CHAPTER 1: THE HUMAN BODY A & P 8/20/13
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1 CHAPTER 1: THE HUMAN BODY A & P 8/20/13
2 ANATOMY The study of the Structure and Shapes of the body and their relationships to one another. Gross Anatomy: The study of large easily observable structures of the body. example: Bones and Liver Microscopic Anatomy: The study of very small structures that require the naked eye to be aided
3 PHYSIOLOGY The study of how the body parts work or the Function of the body parts. Neurophysiology- functions of the nervous system Cardiac physiology- functions of the heart
4 STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION Starts with the simplest and becomes complex Atoms Molecules Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Organism
5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM The external covering of the body, or skin. Waterproofs the body and cushions and protects the deeper tissues and organs from harm. Excretes salts and urea to help regulate body temperature and pressure Houses pain receptors to alert us of what is happening on body surface.
6 SKELETAL SYSTEM Consists of bones, cartilages, ligaments and joints. Supports the body and provides framework for the muscles to produce movement. Also serves as a protective barrier for our most vital organs Brain, heart Stores minerals
7 MUSCULAR SYSTEM Simply provide movement by contracting muscles.
8 NERVOUS SYSTEM Fastest acting control system. Brain Spinal cord Nerves And sensory receptors
9 ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Controls the bodies activities, but slower than the nervous system. Endocrine glands produce chemicals called hormones that use the blood stream to get to specific organs
10 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM The heart and the blood vessels Use blood as the transporting fluid to carry substances like oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other important substances to and from tissues cells where exchanges are made.
11 LYMPHATIC SYSTEM Complementary to that of cardiac system. Includes lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and other lymphoid organs such as spleen and tonsils.
12 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Keep the body consistently supplied with oxygen
13 DIGESTIVE SYSTEM A tube running through the body from the mouth to the anus. Break down food and deliver the products to the blood for dispersal to the body cells
14 URINARY SYSTEM Remove the nitrogen-containing waste from the blood and flushes them from the body in urine.
15 REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Exists to produce offspring.
16 WORDPRESS
17 NECESSARY LIFE FUNCTIONS Maintaining Boundaries Movement Responsiveness (irritability) Digestion Metabolism Excretion Reproduction Growth
18 MUST HAVE TO SURVIVE Nutrients Chemical energy Oxygen Required for chemical reactions to release energy from foods 20% of air we breath is oxygen Water 60-80% of body weight Body Temperature 98.6 Degree F Atmospheric Pressure Exchange of O and CO 2 Cellular Metabolism at high altitudes
19 HOMEOSTASIS The bodies ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world is continuously changing. Nervous and Endocrine Systems Receptor: Send information Control Center: analyzes information and determines response Effector: Provides the means for control center to respond
20 HOMEOSTASIS CONT D Negative Feedback Mechanisms Causes stimulus to decline or end Positive Feedback Mechanisms (rare in the body) Enhances the stimulus Blood Clotting and birth of a baby
21 ANATOMICAL POSITION
22 REGIONAL TERMS
23 REGIONAL TERMS
24 DIRECTIONAL TERMS Superior/ Inferior Anterior/Posterior Dorsal/Ventral Cranial/Caudal Medial/Lateral Proximal Distal Superficial/Deep
25 BODY PLANES AND SECTIONS
26 DIRECTIONAL TERMS Prone and Supine
27 BODY CAVITIES Dorsal body cavity Cranial cavity Spinal cavity Ventral body cavity Thoracic cavity Diaphragm Abdominopelvic Abdominal pelvic
28 ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITY 4 Quadrants Right Upper Left Upper Right Lower Left Lower
29 ABDOMINOPELVIC REGIONS Umbilical Region Epigastric Region Hypogastric (pubic) Region Right Iliac (inguinal) Region Left Iliac (inguinal) Region Right Lumbar Region Left Lumbar Region Right Hypochondriac Region Left Hypochondriac Region
30 ANTERIOR VIEW OF VENTRAL BODY CAVITY ORGAN S Lungs Liver Heart Diaphragm Spleen Stomach Small Intestine Large intestine (Colon) Gallbladder Appendix Bladder
31 GROUP WORK
32
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