Study on Fumonisin Contents of Maize Sampled From Dawanau Grains Market in Kano.

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Study on Fumonisin Contents of Maize Sampled From Dawanau Grains Market in Kano."

Transcription

1 Volume 4 Issue 04 April-2016 Pages ISSN(e): Website: DOI: Study on Fumonisin Contents of Maize Sampled From Dawanau Grains Market in Kano. Authors Shamsuddeen U. 1, Kabir A. 2 1,2 Department of Microbiology Bayero University Kano - ushamsudeen.bio@buk.edu.ng ABSTRACT A study was carried out on the Aflatoxin content of maize sourced from Dawanau grains market in Kano. A total of 25 maize samples were collected and subjected to moisture content determination, moulds isolation as well as aflatoxin extraction which were followed by the analysis of the toxin. Of the 25 maize samples 9 (36%), 6 (24%), 19 (76%), 7 (28%), 4 (16%), 8 (32%), 2 (8%) and 4 (8%) yielded A. flavus, A. parasiticus, Fusarium, A. niger, Penicillium, Mucor, NigrosporaandTrichodermarespectively. Analysis of the extracts using thin layer chromatography yielded blue and blue green fluorescence on the TLC plate after U.V light illumination withrf values which ranged between Analysis of the extracts using ELISA kit showed the aflatoxin content of the maize to be in the range of The study stressed the need for public enlightenment on the dangers and potential hazards associated with the consumption of mycotoxins. Key words: Fumonisin, maize, dawanau, market, Kano INTRODUCTION Maize is a very versatile cereal and is used in the production of food, feed, adhesive, oil, syrups, flakes, alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks, starch and ethanol among others while locally it is used to make pap, nakia, tuwo, pop corn etc. In addition Nigeria is the 10 th largest producer of maize globally; producing about 98.8% of its domestic maize needs locally (El-Imam, et., al. 2012). In the field as well as in the store, many pests and parasites attack maize. Fungi rank second as the cause of deterioration and loss of maize. Fungi could cause about 50 80% of damage on farmers maize storage period if conditions are favourable for their development. The major genera commonly encountered on maize in tropical regions are Fusarium, Aspergillus and Penicillium (Fandohan et al., 2003). These genera of fungi are very important not only because they infect crops, but because of their ability to produce extracellular toxic metabolites called Mycotoxins Mycotoxins are low molecular weight compounds that do not produce symptoms in only a few hours. Mycotoxins have attracted worldwide attention due to the significant losses associated with their impact on human and animal health and consequent national economic implications. Mycotoxicosis is the consequent or effect (Disease) of ingesting toxin contaminated foods by man and animals. It may also result indirectly from consumption of animal products such as milk from livestock exposed to contaminated feed (Bankole and Adebanjo, 2003). Fumonisins are the mycotoxins produced by Fusarium spp. They are a group of non-fluorescent, water soluble and polar mycotoxins, and at least 15 related fumonisin compounds have been identified. The most Shamsuddeen U, Kabir A. IJSRE Volume 4 Issue 4 April 2016 Page 5196

2 important species producing this toxin include, Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium nygamai. Other species includes F. anthophilum, F. diamini, F. napiforme, F. thapsinum, F. globosum (Fandohan et al., 2003). Amongst these F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum are by far the most prolific fumonisin producers. They produce the highest amounts of toxins: up to 17,900µg/g. Fumonisins can contaminate maize foods and feeds as a result of fusarium invasion before and after harvest. According to Fandohan et al., 2003, Maize is the product in which fumonisins are most abundant. Fumonisins have emerged as a highly visible animal and human health safety concern since they have been associated with many animal diseases such as leukoencephalomalacia (LEM) in horses, pulmonary oedema syndrome (PES) in pigs and hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. With respect to humans, studies on the prevalence of oesophageal cancer in regions of South Africa, China, Italy and Iran revealed an association between this disease and the consumption of maize contaminated by Fusarium spp (Fandohan et al., 2003). Based on recent research results obtained so far, FB 1 has been evaluated as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Class 2B) (IARC, 2002). The aim of this work is therefore to assess the level of contamination of maize grains with the fungal metabolite, the Fumonisin. METHODOLOGY Sample Collection A total of twenty five samples of white maize grains were collected from different bags at Dawanau grains market Kano. The collected grains were stored in paper bags to avoid moisture build up which could result in increased fungal growth and mycotoxin production (El-Imam et al., 2012). Moisture Content Determination Hot air oven was switched on until the temperature reached 130 o C and allowed to heat for 30mins before the samples were placed in it to ensure uniform heat distribution. The sample was placed in a dry mill blender and grounded to powder. Ten grams of each ground sample was weighed, this was done in duplicate for each sample. The weighed samples were placed in a pre weighed crucible and placed in the pre-heated oven. The samples were heated until a constant weight was obtained. The moisture content of the samples was obtained by the following relation (ISTA, 1996). Moisture content = ( ) ( ) ( ) X 100 (ISTA, 1996). Fungal Isolation The maize seeds were thoroughly mixed to obtain homogeneity. Twenty (20) maize seeds, Per sample were randomly selected and surface sterilized using 5.25% sodium hypochlorite solution (Reckitt and Colman Nig. Ltd). The seeds were aseptically rinsed five times with sterile distilled water (Makun et al., 2009). Five (5) seeds per plate were plated on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and Malt Extract Agar (MEA). Plating was done in duplicate for each agar. Chloramphenicol (0.5mg/ml) was added to the culture media before autoclaving to inhibit bacterial growth (Aljouraifani, 2011). The plates were incubated at room temperature for 5-7 days. Following incubation, pure culture of the fungi was obtained by repeated subcultures, which were preserved on PDA slants till identified (Al-Rahmah et al., 2011). Fungal counts of maize samples Ten grams (10g) of ground sample was placed in a sterile 500ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 90ml of sterile distilled water and was homogenized by shaking thoroughly for 10mins. The homogenate was left to stand Shamsuddeen U, Kabir A. IJSRE Volume 4 Issue 4 April 2016 Page 5197

3 further for 30mins. Ten (10) fold serial dilution was then prepared. All dilution tubes were labeled accordingly. From each dilution, 1.0ml was pipette aseptically into duplicate and appropriately labeled petridishes. This was followed by pouring aseptically 15-20ml of molten Malt Extract Agar (MEA) fortified with 0.5µg/ml of chloramphenicol into each of the petridishes. The plates were allowed to solidify, then were incubated at room temperature for 24 48hours. Following incubation plates with colonies were selected, and the colonies counted. The average number of the colonies was multiplied by the inverse of the dilution factor and the result expressed as cfu/g of the sample (Shamsuddeen et al., 2012). Quantitative Evaluation/Estimation of Fumonisin using ELISA based Kits Elisa kits were purchased from Shenzhen Lvshiyuan Biotechnology Ltd China. The samples were prepared and analyses were carried out according to the manufacturers instruction. Sample extract solution was prepared by mixing 60 parts of methanol with 40 parts of deionized water. One gram of pulverized sample was dispensed into 7ml plain vacutener bottle; 5ml of sample extract solution was added. The mixture was shaken thoroughly for 5mins this was then centrifuged at 4000r/min for 5min, from the filtrate 0.5ml was pipette and 4.5ml of deionized water was added to it.from this solution 50µl was obtained for analysis. The micro wells were labeled and all samples were analyzed in duplicates alongside standards. Using a micropipette 50µl of the prepared sample above was dispensed into the micro well, then 50µl of FB 1 enzyme conjugate was added, this was followed by the addition of 50µl of FB 1 antibody working solution. The mixture was shaken gently and incubated at room temperature in the dark for 30mins. Following incubation the solution in the microwell was discarded, the microwells were washed five times each time with 300µl of washing solution. After washing 50µl/well of substrate A was dispensed, then 50µl/well of substrate B. the plate was shaken and incubated at room temperature in the dark for 15mins. Following incubation 50µl/well of stop solution was added. The microplate was then placed in a microplate reader and the optical density (OD) value obtained/read at a wavelength of 4500nm. RESULT The result of the moisture content of the maize samples is presented in table The moisture content range from 1% to 6% with sample 25 having the highest value of 6 and 3%. Table 1: Moisture contents of maize samples Sample Moisture (%) Sample Moisture (%) Shamsuddeen U, Kabir A. IJSRE Volume 4 Issue 4 April 2016 Page 5198

4 Table 2: Percentage of Occurrence of Fungi S/No Fungal Specie Frequency of Occurrence out of 25 samples % Occurrence out of 25 samples 1. A. flavus A. parasiticus Fusarium spp A. niger Penicillium spp Mucor Nigrospora Trichoderma 2 8 The fungal count (cfu/g) is shown in table 4.4 below, which showed various counts. The least being sample 20 with 1.20x10 3 cfu/g and the highest being sample 6 and 18 both of which have count in the order Table 3: Fungal Load of Maize Samples Sample Fungal Count cfu/g x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x10 4 The result of the aflatoxin and fumonisin content (ppb) of the samples is presented in table 4.6. The mean aflatoxin and fumonisin content are and ng/ml respectively. Shamsuddeen U, Kabir A. IJSRE Volume 4 Issue 4 April 2016 Page 5199

5 Table 4: Estimated Fumonisin Content Samples Fumonisin (ppb) DISCUSSION A total of 25 maize grain samples were collected from Dawanau grains market Kano. From Table 1 the moisture content of all samples ranged from1-6%. Samples 14 and 6 had the lowest moisture content value of 1%. While the highest moisture content value of 6% was obtained in samples 3 and 25. The low moisture content value of the grains which ranged from 1-6% shows that the maize grains were well dried to the appropriate moisture content level of below 12% In table 2 the fungal flora isolated include; Fusarium spp, Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus, A. niger, Penicillium spp, Mucor spp., Trichoderma and Nigrospora spp. Sources of fungal contamination of cereals are many but all are traceable to the environment in which these grains are grown, handled and processed, other factors that influence fungal contamination of grains include; rainfall, drought, temperature and humidity, soil conditions and wind, others are harvesting equipment, storage and handling as well as moisture control (Sauer et al 1992). Presence of these fungi in these grains could also be attributed. To the climate of West African countries, Nigeria inclusive, the climate is tropical, with an all year round high ambient temperature and relative humidity that provides optimal growth conditions for these molds. Climatic factors such as fluctuations in rainfall, relative humidity and temperature, results in plant stress, thus making the crops susceptible to fungal contamination. Shamsuddeen U, Kabir A. IJSRE Volume 4 Issue 4 April 2016 Page 5200

6 Poor and improper agricultural practices such as overcrowding and improper spacing of plants, late planting of maize, harvesting of maize grains in wet conditions favour the proliferation of these molds. In addition repeated planting of maize and other cereal crops in the same field or in nearby field favours fungal flora by increasing the fungal inocula in fields. Vectors such as insects that attack these maize grains also aid in the infection by creating wounds and openings on the grains, these insects as well serve as agents that transmit these fungi or their spores from one cob/plant to the other (Bilgrami and Choudhary 1998). Presence of these molds in the grains is of significance because their occurrence could result in spoilage, decreased germinability of the grains, moreover development of visible mold growth results in discoloration of the grains, and also a decrease in the quality, of the grains as well as a loss in the nutritional value of grains as reported by Fandohan et al (2003). It has been reported that, the major genera of fungi commonly encountered on maize in tropical regions are Fusarium, Aspergillus and Penicillium (Fandohan et al., 2003). Makun et al reported that out of 93 maize samples collected from Niger and Kogi States, he isolated Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigates, A. nidulans, A. niger, A. parasiticus, A. terreus, Fusarium spp, Mucor spp, Rhizopus spp and Penicillium spp. The high incidence ofa. Flavus and Fusarium spp is in line with the findings of Mohana et al.(2014) which found 25 maize samples showing high incidence of both A. flavus and F. verticilliodes out of 45 maize samples collected from different regions of southern Karnataka India. Infection of maize with Fusarium species and its contamination by Fumonisins are generally influenced by many factors including, environmental conditions (such as climate, temperature, humidity, and rainfall), insect infestation and pre and post-harvest handling. Presence of these mycotoxins in the grains despite the low moisture content of 1% - 6% suggest that the toxins were probably formed in the field when moisture content was higher, or due to isolated rain showers late in the season coupled with hot humid days and cold dry nights. It could also be during harvest due to poor agricultural practices such as threshing which may cause grain damage thus favouring the proliferation of fungi mycoflora and their toxins. In addition maize left in the fields to dry before harvesting does not dry effectively because it is not fully exposed to sunlight and residual moisture is trapped in the cob. Even though 24 samples yielded fumonisins, None of the samples had the toxin content greater than 4ppm (4,000ppb) as recommended by United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA); which recommends that Fumonisin levels in human foods should not be greater than 4ppm (4,000ppb) while in degermed dry milled corn products fumonisins levels should not exceed 2ppm (2,000ppb) (FDA, 2000). This is in line with the findings of Fandohan et al. (2005) which found all maize samples tested from four local storage systems in Benin Republic to contain fumonisins, with levels ranging from 0.6 to 2.4mg/kg. Fandohan et al. (2005) also found fumonisin levels decreased over the storage period, but not significantly. Rensburg (2012) also found the natural occurrence of Fumonisin and Fusarium spp in maize samples from 29 localities over a 3 year period in South Africa. CONCLUSION In conclusion the maize grains were found to be contaminated with either one or more molds. All samples were contaminated with Fumonisin. However none of the samples had fumonisin levels greater than benchmark figures. RECOMMENDATION Mass awareness and enlightment campaign to educate the farmers, about good agricultural practices, storage, harvest and handling of the grains to reduce the level of mycotoxin contamination. Shamsuddeen U, Kabir A. IJSRE Volume 4 Issue 4 April 2016 Page 5201

7 It is recommended that grains should be dried immediately after harvest within 24 48hrs to below 14% moisture content. Then grains should be further dried to a moisture content of below 12% before storage Educating the populace on the dangers of consuming mycotoxin contaminated food. Development of affordable and easy to use kits for testing and quantification of mycotoxins in African countries. There is urgent need for inspection and enforcement services to be put in place bynational Agency for Food Drug Administration and Control(NAFDAC) to ensure compliance to the set Aflatoxin level. While NAFDAC needs to set benchmark levels for Fumonisins and other health implicated mycotoxins. Farmers should avoid harvesting in wet conditions REFERENCES 1. Al-juraifani A.A. (2011). Natural Occurrence of Fungi and Aflatoxins of Cinnamon in Saudi Arabia. African Journal of Food Science Vol. 5 (8) Pp Bankole S.A., Adebanjo A. (2003). Mycotoxins in Food in West Africa: Current situation and possibilities of controlling it. African Journal of Microbiology Research.Vol 2 (9) Pp Bilgrami K.S., Choudhary A.K., (1998). Mycotoxins in preharvest contamination of agricultural crops,in:sinha KK, Bhatnagar D. eds. Mycotoxins in agriculture and food safety. Marcel Dekker,Newyork. Pp El-imam A.A., Joseph B.J., Abdullahi I.O. (2012).Occurrence of fumonisins and deoxynivalenol of fumonisins and deoxynivalenol in stored maize used in industrial productions in Zaria Nigeria.African Journal of Food Science Vol 6 (9) Pp ( ). 5. Fandohan P., Gnonlonfin B., Hell K., Marasas W.F.O and Wingfield M.J. (2005).Impact of indigenous storage systems and insect infestation on the contamination of maize with fumonisins.african Journal of Biotech.Vol. 5 (7) Pp Fandohan P., Hell K., Marasas W.F., Wing-Field M.J. (2003).Infection of Maize by fusarium species and contermination with Fumonisin in Africa.African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 2 (12). Pp FDA (2000).Background paper in support of fumonisin levels in Animal Feeds (Draft). Guidance for Industry: Fumonisin level in Human Foods and Animal Feeds: dms/fumonbg2.html. 8. FDA (2000). URL: 9. IARC (2002). IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks of humans, some traditional herbal medicines, mycotoxins, mycotoxins, naphthalene and styrene. Vol (82) International Agency for Research on Cancer Lyon, France Pp Ismail Y. R.,(1997) Food chemistry,vol.59 No.1, Pp ISTA(International seed testing Association) International rules for seed testing. Seed science and Technology 21 (suppl.) Makun H.A., Anjorin S.T., Morofnoye. B., Adejo F.O., Afolabi A.O., Fagbayibo H., Balogun B.O., Surjucleen A.A. (2010). Fungal and Aflatoxin contermination of some human food commodities in Nigeria.African Journal of Food Science Vol. 4 (4) pp Mohana C.D., Thrippeswamy, S., Abhishek U.R., Manjunath K. (2014).Natural occurrence of A. flavus and F. verticilliodes and AFB 1 and FB 1 contamination in maize grown in southern Katnatka (India).Canadian Journal of Plant Protection (CJPP) Vol. 2 No Rensburg B.J. (2012). Modeling the incidence of Fusarium and Aspergillus toxin producing species in maize and sorghum in South Africa. Pp Shamsuddeen U, Kabir A. IJSRE Volume 4 Issue 4 April 2016 Page 5202

8 15. Sauer D.B., Meronuck A., Christensen C. M. (1992): Microflora. In: Sauer DB (ed.) Storage of cereal grains and their products, 4 th ed.aacc International, St. Paul,MN pp Shamsuddeen U., Gafai B., Magashi A.M. (2012). Microbiological quality of some ready to eat meat products sold in some parts of Katsina City Nigeria BEST Journal Vol. 9 (3) Shamsuddeen U, Kabir A. IJSRE Volume 4 Issue 4 April 2016 Page 5203

Preliminary report of Dehulling effect on the occurrence and distribution of Aspergillus flavus in maize grains stored in Mubi market

Preliminary report of Dehulling effect on the occurrence and distribution of Aspergillus flavus in maize grains stored in Mubi market Available online at www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Advances in Applied Science Research, 2011, 2 (5):612-616 ISS: 0976-8610 CODE (USA): AASRFC Preliminary report of Dehulling effect on the occurrence and

More information

mycotoxin-contaminated contaminated food or feed

mycotoxin-contaminated contaminated food or feed Poisons in our Food By Melvin Newman, Ph.D. Professor Entomology and Plant Pathology Foods that may contain toxins Introduction Fungi: produce an array of chemical products called secondary metabolites.

More information

STUDIES ON FUNGAL POPULATION OF CUMIN (NIGELLA SATIVA L.) FROM DIFFERENT PARTS OF MARATHWADA.

STUDIES ON FUNGAL POPULATION OF CUMIN (NIGELLA SATIVA L.) FROM DIFFERENT PARTS OF MARATHWADA. STUDIES ON FUNGAL POPULATION OF CUMIN (NIGELLA SATIVA L.) FROM DIFFERENT PARTS OF MARATHWADA. Dr. Sumia Fatima Yogesh C. Khot Dept. of Botany, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria College for Women, Aurangabad Maharastra

More information

MYCOTOXINS INCIDENCE IN WHEAT CULTURE

MYCOTOXINS INCIDENCE IN WHEAT CULTURE MYCOTOXINS INCIDENCE IN WHEAT CULTURE G. COVACI, Florina RADU, Iuliana M. POPESCU Banat s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" from Timisoara, 119 Calea

More information

Validation of the Total Aflatoxin ELISA test in cereals, peanut and feed.

Validation of the Total Aflatoxin ELISA test in cereals, peanut and feed. Validation of the Total Aflatoxin ELISA test in cereals, peanut and feed. Nermin Sajic, Lucia Streppel, Lisa Overgoor and Liberty Sibanda EuroProxima, Beijerinckweg 18, 6827 BN Arnhem, The Netherlands

More information

Mycotoxins, MRL s & food chain contaminations

Mycotoxins, MRL s & food chain contaminations 1 Mycotoxins, MRL s & food chain contaminations IAOM-MEA, 15.11.2008, Arusha Ir. Johny Boerjan Hazards associated with wheat & wheat processing (HACCP) Physical hazards Glass, stones, metal, Biological

More information

Nanofeed Detector A Simple Gadget that Protects the Health of Farm Animals and it s Industry from Contaminated Feeds. Dr. Gil Nonato C.

Nanofeed Detector A Simple Gadget that Protects the Health of Farm Animals and it s Industry from Contaminated Feeds. Dr. Gil Nonato C. Nanofeed Detector A Simple Gadget that Protects the Health of Farm Animals and it s Industry from Contaminated Feeds Dr. Gil Nonato C. Santos The Angelo King Institute for Economic and Business Studies

More information

AFLATOXIN M1 CAT. NO. 961AFLMO1M

AFLATOXIN M1 CAT. NO. 961AFLMO1M h AFLATOXIN M1 CAT. NO. 961AFLMO1M Competitive ELISA Immunoassay for the quantitative detection of Aflatoxin M1 in milk, milk powder and cheese. General Aflatoxins are toxic metabolites produced by a variety

More information

East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 12 (2009) 47-51

East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 12 (2009) 47-51 47 East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 12 (2009) 47-51 Destruction of Aflatoxins in Contaminated Maize Samples using Ammoniation Procedures H.S. NYANDIEKA *1, J.O. MAINA 1

More information

Amantadine ELISA Test Kit

Amantadine ELISA Test Kit Amantadine ELISA Test Kit Catalog No. LSY-10052 1. Principle This test kit is based on the competitive enzyme immunoassay for the detection of Amantadine. The coupling antigen is pre-coated on the micro-well

More information

Overview of Mycotoxins in India with special reference to Aflatoxins. F Waliyar

Overview of Mycotoxins in India with special reference to Aflatoxins. F Waliyar Overview of Mycotoxins in India with special reference to Aflatoxins F Waliyar Important Mycotoxins Aflatoxins Ochratoxins Fusarial toxins Fumonisins Zearalenone T2-toxin Deoxynivalenol Nivalenol Mycotoxin

More information

Alternative Methods for the Control of Mycotoxins

Alternative Methods for the Control of Mycotoxins Alternative Methods for the Control of Mycotoxins John F. Leslie University Distinguished Professor & Head Department of Plant Pathology Kansas State University Manhattan, Kansas 2014 J. F. Leslie What

More information

DETERMINATION OF TOXIGENIC FUNGI AND THEIR ASSOCIATED MYCOTOXINS IN MAIZE FROM MERU COUNTY JOHN NDERITU GATHOGO SUPERVISOR: PROF: R.

DETERMINATION OF TOXIGENIC FUNGI AND THEIR ASSOCIATED MYCOTOXINS IN MAIZE FROM MERU COUNTY JOHN NDERITU GATHOGO SUPERVISOR: PROF: R. DETERMINATION OF TOXIGENIC FUNGI AND THEIR ASSOCIATED MYCOTOXINS IN MAIZE FROM MERU COUNTY NAME: REG NO: JOHN NDERITU GATHOGO A22/1803/2010 SUPERVISOR: PROF: R.D NARLA INTRODUCTION Maize belongs to gramineae

More information

EAR AND KERNEL ROTS. When to look for: Mid-August to October (and during storage)

EAR AND KERNEL ROTS. When to look for: Mid-August to October (and during storage) EAR AND KERNEL ROTS When to look for: Mid-August to October (and during storage) Reduction in yield and grain quality due to infection by fungi of ears and kernels both during the growing season, and while

More information

Aflatoxins in Malaysian food

Aflatoxins in Malaysian food Mycotoxins Vol. 50, 2000 31 Aflatoxins in Malaysian food Norhayati ALl Introduction Aflatoxins (AF) are carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic. Naturally occurring AF are Class 1 human carcinogens, particularly

More information

Mycotoxin Testing Solutions

Mycotoxin Testing Solutions Mycotoxin Testing Solutions Mycotoxin Testing Solutions DON Fumonisin We Stand Behind Our Results AFLATOXIN is considered by many to be the most potent naturally-occurring carcinogen known. It has been

More information

Aflatoxin B 1 production in chillies (Capsicum annuum L.) kept in cold stores

Aflatoxin B 1 production in chillies (Capsicum annuum L.) kept in cold stores African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 4 (8), pp. 791-795, August 5 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/ajb ISSN 1684 5315 5 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Aflatoxin B 1 production

More information

Mycocheck Survey 2014

Mycocheck Survey 2014 Mycocheck Survey 14 INTRODUCTION Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by moulds that have the capacity to impair animal health and productivity. Contamination of forages and cereals with mycotoxins

More information

Fumonisins are a significant health risk to livestock, and potentially also to humans , B 2

Fumonisins are a significant health risk to livestock, and potentially also to humans , B 2 Food Safety Digest February 2018 REF. No.: WHO/NHM/FOS/RAM/18.2 Department of Food Safety and Zoonoses Fumonisins Fumonisins are a significant health risk to livestock, and potentially also to humans Fumonisins

More information

INCIDENCE OF AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION AND ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN BREAKFAST CEREALS

INCIDENCE OF AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION AND ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN BREAKFAST CEREALS INCIDENCE OF AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION AND ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN BREAKFAST CEREALS Suriya Priya S 1, *Sudha K. 2, Mathangi S.K 3 and Thygarajan D 4 College of Food and Dairy Technology

More information

Effect of Environmental Factors on the Growth of Aspergillus Species Associated with Stored Millet Grains in Sokoto.

Effect of Environmental Factors on the Growth of Aspergillus Species Associated with Stored Millet Grains in Sokoto. Available online at http://www.ajol.info/index.php/njbas/index Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Science (2011), 19(2):218-223 ISSN 0794-5698 ffect of nvironmental Factors on the Growth of Aspergillus

More information

MATERIALS AND METHODS 68

MATERIALS AND METHODS 68 emr00 ACSJCA JCA10.0.1408/W Unicode research.3f (R2.0.i4 HF02:2745 2.0 alpha 36) 2011/11/15 15:21:00 PROD-JCA1 rq_38148 12/19/2011 15:15:15 5 pubs.acs.org/jafc 1 Survey of Mycotoxins in U.S. Distiller

More information

Slaven Zjalić, Department of ecology, agronomy and aquaculture, University of Zadar, Croatia

Slaven Zjalić, Department of ecology, agronomy and aquaculture, University of Zadar, Croatia Slaven Zjalić, Department of ecology, agronomy and aquaculture, University of Zadar, Croatia Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by some moulds Most of mycoxtoxins have no odor and no taste Through

More information

Cotinine (Mouse/Rat) ELISA Kit

Cotinine (Mouse/Rat) ELISA Kit Cotinine (Mouse/Rat) ELISA Kit Catalog Number KA2264 96 assays Version: 03 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Intended Use... 3 Background... 3 Principle

More information

Presence of Aflatoxin M1 in Raw Milk for Human Consumption in Palestine

Presence of Aflatoxin M1 in Raw Milk for Human Consumption in Palestine Article Presence of Aflatoxin M1 in Raw Milk for Human Consumption in Palestine Ibrahim Mahmoud AL ZUHEIR 1 and Jamal Abo OMAR 2 1 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, An Najah National University, Nablus,

More information

ANALYTICAL METHODS IN DETERMINING AFLATOXIN B1 IN FOOD

ANALYTICAL METHODS IN DETERMINING AFLATOXIN B1 IN FOOD 1 International Journal of Advance Research, IJOAR.org Volume 1, Issue 4, April 2013, ISSN 2320-9186 ANALYTICAL METHODS IN DETERMINING AFLATOXIN B1 IN FOOD MATERIALS Melvin Samuel. S * * School of Biosciences

More information

Risk Assessment Studies Report No.5. Chemical Hazards Evaluation AFLATOXIN IN FOODS. April Food and Environmental Hygiene Department HKSAR

Risk Assessment Studies Report No.5. Chemical Hazards Evaluation AFLATOXIN IN FOODS. April Food and Environmental Hygiene Department HKSAR Risk Assessment Studies Report No.5 Chemical Hazards Evaluation AFLATOXIN IN FOODS April 2001 Food and Environmental Hygiene Department HKSAR 1 This is a publication of the Food and Public Health Branch

More information

Journal of Plant Pathology (2009), 91 (2), Edizioni ETS Pisa, AND AFLATOXIN B 1

Journal of Plant Pathology (2009), 91 (2), Edizioni ETS Pisa, AND AFLATOXIN B 1 023_JPP375SCAlakonya_459 25-06-2009 14:03 Pagina 459 Journal of Plant Pathology (2009), 91 (2), 459-464 Edizioni ETS Pisa, 2009 459 SHORT COMMUNICATION FUMONISIN B 1 AND AFLATOXIN B 1 LEVELS IN KENYAN

More information

Stored Grain Toxigenic Fungi

Stored Grain Toxigenic Fungi The linked image cannot be displayed. The file may have been moved, renamed, or deleted. Verify that the link points to the correct file and location. Stored Grain Toxigenic Fungi Barry J. Jacobsen, Robert

More information

Mycogenera of Stored Cereal Grains In Ogbete Main Market, Enugu State, South East Nigeria

Mycogenera of Stored Cereal Grains In Ogbete Main Market, Enugu State, South East Nigeria ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 1 (2015) pp. 875-883 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Mycogenera of Stored Cereal Grains In Ogbete Main Market, Enugu State, South East Nigeria Nwankwo*,

More information

Mycoflora of maize seeds from Novi Pazar

Mycoflora of maize seeds from Novi Pazar RESEARCH PAPER International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR) ISSN: 2223-7054 (Print) 2225-3610 (Online) http://www.innspub.net Vol. 7, No. 3, p. 09-13, 2015 Mycoflora of maize seeds

More information

AFLATOXIN: OCCURRENCE, PREVENTION AND GAPS IN BOTH FOOD AND FEED SAFETY IN NORTH CAROLINA. Jennifer L. Godwin. Food and Feed Administrator

AFLATOXIN: OCCURRENCE, PREVENTION AND GAPS IN BOTH FOOD AND FEED SAFETY IN NORTH CAROLINA. Jennifer L. Godwin. Food and Feed Administrator SAFETY IN NORTH CAROLINA 1 AFLATOXIN: OCCURRENCE, PREVENTION AND GAPS IN BOTH FOOD AND FEED SAFETY IN NORTH CAROLINA Jennifer L. Godwin Food and Feed Administrator North Carolina Department of Agriculture

More information

Procine sphingomyelin ELISA Kit

Procine sphingomyelin ELISA Kit Procine sphingomyelin ELISA Kit For the quantitative in vitro determination of Procine sphingomyelin concentrations in serum - plasma - celiac fluid - tissue homogenate - body fluid FOR LABORATORY RESEARCH

More information

Long term preservation of high moisture grain and maize with a non-corrosive organic acid blend

Long term preservation of high moisture grain and maize with a non-corrosive organic acid blend Long term preservation of high moisture grain and maize with a non-corrosive organic acid blend Christian Lückstädt ADDCON Bonn, Germany Abstract The potential action of organic acids under farm conditions

More information

The Problems of Mycotoxins in Dairy Cattle Rations

The Problems of Mycotoxins in Dairy Cattle Rations Boletim Técnico No. 35 www.micotoxinas.com.br The Problems of Mycotoxins in Dairy Cattle Rations Barney Harris, Jr. and Charles R. Staples 2 University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences

More information

HBeAg and HBeAg Ab ELISA Kit

HBeAg and HBeAg Ab ELISA Kit HBeAg and HBeAg Ab ELISA Kit Catalog Number KA0290 96 assays Version: 17 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Intended Use... 3 Principle of the Assay... 3

More information

Survey of market samples of food grains and grain flour for Aflatoxin B 1 contamination

Survey of market samples of food grains and grain flour for Aflatoxin B 1 contamination ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 2 Number 5 (2013) pp. 184-188 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Survey of market samples of food grains and grain flour for Aflatoxin B 1 contamination Jayaramachandran

More information

International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 7, July ISSN

International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 7, July ISSN International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 7, July-2015 1926 Influence of climate change on Aflatoxin levels of some poultry feeds collected from feed mills in South-Western

More information

Fungi Isolated from Flue-cured Tobacco at Time of Sale and After Storage1

Fungi Isolated from Flue-cured Tobacco at Time of Sale and After Storage1 APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Mar. 1969, p. 360-365 Copyright 1969 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 17, No. 3 Printed in U.S.A. Fungi Isolated from Flue-cured Tobacco at Time of Sale and After Storage1 R.

More information

An integrated approach to mycotoxin testing in the poultry feed chain. Bankok, March 2010

An integrated approach to mycotoxin testing in the poultry feed chain. Bankok, March 2010 An integrated approach to mycotoxin testing in the poultry feed chain Bankok, March 2010 OUTLINE Mycotoxins in poultry feed Integrated testing plan Sampling On-site testing Laboratory testing Mycotoxin

More information

Fusarium species and Deoxynivalenol in maize product of Moqan region

Fusarium species and Deoxynivalenol in maize product of Moqan region DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22092/jaep.2012.107219 Fusarium species and Deoxynivalenol in maize product of Moqan region - - ( : : ) n.aliakbari@gmail.com. -... (DON). Czapek PDA Nash-Snyder CLA PDA. % /

More information

European Commission Fusarium mycotoxins Forum Brussels January 2007

European Commission Fusarium mycotoxins Forum Brussels January 2007 European Commission Fusarium mycotoxins Forum Brussels 15-16 January 2007 Impact of the proposed limits of Fusarium mycotoxins in maize for the starch industry AAF main facts and figures: 24 companies

More information

Mycotoxins Overview and Sampling to Testing

Mycotoxins Overview and Sampling to Testing Mycotoxins Overview and Sampling to Testing Webinar August 3, 2012 John L. Richard, Ph.D. Consultant to Romer Labs, Inc. Early History of Mycotoxins Alsberg and Black, 1913 Described toxicity of mold metabolites

More information

Rat cholesterol ELISA Kit

Rat cholesterol ELISA Kit Rat cholesterol ELISA Kit Catalog No. CSB-E11706r (96T) This immunoassay kit allows for the in vitro quantitative determination of rat Cholesterol concentrations in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.

More information

Aflatoxin Contamination in Foods and Foodstuffs

Aflatoxin Contamination in Foods and Foodstuffs Mycotoxins No. 47, 1998 9 Aflatoxin Contamination in Foods and Foodstuffs Setsuko TABATA Aflatoxin, a metabolic product of Aspergillus flavus and A, parasiticus, is one of the strongest carcinogenic compounds,

More information

Burt Bluhm Department of Plant Pathology University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture

Burt Bluhm Department of Plant Pathology University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture Burt Bluhm Department of Plant Pathology University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture Aspergillus flavus is a fungus that infects corn ears Produces aflatoxin causes cancer, other illnesses in humans

More information

FOOD SAFETY, TOXICOLOGY AND UTILIZATION OF MYCOTOXIN-CONTAMINATED GRAIN

FOOD SAFETY, TOXICOLOGY AND UTILIZATION OF MYCOTOXIN-CONTAMINATED GRAIN FOOD SAFETY, TOXICOLOGY AND UTILIZATION OF MYCOTOXIN-CONTAMINATED GRAIN Section 3: Food Safety, Toxicology, and Utilization of Mycotoxin-contaminated Grain WHEAT KERNEL BLACK POINT AND FUMONISIN CONTAMINATION

More information

EFFICACY AGAINST MOLDS

EFFICACY AGAINST MOLDS 01999 Applied Poultq Science. lac. EFFICACY AGAINST MOLDS OF SEVERAL ORGANIC ACIDS CARRIE HIGGINS and FlUEDHELM BlUNKHAUS' Research & Development Department, Kemin Indusbies, Inc., 2100 Maury Street, Des

More information

MYCOTOXIN PRODUCT LINE MULTI-RESIDUE MYCOTOXIN ANALYSIS PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTOR AUTOMATED SAMPLE CLEAN-UP IMMUNOAFFINITY SAMPLE CLEAN-UP ELISA TEST KITS

MYCOTOXIN PRODUCT LINE MULTI-RESIDUE MYCOTOXIN ANALYSIS PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTOR AUTOMATED SAMPLE CLEAN-UP IMMUNOAFFINITY SAMPLE CLEAN-UP ELISA TEST KITS MULTI-RESIDUE MYCOTOXIN ANALYSIS PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTOR AUTOMATED SAMPLE CLEAN-UP IMMUNOAFFINITY SAMPLE CLEAN-UP ELISA TEST KITS MYCOTOXIN PRODUCT LINE MYCOTOXIN ANALYSIS PRODUCTS CATALYST FOR SUCCESS POST-COLUMN

More information

Aflatoxin: What is it, and why worry? Doug Jardine Professor Kansas State University

Aflatoxin: What is it, and why worry? Doug Jardine Professor Kansas State University Aflatoxin: What is it, and why worry? Doug Jardine Professor Kansas State University Aflatoxin facts Aflatoxins are metabolic products produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus and several other species

More information

MYCOTOXINS COMMONLY FOUND IN IOWA

MYCOTOXINS COMMONLY FOUND IN IOWA MYCOTOXINS COMMONLY FOUND IN IOWA The purpose of this paper is to provide information about mycotoxins commonly found in Iowa, including their sources, conditions favoring production, health effects, and

More information

Mycoflora epidemiology in postharvest maize along different actors in Jimma Zone, SW Ethiopia: Implication for Mycotoxins producing fungi management

Mycoflora epidemiology in postharvest maize along different actors in Jimma Zone, SW Ethiopia: Implication for Mycotoxins producing fungi management + Mycoflora epidemiology in postharvest maize along different actors in Jimma Zone, SW Ethiopia: Implication for Mycotoxins producing fungi management 1 st African Symposium on Mycotoxicology Livingstone,

More information

DRG International, Inc., USA Fax: (908)

DRG International, Inc., USA Fax: (908) Please use only the valid version of the package insert provided with the kit. 1 INTENDED USE The human Annexin V ELISA is an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for determination of human Annexin V. The

More information

DOI: /v

DOI: /v P L A N T B R E E D I N G A N D S E E D S C I E N C E Volume 63 2011 DOI: 10.2478/v10129-011-0021-2 Vesna Krnjaja 1, Jelena Lević 2, Slavica Stanković 2, Zorica Bijelić 1 1 Institute for Animal Husbandry,

More information

Reagent Set DAS ELISA, Alkaline phosphatase label SRA 22001, SRA 23203, SRA 27703, SRA & SRA ToRSV, ArMV, GFLV, AnFBV and PDV

Reagent Set DAS ELISA, Alkaline phosphatase label SRA 22001, SRA 23203, SRA 27703, SRA & SRA ToRSV, ArMV, GFLV, AnFBV and PDV List of contents Lot number Reagent Set Item 96 wells 500 wells 1000 wells 5000 wells Capture antibody 0.150 ml 0.275 ml 0.525 ml 2.525 ml Alkaline phosphatase enzyme conjugate 0.150 ml 0.275 ml 0.525

More information

FOOD SAFETY SUMMIT AFRICA CONFERENCE & EXPO

FOOD SAFETY SUMMIT AFRICA CONFERENCE & EXPO FOOD SAFETY SUMMIT AFRICA CONFERENCE & EXPO STATHMORE UNIVERSITY KENYA 28-29, MAY 2015 1/20 AFLATOXIN RISK MANAGEMENT Key Lessons from Corn Wet Milling Experience in Kenya BY THOMAS O. OCHIENG 2/20 Career

More information

Genetic Enhancement of Groundnut for Resistance to Aflatoxin Contamination

Genetic Enhancement of Groundnut for Resistance to Aflatoxin Contamination Genetic Enhancement of Groundnut for Resistance to Aflatoxin Contamination Hari D Upadhyaya and F Waliyar ICRISAT Breakout session 4 On Food Safety Science Forum nutrition and health outcomes: targets

More information

MYCOTOXIN PREVENTION CLUSTER

MYCOTOXIN PREVENTION CLUSTER MYCOTOXIN PREVENTION CLUSTER Co-ordinator Prof. Naresh Magan Applied Mycology Group, Biotechnology Centre, Cranfield University, Silsoe, Bedford, UK MK45 4DT www.mycotoxin-prevention.com BACKGROUND 1 Evidence

More information

FINAL DRAFT EAST AFRICAN STANDARD

FINAL DRAFT EAST AFRICAN STANDARD FINAL DRAFT EAST AFRICAN STANDARD Milled maize (corn) products Specification EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY ICS 67.060 EAC 2011 Second Edition 2011 Foreword Development of the East African Standards has been necessitated

More information

Removal of Mycotoxins during Food Processing

Removal of Mycotoxins during Food Processing 88 Removal of Mycotoxins during Food Processing Hisashi Kamimura Abstract In order to learn whether there might be a risk to human health from the intake of mycotoxins contaminating agricultural products,

More information

PVY Reagent Set Compound ELISA, Alkaline phosphatase label Potato virus Y Catalog number: SRA 20001

PVY Reagent Set Compound ELISA, Alkaline phosphatase label Potato virus Y Catalog number: SRA 20001 List of contents Lot number PVY Reagent Set Item 96 wells 500 wells 1000 wells 5000 wells Capture antibody 0.150 ml 0.275 ml 0.525 ml 2.525 ml Detection antibody, bottle A 0.150 ml 0.275 ml 0.525 ml 2.525

More information

Mycotoxin toxicity to animals

Mycotoxin toxicity to animals Page 1 of 5 Technical Note 06 Mycotoxin toxicity to animals Disclaimer Most inquiries about mycotoxins concern incidents of the poisoning of farm animals, often very expensive breeds. The toxicological

More information

Report and Opinion 2016;8(2)

Report and Opinion 2016;8(2) Survey of Mycoflora Associated with Dried Bonga Fish (Ethmalosa frimbriata) During Storage Oyedeji, Funmilayo Nike Department of Biology, Federal Capital Territory College of Education, P.M.B. 61, Abuja,

More information

9( )- Hydroxyoctadecadienoic Acid ELISA

9( )- Hydroxyoctadecadienoic Acid ELISA Package Insert 9( )- Hydroxyoctadecadienoic Acid ELISA 96 Wells For Research Use Only v. 1.0 Eagle Biosciences, Inc. 82 Broad Street, Suite 383, Boston, MA 02110 Phone: 866-419-2019 Fax: 617-419-1110 INTRODUCTION

More information

Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) Reagent Set DAS ELISA, Alkaline phosphatase label Catalog number: SRA List of contents

Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) Reagent Set DAS ELISA, Alkaline phosphatase label Catalog number: SRA List of contents Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) Reagent Set List of contents Lot number Item 96 wells 500 wells 1000 wells 5000 wells Capture antibody 0.150 ml 0.275 ml 0.525 ml 2.525 ml Alkaline phosphatase enzyme conjugate

More information

Microbial load and prevalence of pathogens on surface of fresh vegetables in local market yards across Junagadh district of Gujarat

Microbial load and prevalence of pathogens on surface of fresh vegetables in local market yards across Junagadh district of Gujarat International Journal of Plant Protection Volume 5 Issue 1 April, 2012 84-88 Research Article IJPP Microbial load and prevalence of pathogens on surface of fresh vegetables in local market yards across

More information

Reagent Set DAS ELISA, Alkaline phosphatase label

Reagent Set DAS ELISA, Alkaline phosphatase label List of contents Lot number Item 96 wells 500 wells 1000 wells 5000 wells Capture antibody 0.150 ml 0.275 ml 0.525 ml 2.525 ml Alkaline phosphatase enzyme conjugate 0.150 ml 0.275 ml 0.525 ml 2.525 ml

More information

Ralstonia solanacearum PathoScreen Kit DAS ELISA, peroxidase label Catalog number: PSP 33900

Ralstonia solanacearum PathoScreen Kit DAS ELISA, peroxidase label Catalog number: PSP 33900 List of contents Ralstonia solanacearum PathoScreen Kit Lot number Item 96 wells 288 wells 480 wells Antibody coated 96-well microtiter plates 1 3 5 Peroxidase enzyme conjugate, ready to use 11 ml 33 ml

More information

Aflatoxin Material Properties

Aflatoxin Material Properties Aflatoxin Material Properties Aflatoxin is a kind of mycotoxin that was discovered from the mass poisoning of turkeys in UK in 1960, and has strong carcinogenicity. The typical mold that produces this

More information

Draft of Sanitation Standards for General Foods

Draft of Sanitation Standards for General Foods Draft of Sanitation Standards for General Foods 17 and the second paragraph of 5 of the Act Governing Food Safety and Sanitation (herein referred to as "this Act"). For foods which have their own sanitation

More information

Recipes for Media and Solution Preparation SC-ura/Glucose Agar Dishes (20mL/dish, enough for 8 clones)

Recipes for Media and Solution Preparation SC-ura/Glucose Agar Dishes (20mL/dish, enough for 8 clones) Protocol: 300 ml Yeast culture preparation Equipment and Reagents needed: Autoclaved toothpicks Shaker Incubator set at 30 C Incubator set at 30 C 60 mm 2 sterile petri dishes Autoclaved glass test tubes

More information

Hosta virus X ELISA KIT

Hosta virus X ELISA KIT Hosta virus X ELISA KIT Cat. No.:DEIA9256 Pkg.Size:96T Intended use The Hosta virus X ELISA KIT is used to detect HVX in both leaves and roots of hosta plants. Reagents And Materials Provided 1. Capture

More information

Forest Pest Management SD14 M CI Report 87-12

Forest Pest Management SD14 M CI Report 87-12 Forest Pest Management SD14 M CI Report 87-12 A-3 27._ 3450 December 1987 MI)RTALITY OF BAREROOT COLORADO BLUE SPRUCE SEEDLINGS MONTANA STATE NURSERY, MISSOULA by R. L. James, Plant Pathologist INTRODUCTION

More information

Rat IL-2 ELISA Kit. Instructions for use. For research use only. Fast Track Your Research.

Rat IL-2 ELISA Kit. Instructions for use. For research use only. Fast Track Your Research. Rat IL-2 ELISA Kit Instructions for use Catalogue numbers: 1x96 tests: 670.100.096 2x96 tests: 670.100.192 For research use only Fast Track Your Research. Table of Contents 1. Intended use 2 2. Introduction

More information

International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences and Technology

International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences and Technology Int. J. Pure Appl. Sci. Technol., 5(1) (2011), pp. 16-24 International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences and Technology ISSN 2229-6107 Available online at www.ijopaasat.in Research Paper Isolation and

More information

Natural Occurrence of Toxigenic Fungi Species and Aflatoxin in Freshly Harvested Groundnut Kernels in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

Natural Occurrence of Toxigenic Fungi Species and Aflatoxin in Freshly Harvested Groundnut Kernels in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia JOURNAL OF THE DRYLANDS 5 (1): 377-384, 2012 Natural Occurrence of Toxigenic Fungi Species and Aflatoxin in Freshly Harvested Groundnut Kernels in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia Dereje Assefa 1*, Muez Teare

More information

Hepatitis A virus IgM ELISA Kit

Hepatitis A virus IgM ELISA Kit Hepatitis A virus IgM ELISA Kit Catalog Number KA0285 96 assays Version: 04 Intended for research use only www.abnova.com Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Intended Use... 3 Background... 3 Principle

More information

Aflatoxins pose a serious health risk to humans and livestock

Aflatoxins pose a serious health risk to humans and livestock Food Safety Digest February 2018 REF. No.: WHO/NHM/FOS/RAM/18.1 Department of Food Safety and Zoonoses Aflatoxins Aflatoxins pose a serious health risk to humans and livestock Aflatoxins are poisonous

More information

Human TSH ELISA Kit. User Manual

Human TSH ELISA Kit. User Manual Human TSH ELISA Kit User Manual Catalog number: GTX15585 GeneTex Table of Contents A. Product Description... 2 B. Kit Components... 3 C. Additional Required Materials (not included)... 3 D. Reagent Preparation...

More information

ANTAGONISTIC EFFECT OF THREE FUNGAL ISOLATES TO AFLATOXIN-PRODUCING^spergiY/HS/JavHS

ANTAGONISTIC EFFECT OF THREE FUNGAL ISOLATES TO AFLATOXIN-PRODUCING^spergiY/HS/JavHS BIOTROPIA NO. 21, 2003 : 19-31 ANTAGONISTIC EFFECT OF THREE FUNGAL ISOLATES TO AFLATOXIN-PRODUCING^spergiY/HS/JavHS OKKY SETYAWATI DHARMAPUTRA SEAMED BIOTROP, P.O. BOX 116, Bogor, Indonesia and Faculty

More information

Bioprospecting of Neem for Antimicrobial Activity against Soil Microbes

Bioprospecting of Neem for Antimicrobial Activity against Soil Microbes ISSN: 2454-132X Impact factor: 4.295 (Volume3, Issue1) Available online at: www.ijariit.com Bioprospecting of Neem for Antimicrobial Activity against Soil Microbes R. Prasanna PRIST University, Tamilnadu

More information

VALIDATED HPTLC METHOD FOR AFLATOXIN B1 DETECTION IN FEED INGREDIENT AND FEED SAMPLES

VALIDATED HPTLC METHOD FOR AFLATOXIN B1 DETECTION IN FEED INGREDIENT AND FEED SAMPLES VALIDATED HPTLC METHOD FOR AFLATOXIN B1 DETECTION IN FEED INGREDIENT AND FEED SAMPLES J. Ramesh*, Ghadevaru Sarath Chandra and V. Suresh Kumar Pharmacovigilance Laboratory for Animal Feed and Food Safety,

More information

Comparative study of aflatoxins in brown rice samples of local and import quality

Comparative study of aflatoxins in brown rice samples of local and import quality International Food Research Journal 23(1): 243-247 (2016) Journal homepage: http://www.ifrj.upm.edu.my Comparative study of aflatoxins in brown rice samples of local and import quality 1* Nisa A. 2 Zahra

More information

Morinaga Mouse C-peptide ELISA Kit

Morinaga Mouse C-peptide ELISA Kit Morinaga Mouse C-peptide ELISA Kit For the quantitative determination of C-peptide in mouse serum, plasma, and fluid 96wells For Laboratory Use Only, not for use in diagnostic procedure Please read full

More information

Fusaria and Fusarium mycotoxins in leaves and ears of maize plants 2. A time course study made in the Waikato region, New Zealand, in 1997

Fusaria and Fusarium mycotoxins in leaves and ears of maize plants 2. A time course study made in the Waikato region, New Zealand, in 1997 New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science ISSN: 0114-0671 (Print) 1175-8783 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tnzc20 Fusaria and Fusarium mycotoxins in leaves and ears

More information

Ochratoxin A In Freshly Harvested and Stored Durum and Hard Red Spring Wheat

Ochratoxin A In Freshly Harvested and Stored Durum and Hard Red Spring Wheat Ochratoxin A In Freshly Harvested and Stored Durum and Hard Red Spring Wheat Julie Kuruc, Ph.D. Candidate NDSU Great Plains Institute of Food Safety February 12, 2013 Outline Background Objectives Results

More information

TECHNICAL BULLETIN. Catalog Number RAB0447 Storage Temperature 20 C

TECHNICAL BULLETIN. Catalog Number RAB0447 Storage Temperature 20 C Phospho-Stat3 (ptyr 705 ) and pan-stat3 ELISA Kit for detection of human, mouse, or rat phospho-stat3 (ptyr 705 ) and pan-stat3 in cell and tissue lysates Catalog Number RAB0447 Storage Temperature 20

More information

European Commission Fusarium mycotoxins Forum Brussels 9 10 February Update on Fusarium mycotoxins - data from the starch industry

European Commission Fusarium mycotoxins Forum Brussels 9 10 February Update on Fusarium mycotoxins - data from the starch industry European Commission Fusarium mycotoxins Forum Brussels 9 10 February 2009 Update on Fusarium mycotoxins - data from the starch industry 1 Outline presentation 1. The European Starch Industry 2. Data on

More information

Survival of Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacteria in

Survival of Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacteria in APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Mar. 1968, p. 445-449 Copyright 1968 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 16, No. 3 Printed in U.S.A. Survival of Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacteria in Chicken Meat During Freeze-Dehydration,

More information

AgraQuant Histamine Assay ( ppb)

AgraQuant Histamine Assay ( ppb) AgraQuant Histamine Assay (0.5 50 ppb) Order #: COKAL0500 Intended Use The AgraQuant Histamine Assay is an indirect competitive enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that determines a quantitative level

More information

Aac Reagent Set ELISA for the detection of Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli Catalog number: SRA 14800

Aac Reagent Set ELISA for the detection of Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli Catalog number: SRA 14800 List of contents Lot number Aac Reagent Set Item 96 wells 500 wells 1000 wells 5000 wells Capture antibody 0.150 ml 0.275 ml 0.525 ml 2.525 ml Alkaline phosphatase enzyme conjugate 0.150 ml 0.275 ml 0.525

More information

In Vitro Culture of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz): Assessment of Cassava Starch from Different Varieties as Gelling Agent in Culture Medium

In Vitro Culture of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz): Assessment of Cassava Starch from Different Varieties as Gelling Agent in Culture Medium International Journal of Applied Agricultural Research ISSN 0973-2683 Volume 4 Number 3 (2009) pp. 261 266 Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com/ijaar.htm In Vitro Culture of Cassava

More information

Mycotoxin production by fungi isolated from commercially prepared livestock feed in Kerala

Mycotoxin production by fungi isolated from commercially prepared livestock feed in Kerala 2016; 2(5): 154-159 ISSN Print: 2394-7500 ISSN Online: 2394-5869 Impact Factor: 5.2 IJAR 2016; 2(5): 154-159 www.allresearchjournal.com Received: 03-03-2016 Accepted: 04-04-2016 Stefi Raju V Department

More information

Possible climate change impact on occurrence of Aspergillus flavus on spelt wheat in Serbia

Possible climate change impact on occurrence of Aspergillus flavus on spelt wheat in Serbia Possible climate change impact on occurrence of Aspergillus flavus on spelt wheat in Serbia Jelena KRULJ * * University of Novi Sad, Institute of Food Technology, 21000 Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1,

More information

TECHNICAL BULLETIN. Phospho-Akt (pser 473 ) ELISA Kit for detection of human, mouse, or rat phospho-akt (pser 473 ) in cell and tissue lysates

TECHNICAL BULLETIN. Phospho-Akt (pser 473 ) ELISA Kit for detection of human, mouse, or rat phospho-akt (pser 473 ) in cell and tissue lysates Phospho-Akt (pser 473 ) ELISA Kit for detection of human, mouse, or rat phospho-akt (pser 473 ) in cell and tissue lysates Catalog Number RAB0011 Storage Temperature 20 C TECHNICAL BULLETIN Product Description

More information

Estrone EIA kit. For the quantitative determination of estrone in dried fecal extracts, urine and tissue culture media. Cat. No.

Estrone EIA kit. For the quantitative determination of estrone in dried fecal extracts, urine and tissue culture media. Cat. No. K-ASSAY KAMIYA BIOMEDICAL COMPANY KAMIYA BIOMEDICAL COMPANY Estrone EIA kit For the quantitative determination of estrone in dried fecal extracts, urine and tissue culture media Cat. No. KT-720 For Research

More information

L. R. BEUCHAT. Department of Food Science, University of Georgia Agricultural Experiment Station, Experiment, Georgia 30212

L. R. BEUCHAT. Department of Food Science, University of Georgia Agricultural Experiment Station, Experiment, Georgia 30212 512 Journal of Food Protection, Vol. 47, No. 7, Pages 512-519 (July 1984) Copyright*', International Association of Milk, Food, and Environmental Sanitarians Comparison of Aspergillus Differential Medium

More information

MOULDS ASSOCIATED WITH MILK DEPENDING ON MACROCLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION

MOULDS ASSOCIATED WITH MILK DEPENDING ON MACROCLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION - 61 - MOULDS ASSOCIATED WITH MILK DEPENDING ON MACROCLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION D. PEŠIĆ-MIKULEC 1, * L. STOJANOVIĆ 2 L. JOVANOVIĆ 3 1 Veterinary Research Institute Belgrade, Serbia, Yugoslavia

More information