of Scab Disease

Role of Seed Analysts in the Management of Scab Disease Role of Seed Analysts in the Management of Scab Disease Dr. Bill Grey, MSU Foundation Seed Program Harold Armstrong, RST, Monsanto Corp. Association of Official Seed Analysts, Inc. / Society Commercial

More information

Effects of Rain and Simulated Rain on Deoxynivalenol Levels in Grain and Chaff of Winter Wheat with Fusarium Head Blight

Effects of Rain and Simulated Rain on Deoxynivalenol Levels in Grain and Chaff of Winter Wheat with Fusarium Head Blight University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Theses and Dissertations 12-2013 Effects of Rain and Simulated Rain on Deoxynivalenol Levels in Grain and Chaff of Winter Wheat with Fusarium Head

More information

Effect of Nozzles on Fungicide Efficacy for Control of Fusarium Head Blight on Barley

Effect of Nozzles on Fungicide Efficacy for Control of Fusarium Head Blight on Barley Effect of Nozzles on Fungicide Efficacy for Control of Fusarium Head Blight on Barley Halley, S. 1 *, Van Ee, G. 2 and Hofman, V. 3 1 Langdon Research Extension Center, North Dakota State University, Langdon,

More information

Predicting the Unpredictable: Disease Factors in Small Grain Production. Juliet M. Marshall. Idaho Falls and Aberdeen R&E Centers

Predicting the Unpredictable: Disease Factors in Small Grain Production. Juliet M. Marshall. Idaho Falls and Aberdeen R&E Centers Predicting the Unpredictable: Disease Factors in Small Grain Production Juliet M. Marshall Idaho Falls and Aberdeen R&E Centers Fusarium Head Blight Management History Disease first described in the U.S.

More information

Spray or Not to Spray: Scout- Based Fungicide Decisions in Wheat. Andrew Friskop NDSU Cereal Extension Plant Pathologist

Spray or Not to Spray: Scout- Based Fungicide Decisions in Wheat. Andrew Friskop NDSU Cereal Extension Plant Pathologist Spray or Not to Spray: Scout- Based Fungicide Decisions in Wheat Andrew Friskop NDSU Cereal Extension Plant Pathologist Wheat Disease Plan for 2016 1. Know your variety 2. Common diseases 3. Cropping system

More information

DIAGNOSTIC VOMITOXIN (DON) SERVICES IN

DIAGNOSTIC VOMITOXIN (DON) SERVICES IN DIAGNOSTIC VOMITOXIN (DON) SERVICES IN 2000-2001 Howard H. Casper* Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58105 *Corresponding author: PH: (701)

More information

mycotoxin-contaminated contaminated food or feed

mycotoxin-contaminated contaminated food or feed Poisons in our Food By Melvin Newman, Ph.D. Professor Entomology and Plant Pathology Foods that may contain toxins Introduction Fungi: produce an array of chemical products called secondary metabolites.

More information

TIMELY INFORMATION Agriculture & Natural Resources

TIMELY INFORMATION Agriculture & Natural Resources Fusarium Head Scab Management in Wheat A. K. Hagan Professor and Extension Plant Pathologist Auburn University Introduction Scab or Fusarium head blight is an increasingly important and damaging disease

More information

Deoxynivalenol: Known Facts and Research Questions. DON (deoxynivalenol) is a damaging toxin produced by the fungus Fusarium

Deoxynivalenol: Known Facts and Research Questions. DON (deoxynivalenol) is a damaging toxin produced by the fungus Fusarium Deoxynivalenol: Known Facts and Research Questions Summary: DON (deoxynivalenol) is a damaging toxin produced by the fungus Fusarium graminearum in the heads of small grains. In addition to DON, F. graminearum

More information

Fusarium Head Scab Management in Alabama Wheat

Fusarium Head Scab Management in Alabama Wheat PLANT PATHOLOGY SERIES TIMELY INFORMATION Agriculture & Natural Resources EXTENSION PLANT PATHOLOGY, 961 S. DONAHUE DRIVE, AUBURN UNIVERSITY, AL 36849-5624 April 15, 2014 PP-747 Fusarium Head Scab Management

More information

Sorghum Grain Mold: Variability in Fungal Complex

Sorghum Grain Mold: Variability in Fungal Complex Table 2. Incidence and intensity of grain mold in sorghum cultivars under two treatments of panicles (with and without bags) 1. Incidence (%) Cultivar TGMR 2 Germination' Fusarium moniliforme 3 Curvularia

More information

DISEASE AND FUNGICIDE MANAGEMENT FOR CORN & WHEAT Heather M. Kelly Field Crops Plant Pathology West Tennessee Research and Education Center

DISEASE AND FUNGICIDE MANAGEMENT FOR CORN & WHEAT Heather M. Kelly Field Crops Plant Pathology West Tennessee Research and Education Center DISEASE AND FUNGICIDE MANAGEMENT FOR CORN & WHEAT Heather M. Kelly Field Crops Plant Pathology West Tennessee Research and Education Center University of Tennessee Disease Pyramid 1. Plant susceptible

More information

Genomic Selection for Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in Barley

Genomic Selection for Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in Barley Genomic Selection for Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in Barley Kevin Smith University of Minnesota Aaron Lorenz, U Nebraska Jean Luc Jannink USDA Ithaca, NY Shiaoman Chao USDA Fargo, ND, Vikas Vikram

More information

Minnesota Wheat Research and Promotion Council RESEARCH PROPOSAL GRANT APPLICATION (2-pages maximum)

Minnesota Wheat Research and Promotion Council RESEARCH PROPOSAL GRANT APPLICATION (2-pages maximum) Description of the proposal: Minnesota Wheat Research and Promotion Council RESEARCH PROPOSAL GRANT APPLICATION (2-pages maximum) Fusarium head blight (FHB), also called scab, is a major fungal disease

More information

Mycotoxin Prevention in Cereal Crops by Enhanced Host Plant Resistance an update October2008

Mycotoxin Prevention in Cereal Crops by Enhanced Host Plant Resistance an update October2008 Mycotoxin Prevention in Cereal Crops by Enhanced Host Plant Resistance an update October2008 UMB; Åsmund Bjørnstad, Helge Skinnes, et al BIOFORSK: Sonja Klemsdal, Erik Lysøe et al. UMN: Jim Anderson, Howard

More information

Single-Kernel Near-Infrared Analysis for Evaluating Wheat Samples for Fusarium Head Blight Resistance

Single-Kernel Near-Infrared Analysis for Evaluating Wheat Samples for Fusarium Head Blight Resistance Single-Kernel Near-Infrared Analysis for Evaluating Wheat Samples for Fusarium Head Blight Resistance Kamaranga H. S. Peiris, 1 Yanhong Dong, 2 William W. Bockus, 3 and Floyd E. Dowell 4,5 ABSTRACT Cereal

More information

Paul Williams USDA-ARS, Mississippi State, MS Evaluation of GEM Germplasm for Resistance to Aflatoxin Accumulation 2007 Results

Paul Williams USDA-ARS, Mississippi State, MS Evaluation of GEM Germplasm for Resistance to Aflatoxin Accumulation 2007 Results Paul Williams USDA-ARS, Mississippi State, MS Evaluation of GEM Germplasm for Resistance to Aflatoxin Accumulation 2007 Results Contamination of corn grain with aflatoxin, a toxin produced by the fungus

More information

Identifying. Wheat Diseases. Affecting Heads and Grain

Identifying. Wheat Diseases. Affecting Heads and Grain Identifying Wheat Diseases Affecting Heads and Grain Healthy Wheat Normal Wheat Head Diagnosis of disease begins with an understanding what a healthy wheat plant looks like. Notice the uniform green color

More information

MANAGEMENT OF FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT OF WHEAT USING ANTAGONISTIC MICROORGANISMS

MANAGEMENT OF FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT OF WHEAT USING ANTAGONISTIC MICROORGANISMS MANAGEMENT OF FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT OF WHEAT USING ANTAGONISTIC MICROORGANISMS *Muthomi, J. W., Riungu, G. M., and Wagacha, J. M. Department of Plant Science and Crop Protection, University of Nairobi P.

More information

Target Diseases and Application Timing Information for Foliar Fungicides Labeled for Use on Wheat in Missouri

Target Diseases and Application Timing Information for Foliar Fungicides Labeled for Use on Wheat in Missouri Target Diseases and Application Timing Information for Foliar Fungicides Labeled for Use on Wheat in Missouri Information taken from current pesticide labels- April 2009 To be legally used in Missouri

More information

Crop Staging guide FungiCideS

Crop Staging guide FungiCideS Crop Staging Guide Fungicides Take a stand. Stop disease before it starts. Once yield is lost to disease, it s gone forever. There s no cure. The best way to prevent this yield loss is to stop disease

More information

2007 Field Plot Summaries: Plant Diseases & Fungicide Trials. South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007

2007 Field Plot Summaries: Plant Diseases & Fungicide Trials. South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007 research APRIL 2013 PLANT SCIENCE 2007 Field Plot Summaries: Plant Diseases & Fungicide Trials South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007 SDSU Extension Plant Pathology Plant Science Department

More information

Bayer CropScience - Product Update Lethbridge January 18, 2011 Garett Cowan

Bayer CropScience - Product Update Lethbridge January 18, 2011 Garett Cowan Bayer CropScience - Product Update Lethbridge January 18, 2011 Garett Cowan Complete Insect and Disease Protection - All in One Package Raxil WW Cereal Seed Treatment that is a Co-pack of a fungicide (Raxil

More information

Applied Research Results on Field Crop Disease Control

Applied Research Results on Field Crop Disease Control Applied Research Results on Field Crop Disease Control 2014 Nathan Kleczewski Ph.D. Extension Plant Pathology Specialist University of Delaware Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Newark, Delaware 19716

More information

Ph.D. thesis. Szabolcs Lehoczki-Krsjak. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ákos Mesterházy Scientific director, Member of the Hung. Acad. Sci.

Ph.D. thesis. Szabolcs Lehoczki-Krsjak. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ákos Mesterházy Scientific director, Member of the Hung. Acad. Sci. Ph.D. thesis Investigation of the quantity, translocation, degradation and effectiveness against Fusarium head blight of tebuconazole and prothioconazole after different spraying methods Szabolcs Lehoczki-Krsjak

More information

REQUEST FOR SUPPORT TO REGISTER BW980. Type: Canadian Western Red Spring

REQUEST FOR SUPPORT TO REGISTER BW980. Type: Canadian Western Red Spring REQUEST FOR SUPPORT TO REGISTER BW980 Crop Kind: Spring Wheat Type: Canadian Western Red Spring Proposer: R.D. Cuthbert, Swift Current Research & Development Centre, AAFC, Swift Current, SK. Experimental

More information

Factors Influencing Deoxynivalenol Accumulation in Small Grain Cereals

Factors Influencing Deoxynivalenol Accumulation in Small Grain Cereals Toxins 2012, 4, 1157-1180; doi:10.3390/toxins4111157 Review OPEN ACCESS toxins ISSN 2072-6651 www.mdpi.com/journal/toxins Factors Influencing Deoxynivalenol Accumulation in Small Grain Cereals Stephen

More information

CDC Kinley Spring wheat

CDC Kinley Spring wheat 1 CDC Kinley Spring wheat Developed by: P. Hucl and C. Briggs, CDC, Univ. of Saskatchewan CDC Kinley was selected from the cross HW03007*2/BW356 made at the University of Saskatchewan during the winter

More information

COMP ARISON OF FUNGICIDAL PROGRAMMES IN CEREALS, DIFFERENT IN THEIR INTENSITY, CURRENTLY USED IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC

COMP ARISON OF FUNGICIDAL PROGRAMMES IN CEREALS, DIFFERENT IN THEIR INTENSITY, CURRENTLY USED IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC AGRONOMIJAS VESTrS (Latvian Journal of Agronomy) No. 7 LLU 2004 COMP ARISON OF FUNGICIDAL PROGRAMMES IN CEREALS, DIFFERENT IN THEIR INTENSITY, CURRENTLY USED IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC Ludvik Tvaruzek Department

More information

Fusarium stalk rot of sorghum in the Northern region. By Lisa Keller and Malcolm Ryley, Agri-Science Qld, DEEDI, 203 Tor St Toowoomba

Fusarium stalk rot of sorghum in the Northern region. By Lisa Keller and Malcolm Ryley, Agri-Science Qld, DEEDI, 203 Tor St Toowoomba Fusarium stalk rot of sorghum in the Northern region By Lisa Keller and Malcolm Ryley, Agri-Science Qld, DEEDI, 203 Tor St Toowoomba Sorghum stalk rots are a continual but increasing threat to Australian

More information

Contamination of winter wheat with Fusarium mycotoxin depending on environment conditions and cultivar

Contamination of winter wheat with Fusarium mycotoxin depending on environment conditions and cultivar Contamination of winter wheat with Fusarium mycotoxin depending on environment conditions and cultivar Grażyna Podolska, Edyta Boguszewska Department of Cereal Crop Production, Institute of Soil Science

More information

REPORT TO THE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR THE OREGON PROCESSED VEGETABLE COMMISSION December 2010 Project Title: Management of Fusarium

REPORT TO THE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR THE OREGON PROCESSED VEGETABLE COMMISSION December 2010 Project Title: Management of Fusarium REPORT TO THE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR THE OREGON PROCESSED VEGETABLE COMMISSION December 21 Project Title: Management of Fusarium diseases of sweet corn in the PNW: microflora influence on

More information

Number of Experiments Needed to Determine Wheat Disease Phenotypes for Four Wheat Diseases

Number of Experiments Needed to Determine Wheat Disease Phenotypes for Four Wheat Diseases Number of Experiments Needed to Determine Wheat Disease Phenotypes for Four Wheat Diseases William W. Bockus, Department of Plant Pathology, Throckmorton Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506;

More information

Potential Wheat Disease Issues on Seed, Seedlings, Leaves, and Heads for Wheat in the Central Texas Blacklands and Beyond for the Season

Potential Wheat Disease Issues on Seed, Seedlings, Leaves, and Heads for Wheat in the Central Texas Blacklands and Beyond for the Season http://sickcrops.tamu.edu October 8, 2012 Potential Wheat Disease Issues on Seed, Seedlings, Leaves, and Heads for Wheat in the Central Texas Blacklands and Beyond for the 2012-2013 Season Ronald D. French,

More information

Tina Brandt, Nora Olsen, Jeff Stark, Rich Novy, and Jonathan Whitworth. Storage Management of. Blazer Russet. Potatoes

Tina Brandt, Nora Olsen, Jeff Stark, Rich Novy, and Jonathan Whitworth. Storage Management of. Blazer Russet. Potatoes Tina Brandt, Nora Olsen, Jeff Stark, Rich Novy, and Jonathan Whitworth CIS 1192 Storage Management of Blazer Russet Potatoes Introduction Blazer Russet is an early maturing, high-yielding potato variety

More information

Using silicon, Stimplex and plant resistance in pumpkin production systems to reduce plant disease loss

Using silicon, Stimplex and plant resistance in pumpkin production systems to reduce plant disease loss Using silicon, Stimplex and plant resistance in pumpkin production systems to reduce plant disease loss Gerald Brust, IPM Vegetable Specialist University of Maryland 2005 Largo Rd Upper Marlboro, MD 20774

More information

Small Grains Management Field Day

Small Grains Management Field Day Small Grains Management Field Day An Educational Program of the Integrated Field Crop, Soil, and Pest Management Program Work Team; Cornell Cooperative Extension; the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment

More information

2007 Powdery Mildew of Cantaloupe Fungicide Trial

2007 Powdery Mildew of Cantaloupe Fungicide Trial 2007 Powdery Mildew of Cantaloupe Fungicide Trial Michael Matheron and Martin Porchas, University of Arizona, Yuma Agricultural Center, Yuma, AZ 85364 This study was conducted at The University of Arizona,

More information

Combining ability for Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Combining ability for Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) http://agrobiol.sggw.waw.pl/cbcs Communications in Biometry and Crop Science Vol. 5, No. 2, 2010, pp. 116 126 International Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life

More information

P.J. Cotty, Page NO.1 of 8.

P.J. Cotty, Page NO.1 of 8. P.J. Cotty, Page NO.1 of 8. POSITION AND AFLATOXIN LEVELS OF TOXIN POSITIVE BOLLS ON COTTON PLANTS. P.J. Cotty and L.S. Lee Research Plant Pathologist and Research Chemist USDA, ARS, Southern Regional

More information

Eleven blackberry cultivar trial and varietal specific susceptibility to certain pathogens: Report to NABG Research Foundation

Eleven blackberry cultivar trial and varietal specific susceptibility to certain pathogens: Report to NABG Research Foundation Eleven blackberry cultivar trial and varietal specific susceptibility to certain pathogens: Report to NABG Research Foundation Part 1; Blackberry cultivar performance trial David Ouellette, Brian Lawrence

More information

In vitro inhibition of potato fungal pathogens using isothiocyanates

In vitro inhibition of potato fungal pathogens using isothiocyanates In vitro inhibition of potato fungal pathogens using isothiocyanates David Kenyon & Fiona Taylor Potatoes are the world s 4 th largest crop 3 rd largest food crop Potatoes Very susceptible to infection

More information

PRAIRIE RECOMMENDING COMMITTEE FOR OILSEEDS (PRCO) APPENDIX C

PRAIRIE RECOMMENDING COMMITTEE FOR OILSEEDS (PRCO) APPENDIX C PRAIRIE RECOMMENDING COMMITTEE FOR OILSEEDS (PRCO) APPENDIX C Operating Procedures for the Registration of a Flax Cultivar for Production in Western Canada Table of contents C1. Background...2 C2. The

More information

Mildew Mania Results 2016

Mildew Mania Results 2016 Mildew Mania Results 2016 Introduction...1 Maps 2 Questions...4 How did you help?..5 Glossary...6 Hello! Thank you so much for all of your help with Mildew Mania this year. In 2016, we had over 1800 students

More information

Premier Russet Management Guide - Idaho

Premier Russet Management Guide - Idaho Premier Russet Management Guide - Idaho General Description Premier Russet is a product of the cooperative USDA/ARS, University of Idaho breeding program in Aberdeen, and was released jointly by the USDA/ARS

More information

EFFECT OF FUNGICIDE APPLICATION ON SEED YIELD OF PERENNIAL RYEGRASS. P. Goliński Poznań, Poland,

EFFECT OF FUNGICIDE APPLICATION ON SEED YIELD OF PERENNIAL RYEGRASS. P. Goliński Poznań, Poland, ID # 03-07 EFFECT OF FUNGICIDE APPLICATION ON SEED YIELD OF PERENNIAL RYEGRASS P. Goliński Department of Grassland Sciences, Agricultural University, Wojska Polskiego 38/42, 60-627 Poznań, Poland, pgolinsk@woodcock.au.poznan.pl

More information

RESULTS OF AGRONOMIC AND WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH CONDUCTED IN SOUTH CENTRAL MONTANA

RESULTS OF AGRONOMIC AND WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH CONDUCTED IN SOUTH CENTRAL MONTANA RESULTS OF AGRONOMIC AND WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH CONDUCTED IN SOUTH CENTRAL MONTANA - 2005 The Annual Report of the Investigations at and Administration of the Southern Agricultural Research Center, Huntley,

More information

BMSB impact on vegetable and field crops in the Mid- Atlantic and research plans for 2011

BMSB impact on vegetable and field crops in the Mid- Atlantic and research plans for 2011 BMSB impact on vegetable and field crops in the Mid- Atlantic and research plans for 2011 Galen P. Dively Department of Entomology DE - Joanne Whalen, Bill Cissel VA - Ames Herbert, Tom Kuhar, Kathy Kamminga,

More information

FOOD SAFETY, TOXICOLOGY AND UTILIZATION OF MYCOTOXIN-CONTAMINATED GRAIN

FOOD SAFETY, TOXICOLOGY AND UTILIZATION OF MYCOTOXIN-CONTAMINATED GRAIN FOOD SAFETY, TOXICOLOGY AND UTILIZATION OF MYCOTOXIN-CONTAMINATED GRAIN Section 3: Food Safety, Toxicology, and Utilization of Mycotoxin-contaminated Grain WHEAT KERNEL BLACK POINT AND FUMONISIN CONTAMINATION

More information

INFLUENCE OF SOME NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC TOXINS CHARACTERISTIC FOR FUSARIUM FUNGUS ON IZOPEROXIDASES IN SOME WHEAT GENOTYPES

INFLUENCE OF SOME NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC TOXINS CHARACTERISTIC FOR FUSARIUM FUNGUS ON IZOPEROXIDASES IN SOME WHEAT GENOTYPES INFLUENCE OF SOME NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC TOXINS CHARACTERISTIC FOR FUSARIUM FUNGUS ON IZOPEROXIDASES IN SOME WHEAT GENOTYPES Ioana Hagima and Mariana Ittu ABSTRACT Analyses of izoperoxidase activity in

More information

THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCAB (FUSARIUM GRAMINEARUM) RESISTANT VARIETIES OF WHEAT P.S. Baenziger 1 *, Schimelfenig, J. 2 and J.E.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCAB (FUSARIUM GRAMINEARUM) RESISTANT VARIETIES OF WHEAT P.S. Baenziger 1 *, Schimelfenig, J. 2 and J.E. 2002 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum Proceedings THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCAB (FUSARIUM GRAMINEARUM) RESISTANT VARIETIES OF WHEAT P.S. Baenziger 1 *, Schimelfenig, J. 2 and J.E. Watkins 2 OBJECTIVE 1 Department

More information

MISSOURI SEED DIRECTORY 2017 FALL

MISSOURI SEED DIRECTORY 2017 FALL MISSOURI SEED DIRECTORY 2017 FALL For Fall Seeded Crops Winter Barley Hard Red Winter Wheat Soft Red Winter Wheat Winter Triticale THE MISSOURI CROP IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATION 3211 Lemone Industrial Blvd.

More information

16 th Australian Research Assembly on Brassicas. Ballarat Victoria 2009

16 th Australian Research Assembly on Brassicas. Ballarat Victoria 2009 A Leptosphaeria biglobosa 'canadensis' isolate induced resistance in Brassica and Brassica against Leptosphaeria (Desm.) Ces. et de Not. V. Thomas 1,5, R. M Norton 2, S.J Marcroft 2 and P.A Salisbury 3,

More information

PATHOGEN BIOLOGY AND GENETICS

PATHOGEN BIOLOGY AND GENETICS PATHOGEN BIOLOGY AND GENETICS SURVEY FOR FUSARIUM GRAMINEARUM 15-ADON, 3-ADON AND NIV CHEMOTYPES IN WINTER WHEAT IN ONTARIO Pragyan Burlakoti and Ljiljana Tamburic-Ilincic Ridgetown Campus, University

More information

SESSION 1: FHB MANAGEMENT

SESSION 1: FHB MANAGEMENT SESSION 1: FHB MANAGEMENT Co-Chairpersons: Erick DeWolf and Don Hershman EFFECTS OF HOST RESISTANCE LEVEL AND INOCULATION TIMINGS ON FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT (FHB) DEVELOPMENT AND DEOXYNIVALENOL (DON) PRODUCTION

More information

This article is from the December 2012 issue of. published by The American Phytopathological Society

This article is from the December 2012 issue of. published by The American Phytopathological Society This article is from the December 2012 issue of published by The American Phytopathological Society For more information on this and other topics related to plant pathology, we invite you to visit APSnet

More information

REVIEW Evaluation of Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in Wheat and the Development of a New Variety by Integrating Type I and II Resistance

REVIEW Evaluation of Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in Wheat and the Development of a New Variety by Integrating Type I and II Resistance JARQ 47 (, 9 19 (2013) http://www.jircas.affrc.go.jp REVIEW Evaluation of Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in Wheat and the Development of a New Variety by Integrating Type I and II Resistance Katashi KUBO*,

More information

General Combining Ability of Sugar Beet Inbreds as Determined with Two Different Top Cross Testers

General Combining Ability of Sugar Beet Inbreds as Determined with Two Different Top Cross Testers General Combining Ability of Sugar Beet Inbreds as Determined with Two Different Top Cross Testers R. K. OLDEMEYER 1 An economical method for the production of hybrid seed tor testing general combining

More information

PS Occurence of Fusarium species isolated from winter wheat and barley grains in Croatia

PS Occurence of Fusarium species isolated from winter wheat and barley grains in Croatia PS2-1-6118 Occurence of Fusarium species isolated from winter wheat and barley grains in Croatia J. Cosic 1*, D. Jurkovic 1, K. Vrandecic 1, B. Šimic 2 Abstract Fusarium head blight of small grain cereals

More information

Plant Disease and Insect Advisory

Plant Disease and Insect Advisory Plant Disease and Insect Advisory Entomology and Plant Pathology Oklahoma State University 127 Noble Research Center Stillwater, OK 74078 Vol. 7, No. 25 http://entoplp.okstate.edu/pddl/ July 10, 2008 Wheat

More information

PROJECT REPORT No. 297 MAXIMISING CONTROL WITH FUNGICIDES OF FUSARIUM EAR BLIGHT (FEB) IN ORDER TO REDUCE TOXIN CONTAMINATION OF WHEAT

PROJECT REPORT No. 297 MAXIMISING CONTROL WITH FUNGICIDES OF FUSARIUM EAR BLIGHT (FEB) IN ORDER TO REDUCE TOXIN CONTAMINATION OF WHEAT PROJECT REPORT No. 297 MAXIMISING CONTROL WITH FUNGICIDES OF FUSARIUM EAR BLIGHT (FEB) IN ORDER TO REDUCE TOXIN CONTAMINATION OF WHEAT JANUARY 2003 Price 7.00 PROJECT REPORT No. 297 MAXIMISING CONTROL

More information

Heiner Lieth, Director Linda Dodge Shannon Still Ron Lane Jackie Fortunko

Heiner Lieth, Director Linda Dodge Shannon Still Ron Lane Jackie Fortunko Phytotoxicity and Efficacy of Fascination (6-Benzyl Adenine + Gibberellic Acid) for Enhanced Branching of Treasure Flower (Gazania linearis Colorado Gold ) By Heiner Lieth, Director Linda Dodge Shannon

More information

Fusarium root rot of soybean occurrence, impact, and relationship with soybean cyst nematode

Fusarium root rot of soybean occurrence, impact, and relationship with soybean cyst nematode Proceedings of the Integrated Crop Management Conference Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference Dec 1st, 12:00 AM Fusarium root rot of soybean occurrence, impact, and relationship

More information

New technology to reduce mycotoxins in grain

New technology to reduce mycotoxins in grain New technology to reduce mycotoxins in grain Tom A. Scott, Ph. D. Research Chair in Feed Processing Technology Mark Wickstrom, Ph. D., Western College of Veterinary Medicine Michael Kautzman, M. Sc. Candidate

More information

2018 Nebraska Dry Bean Variety Trials

2018 Nebraska Dry Bean Variety Trials MP106 Index: Crops, Crop Production/Field Crops January 2019 2018 Nebraska Dry Bean Variety Trials Carlos A. Urrea, Dry Bean Breeding Specialist Eduardo Valentin Cruzado, Dry Bean Research Technologist

More information

Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 14 (No 3) 2008, Agricultural Academy

Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 14 (No 3) 2008, Agricultural Academy 321 Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 14 (No 3) 2008, 321-328 Agricultural Academy INFLUENCE OF SOME AGRONOMY FACTORS ON SPIKE COMPONENTS AFTER A RARE INCIDENCE OF FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT EPIPHYTOTY

More information

Fusarium infection and mycotoxins on cereals in reduced tillage

Fusarium infection and mycotoxins on cereals in reduced tillage Fusarium infection and mycotoxins on cereals in reduced Päivi Parikka 1, Sari Rämö 1, Veli Hietaniemi 1, Laura Alakukku 2, Hannu Känkänen 1 and Yrjö Salo 1 1 MTT Agrifood Research Finland, 2 University

More information

Management of Fusarium and other Soil Borne Diseases in Tomatoes and Vegetables

Management of Fusarium and other Soil Borne Diseases in Tomatoes and Vegetables Management of Fusarium and other Soil Borne Diseases in Tomatoes and Vegetables Scott Stoddard, Farm Advisor, UCCE Merced County Pest Management Update Class, Nov. 3, 2015 Soil diseases Phytophthora Pythium

More information

Agronomy Notes Vol 30, No EARLY MATURING VARIETIES AND SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODES: WILL THIS MARRIAGE WORK?

Agronomy Notes Vol 30, No EARLY MATURING VARIETIES AND SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODES: WILL THIS MARRIAGE WORK? Agronomy Notes Vol 30, No. 7 1997 EARLY MATURING VARIETIES AND SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODES: WILL THIS MARRIAGE WORK? C.C. STEELE AND L.J. GRABAU INTRODUCTION Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is widely distributed

More information

2015 Field Trials Report. GRDC Project: Australian Cereal Rust Control Programme (ACRCP) Integrated Fungicide Management (IFM) Programme

2015 Field Trials Report. GRDC Project: Australian Cereal Rust Control Programme (ACRCP) Integrated Fungicide Management (IFM) Programme 2015 Field Trials Report GRDC Project: Australian Cereal Rust Control Programme (ACRCP) Integrated Fungicide Management (IFM) Programme GRDC Project No: FAR00002 May 30 th 2016 Foundation for Arable Research

More information

Can Brachypodium distachyon provide insight into FHB? Paul Nicholson Disease and Stress Biology Department John Innes Centre

Can Brachypodium distachyon provide insight into FHB? Paul Nicholson Disease and Stress Biology Department John Innes Centre Can Brachypodium distachyon provide insight into FHB? Paul Nicholson Disease and Stress Biology Department John Innes Centre Genetics and mechanisms of FHB resistance in wheat DON (mg kḡ 1 ) ET-silenced

More information

Suppression of Fusarium Wilt of Watermelon Enhanced by Hairy Vetch Green Manure and Partial Cultivar Resistance

Suppression of Fusarium Wilt of Watermelon Enhanced by Hairy Vetch Green Manure and Partial Cultivar Resistance 2006 Plant Management Network. Accepted for publication 25 February 2006. Published. Suppression of Fusarium Wilt of Watermelon Enhanced by Hairy Vetch Green Manure and Partial Cultivar Resistance X. G.

More information

SAMPLE. Monkey. 5 litres œ MAPP Warning

SAMPLE. Monkey. 5 litres œ MAPP Warning Monkey MAPP 12906 A systemic fungicide for the control of a wide range of diseases in wheat, barley, rye and Sclerotinia in oilseed rape. An emulsion, oil in water formulation containing 133 g/l (12% w/w)

More information

Phytotoxicity and Efficacy of Fascination (6-Benzyl Adenine + Gibberrelic Acid) for Enhanced Branching of Lady s Mantle (Alchemilla mollis Auslese )

Phytotoxicity and Efficacy of Fascination (6-Benzyl Adenine + Gibberrelic Acid) for Enhanced Branching of Lady s Mantle (Alchemilla mollis Auslese ) Phytotoxicity and Efficacy of Fascination (6-Benzyl Adenine + Gibberrelic Acid) for Enhanced Branching of Lady s Mantle (Alchemilla mollis Auslese ) By Heiner Lieth, Director Linda Dodge Shannon Still

More information

Phytotoxicity and Efficacy of Fascination (6-Benzyl Adenine + Gibberellic Acid) for Enhanced Branching of Dead Nettle (Lamium maculatum Shell Pink )

Phytotoxicity and Efficacy of Fascination (6-Benzyl Adenine + Gibberellic Acid) for Enhanced Branching of Dead Nettle (Lamium maculatum Shell Pink ) Phytotoxicity and Efficacy of Fascination (6-Benzyl Adenine + Gibberellic Acid) for Enhanced Branching of Dead Nettle (Lamium maculatum Shell Pink ) By Heiner Lieth, Director Linda Dodge Shannon Still

More information

Phytotoxicity and Efficacy of Fascination (6-Benzyl Adenine + Gibberellic Acid) for Enhanced Branching of Gaura (Gaura lindheimeri Siskiyou Pink )

Phytotoxicity and Efficacy of Fascination (6-Benzyl Adenine + Gibberellic Acid) for Enhanced Branching of Gaura (Gaura lindheimeri Siskiyou Pink ) Phytotoxicity and Efficacy of Fascination (6-Benzyl Adenine + Gibberellic Acid) for Enhanced Branching of Gaura (Gaura lindheimeri Siskiyou Pink ) By Heiner Lieth, Director Linda Dodge Shannon Still Lea

More information

FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT SURVEY

FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT SURVEY FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT SURVEY 1998-99 Phillip Needham and Richard Bayless - Miles Opti-Crop Scott Jones and Chris Bowley - Wheat Tech, Inc. Don Hershman*, Paul Vincelli and Doug Johnson - University of Kentucky

More information

Table S1 Wheat VIT genes identified in this study. accessed 18 November 2016.

Table S1 Wheat VIT genes identified in this study.   accessed 18 November 2016. 1 Table S1 Wheat VIT genes identified in this study Rice ortholog Rice gene ID a Wheat gene name b Wheat gene ID c % amino acid identity to closest rice orthologue TaVIT1-A TRIAE_CS42_2AL_TGACv1_094675_AA0301300

More information

DON from field to glass

DON from field to glass DON from field to glass Gary Bergstrom and Paul Schwarz Cornell University and North Dakota State University Great Lakes Hops and BarleyConference Traverse City, MI March 16 17, 2016 Topics 1. DON a Fusarium

More information

Heiner Lieth, Director Linda Dodge Shannon Still Ron Lane Jackie Fortunko

Heiner Lieth, Director Linda Dodge Shannon Still Ron Lane Jackie Fortunko Phytotoxicity and Efficacy of Fascination (6-Benzyl Adenine + Gibberellic Acid) for Enhanced Branching of Blanket Flower (Gaillardia grandiflora Summer Kiss ) By Heiner Lieth, Director Linda Dodge Shannon

More information

An IPM 1 Approach to Managing Herbicide Resistant Ryegrass in Northeast Texas. October, 2014 J. Swart, A. Braley, R. Sutton, S. Stewart, D.

An IPM 1 Approach to Managing Herbicide Resistant Ryegrass in Northeast Texas. October, 2014 J. Swart, A. Braley, R. Sutton, S. Stewart, D. An IPM 1 Approach to Managing Herbicide Resistant Ryegrass in Northeast Texas. October, 2014 J. Swart, A. Braley, R. Sutton, S. Stewart, D. Reid 2 BACKGROUND Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) is the

More information

5 L œ. GB b ra9d

5 L œ. GB b ra9d 5 L œ Fungicide A fungicide for the control of stem-base, foliar and ear diseases in winter and spring wheat (also reduction of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol), winter rye, winter and spring barley, winter

More information

How to Conduct On-Farm Trials. Dr. Jim Walworth Dept. of Soil, Water & Environmental Sci. University of Arizona

How to Conduct On-Farm Trials. Dr. Jim Walworth Dept. of Soil, Water & Environmental Sci. University of Arizona How to Conduct On-Farm Trials Dr. Jim Walworth Dept. of Soil, Water & Environmental Sci. University of Arizona How can you determine whether a treatment (this might be an additive, a fertilizer, snake

More information

Tomato Spray Program and Other Disease Control News. Steve Bost Extension Plant Pathologist University of Tennessee

Tomato Spray Program and Other Disease Control News. Steve Bost Extension Plant Pathologist University of Tennessee Tomato Spray Program and Other Disease Control News Steve Bost Extension Plant Pathologist University of Tennessee scbost@utk.edu Hot Topics from 2013 Botrytis strawberry Spray program tomato Downy mildew

More information

Roses with Vitazyme application

Roses with Vitazyme application Vitazyme Field Tests for 2018 Roses with Vitazyme application Researcher: Jan Ties Malda Research organization: Cebeco Mertstoffen B. V. and SPNA Kollumerwaard, the Netherlands Location: SPNA Kollumerwaard,

More information

Project title: Fusarium wilt of lettuce: management through detection, avoidance and disease resistance

Project title: Fusarium wilt of lettuce: management through detection, avoidance and disease resistance Abstract Project title: Fusarium wilt of lettuce: management through detection, avoidance and disease resistance Principal investigator: Thomas R. Gordon Department of Plant Pathology University of California

More information

Archived at

Archived at Differences between spring wheat cultivars for emergence and early development after seed infection with Fusarium culmorum Timmermans, B.G.H. 1 and Osman A.M. 2 Key words: Spring wheat, Fusarium seedling

More information

Fusarium species and Deoxynivalenol in maize product of Moqan region

Fusarium species and Deoxynivalenol in maize product of Moqan region DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2012.107219 Fusarium species and Deoxynivalenol in maize product of Moqan region - - ( : : ) n.aliakbari@gmail.com. -... (DON). Czapek PDA Nash-Snyder CLA PDA. % /

More information

Phytotoxicity and Efficacy of Fascination (6-Benzyl Adenine + Gibberellic Acid) for Enhanced Branching of Periwinkle (Vinca Tall Rosea Mix )

Phytotoxicity and Efficacy of Fascination (6-Benzyl Adenine + Gibberellic Acid) for Enhanced Branching of Periwinkle (Vinca Tall Rosea Mix ) Phytotoxicity and Efficacy of Fascination (6-Benzyl Adenine + Gibberellic Acid) for Enhanced Branching of Periwinkle (Vinca Tall Rosea Mix ) By Heiner Lieth, Director Linda Dodge Ron Lane Jackie Fortunko

More information