Thin Film PV Technologies CIGS PV Technology

Transcription

1 Thin Film PV Technologies CIGS PV Technology Week 5.3 Arno Smets

2 CIGS NiA1 MgF 2 TCO (ZnO:Al) TCO (intrinsic ZnO) CdS (n-type) CuInSe 2 (p-type) Mo Glass

3 CIGS IV- semiconductors: III- V semiconductors: II- VI semiconductors Rn Xe Kr Ar Ne He At I Br Cl F Po Te Se S O Bi Sb As P N Pb Sn Ge Si C Tl In Ga Al B Hg Cd Zn Au Ag Cu VlllA VllA VlA VA lva lllva llb lb (222) (210) (210)

4 CIGS IV- semiconductors: III- V semiconductors: II- VI semiconductors VlllA lllva 5 B lva C VA N VlA O VllA F He Ne CuInSe 2 E gap = 1.0 ev 29 lb Cu llb Zn Al Ga Si Ge P As S Se Cl Br Ar Kr Ag Au Cd Hg In Tl Sn Pb Sb Bi Te Po (210) I At (210) Xe Rn (222)

5 CIGS IV- semiconductors: III- V semiconductors: II- VI semiconductors VlllA lllva 5 B lva C VA N VlA O VllA F He Ne CuInSe 2 E gap = 1.0 ev CuInS 2 E gap = 1.5 ev 29 lb Cu llb Zn Al Ga Si Ge P As S Se Cl Br Ar Kr Ag Au Cd Hg In Tl Sn Pb Sb Bi Te Po (210) I At (210) Xe Rn (222)

6 CIGS IV- semiconductors: III- V semiconductors: II- VI semiconductors VlllA 29 lb Cu llb Zn lllva B Al Ga lva C Si Ge VA N P As VlA O S Se VllA F Cl Br He Ne Ar Kr CuInSe 2 E gap = 1.0 ev CuInS 2 E gap = 1.5 ev CuGaSe 2 E gap = 1.7 ev Ag Au Cd Hg In Tl Sn Pb Sb Bi Te Po (210) I At (210) Xe Rn (222)

7 CIGS Chen and Gong, PRB 75, (2007)

8 CIGS CIS: CuInSe 2 E gap = 1.0 ev Chen and Gong, PRB 75, (2007)

9 CIGS CIS: CuInSe 2 E gap = 1.0 ev CuIn x Ga 1- x Se 2 E gap = 1.5 ev Chen and Gong, PRB 75, (2007)

10 CIGS CIS: CuInSe 2 E gap = 1.0 ev CuIn x Ga 1- x Se 2 E gap = 1.5 ev x=0 CuGaSe 2 E gap = 1.7 ev Chen and Gong, PRB 75, (2007)

11 CIGS CIS: CuInSe 2 E gap = 1.0 ev CuIn x Ga 1- x Se 2 E gap = 1.5 ev x=0 CuGaSe 2 E gap = 1.7 ev x=1 CuInSe 2 E gap = 1.0 ev Chen and Gong, PRB 75, (2007)

12 CIGS P- type Cu deficiencies Chen and Gong, PRB 75, (2007)

13 CIGS solar cell Glass

14 CIGS solar cell Mo Glass

15 CIGS solar cell P- type CIGS Mo Glass

16 CIGS solar cell CdS Buffer P- type CIGS Mo Glass

17 CIGS solar cell i- ZnO CdS Buffer P- type CIGS Mo Glass

18 CIGS solar cell Al- ZnO i- ZnO CdS Buffer P- type CIGS Mo Glass

19 CI(G)S solar cell band diagram n-zno ZnO i-zno CdS 2.5 ev CIGS E F 1.1 ev E c E v 3.3 ev

20 CIGS solar cell n- type CIGS Cu(InGa) 3 Se 5 Al- ZnO i- ZnO CdS Buffer P- type CIGS Mo Glass

21 Role Sodium in CIGS solar cells Al- ZnO i- ZnO CdS Buffer P- type CIGS Mo Glass

22 SpuCering deposidon Co- evaporadon material vapour target material substrate electron beam to vacuum pump

23 Processing CIGS solar cells 1 Mo Cu,Ga,In,Se CdS ZnO

24 Processing CIGS solar cells 1 Mo Cu,Ga,In,Se CdS ZnO 2

25 Processing CIGS solar cells 1 Mo Cu,Ga,In,Se CdS ZnO 2 3

26 Labscale CIGS solar cells Glass NREL: Eff = 19.9 % Voc ~ 700 mv J sc ~ macm - 2 FF = 81 %

27 Labscale CIGS solar cells Glass NREL: Eff = 19.9 % Voc ~ 700 mv J sc ~ macm - 2 FF = 81 % Flexible SFL- MS: Eff: 20.4 %

28 Mo back contact glass substrate

29 Mo back contact glass substrate CdS buffer layer CI(G)S absorber Mo back contact glass substrate

30 Mo back contact glass substrate CdS buffer layer CI(G)S absorber Mo back contact glass substrate i-zno/n-zno:al window CdS buffer layer CI(G)S absorber Mo back contact glass substrate

31 Module Efficiency aperture area

32 Module Efficiency aperture area total module area

33 10 9 Abundance, atoms of element per 10 6 atoms of Si H Li C B Bc O Si Ai Na F N Rock-forming elements Mg K P S Cl Ca Fe Ti Mn Cu Zn Rb V Cr Ga Sc Co Ni As Y Ge Br Se Sr Zr Nb Mo Ag Ru Cd Rh In Pd Te Ba Cs Sb Il I Rare earth elements Co Nd Gd La Sm Pr Eu Tb Ho Im Rarest metals I Dy Er Hi Yb Ia W Re Os Ir Hg Ti Pt Pb Au Bi Th U

34 CZTS (CuZnSnS) IV- semiconductors: III- V semiconductors: II- VI semiconductors Rn Xe Kr Ar Ne He At I Br Cl F Po Te Se S O Bi Sb As P N Pb Sn Ge Si C Tl In Ga Al B Hg Cd Zn Au Ag Cu VlllA VllA VlA VA lva lllva llb lb (222) (210) (210) CuZnSnS