Veterinary Science Preparatory Training for the Veterinary Assistant. Floron C. Faries, Jr., DVM, MS

Transcription

1 Veterinary Science Preparatory Training for the Veterinary Assistant Floron C. Faries, Jr., DVM, MS

2 Nutrition & Management of Livestock Floron C. Faries, Jr., DVM, MS

3 Objectives Discuss sources of forages, concentrates and supplements Discuss the reasons for feeding concentrates and supplements Discuss feeding recommendations that enhance the health of livestock Discuss feeding recommendations that enhance production and reproduction of livestock

4 Forages Roughages: needed for maintenance Normal diet High fiber Low energy Grasses Bermuda Timothy Buffalo Johnson Grain plants Wheat Oats Ryegrass Sorghum Legumes Alfalfa Clover Vetch Soybeans

5 Concentrates Low in fiber High in carbohydrates (starches) High digestibility High energy 40-60% more energy than forages Grains Corn Oats Sorghum Rice Wheat Millet Not needed for maintenance Needed for work, growth, lactation, cold weather

6 Supplements Not needed for maintenance Additional protein, energy, minerals, vitamins for work, growth, pregnancy, lactation Mixed in concentrates or Fed free-choice Protein increases roughage intake Protein nitrogen increases microbes Protein SBM, CSM, urea, chicken litter Energy Molasses, fat, oil Minerals Mineral/salt mix, mineral/salt block Vitamins Vitamin mix

7 Nutrition Management: to enhance health, increase production Proper nutrition: feed and water Aids in prevention of diseases Infectious: viruses, bacteria, parasites Non-infectious: dietary deficiencies, digestive and reproductive disorders Improper nutrition: inadequate, malnutrition, starvation Weight loss Reduced weight gain, growth, milk Increased susceptibility to infectious diseases Increased susceptibility to non-infectious diseases Death

8 Ruminants Hay/Grass Normal Diet Protein and Energy Normal Digestion Bulk, Long Fiber Microbes Rumen Motility Rumen Chewing Saliva, Satisfaction Chewing Cud Appetite

9 Cattle Diet April August (5 mos) Summer Pastures September March (7 mos) Winter Pastures Hay Supplements

10 Feeding Hay Plenty/Good Hay Protein/Energy Provided Plenty/Poor Hay Protein Def. Protein Suppl. increases appetite for hay Not eating enough poor hay leads to energy def.

11 Feeding Hay Short/Good Hay Energy Def. Energy Suppl. Short/Poor Hay Protein/Energy Def. Protein/Energy Suppl.

12 Feeding Hay/Supplements Hay/Protein Suppl. CS Meal, 40% Cubes, Syrup, Blocks, Broiler Litter Hay/Energy Suppl. Grain Hay/Protein/Energy Suppl. Whole CS, Range Meal, 20% Cubes, Broiler Litter + Grain

13 Too late in feeding supplements Lose wt., lose cud Thin, bottle jaw Weak, abortion, downer Black stacked manure, profuse diarrhea

14 Won t eat hay - Protein def. Won t eat protein suppl. Will eat grain Need amino acids oral/iv

15 Won t eat grain - Energy def. Will eat hay, protein suppl. Need glucose IV

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17 Horses Hay/Grass Ration Normal Diet Nutrition Protein, Energy Normal Digestion Bulk, Long Fiber Microbes Motility Chewing Salivation

18 Grain Ration Adult Idle Pregnant Mare Lactating Mare Weanling Yearling Idle Two Year Old Idle

19 SUMMER Sweet Feed 45% Oats 45% Bran 10% WINTER Sweet Feed 90% Bran 10%

20 Grain Ration Adult Work Yearling Training Two Year Old Training Stallion In Breeding

21 SUMMER Sweet Feed 45% Oats 35% Bran 10% Corn 10% WINTER Sweet Feed 80% Bran 10% Corn 10%

22 Class %Protein #Grain/100# BW #Hay/100# BW Pasture Only Adult-Idle 10 X Adult-Light Work (1-3 hrs/day) Adult-Medium Work (3-5 hrs/day) Adult-Hard Work (5-8 hrs/day)

23 Class %Protein #Grain/100# BW #Hay/100# BW Pasture Only Pregnant Mare (Last 3 mos) Lactating Mare Lactating Mare (Peak 2-3 mos after foaling)

24 Class %Protein #Grain/100# BW #Hay/100# BW Pasture Only Nursing Foal Weanling Yearling-Idle Yearling-Training Year 0ld-ldle Year 0ld-Training Stallion (In breeding)

25 Swine - Concentrates Do not need as much fiber Concentrate rations High-energy corn Protein grains