THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM. Unit 3: Transportation and Respiration

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1 THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Unit 3: Transportation and Respiration

2 Introduction The circulatory system, also called the cardiovascular system, is an organ system that allows blood to flow to all the cells in the body.

3 Introduction Blood transports to the cells all the materials necessary for life, like blood, nutrients, oxygen and hormones regardless of how far they are from the heart and lungs. The blood also carries carbon dioxide and other waste products away from the cells.

4 The main components include: The heart Blood Vessels

5 BLOOD COMPONENTS

The Components of Blood Blood is the fluid component of the circulatory system that allows for the transportation of materials around the body.

6 The Components of Blood Blood is the fluid component of the circulatory system that allows for the transportation of materials around the body. Blood contains a collection of cells that have been specialized to perform a particular set of tasks within an organism and a yellowish fluid called. plasma

7 The average human adult has about 5 liters of blood, making up about 7 % of their body weight.

8 Blood is the most commonly tested part of the human body. From as little as one teaspoon of blood, a lot of information can be obtained about your health such as how well certain organs are working or if you have certain or other health conditions. diseases

9 3 Major Functions Transportation 1. nutrients, oxygen, hormones, carbon dioxide, waste Regulation 2. hormones, temperature, ph Protection 3. blood clotting, defense against disease

10 Why are blood tests important?

11 Blood Components

12 Plasma

13 (Erythrocytes) Red blood cells

14 (Leukocytes) White blood cells

15 (Thrombocytes) Platelets

16 Blood Components Blood consists of two major components: The fluid portion is called plasma The solid portion is made up of different kinds of cells

17 Plasma A yellowish liquid (About 90% ) water The blood cells are suspended (float) in the plasma. Different, proteins, vitamins, hormones, nutrients and cellular waste are dissolved in the plasma.

18 Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells) Biconcave disk (increases surface area) Red in colour. No nucleus (more space for hemoglobin)

oxygen The red blood cells absorb oxygen and then

19 Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells) Produced in the bone marrow Contain, hemoglobin a protein which binds to. oxygen The red blood cells absorb oxygen and then transport it to the rest of your body. Contains iron

20 All blood cells are made in the bone marrow. This is the soft, spongy tissue found in the center of the large bones.

21 Red Blood Cells The appearance of normal circulating blood is relatively uniform with little variation in size and shape. Red blood cells will have an area of paleness in the center, which is approximately one-third the diameter of the cell.

22 Quick Research What is anemia?

23 Anemia Iron-deficiency anemia is indicated by red blood cells that are paler and of a smaller size than normal.

24 Sickle-Cell Anemia Blood smear; arrows indicate sickled cells.

25 Leukocytes (White Blood Cells) Colourless cells, larger than RBC Has a nucleus, can reproduce, generated in bone marrow

26 Blood Smear Normal blood smear. The four larger cells shown are a type of white blood cell.

27 Leucocytes (White Blood Cells) Important component of the immune system (helps fight disease and infection), only 1% of total blood volume but may double when fighting infection

28 Leucocytes (White Blood Cells) 1. Macrophages surround and destroy pathogens (things that aren t supposed to be in your body like bacteria, viruses and germs).

29 Leucocytes (White Blood Cells) 2. Lymphocytes part of the body s immune response. Enables the body to recognize and fend off pathogens.

30 Quick Research What is leukemia?

31 Platelets (Thrombocytes) Not actually cells but pieces of cells created when large cells in the bone marrow break apart Like red blood cells, they do not have a nucleus.

32 Compare and Contrast

33 Platelets are also involved in blood clotting. They change from being smooth (like a plate) to spiky to help plug the leak in the blood vessel. If your number of platelets is too low, excessive bleeding can occur.

34 Blood Clotting AKA: Coagulation= the thickening of blood to form a clot. Prevents blood loss. 1. A blood vessel is broken (injury). 2. Platelets become sticky and plug the hole.

35 Blood Clotting 3. Clotting factors (proteins) in the blood plasma form fibrin, a stringy tissue that creates a web to hold the platelets and clotting factors together, creating a blood clot. 4. Other cells get caught in the web to help reinforce the clot. The clot stays in the hole until the tissue is repaired.

36 Blood Clots Fibrin forms a mesh of strands around the injury to hold the plug in place and heal the wound. A dry clot on the skin s surface is called a scab. It is made out of blood, platelets and fibrin.

37 Blood Clots Two factors prevent clots from forming inside uninjured blood vessels: 1. The smoothness of the inner wall of the vessels 2. Anticoagulants= substance in the blood that stops coagulation

38 Quick Research What is hemophilia?

40 Blood Clots Hemophilia Hereditary disease Lack one of the clotting factors Sufferers will bleed severely from even the slightest injury

41 Blood Disorders Anemia condition where the person has too few RBC or insufficient hemoglobin Lowers amount of oxygen carried in the blood Can be treated by eating iron-rich food or by injecting vitamin B12. Sickle-cell Anemia a hereditary disorder caused by the abnormal form of hemoglobin Leukemia Cancer of the cells that produce WBC

42 Plasma

43 (Erythrocytes) Red blood cells

44 (Leukocytes) White blood cells

45 (Thrombocytes) Platelets

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