Study on the phytochemical, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Simarouba glauca
|
|
- Samson Bennett
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 South Indian Journal Of Biological Sciences 2016; 2(1); ONLINE ISSN: Research Article Study on the phytochemical, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Simarouba glauca Sneha Kochath Santhosh 1, Aswathy Venugopal 1, Meera Chakrappully Radhakrishnan 1, * 1 Department of Microbiology, St. Mary s College, Thrissur, Kerala, India * Corresponding author: Meera Chakrappully Radhakrishnan; E mail: meera_mahes@yahoo.com; Tel.: Received 31 July 2015; Revised 22 September 2015; Accepted 28 September 2015; Published 2 January 2016 Abstract Since time immemorial Simarouba glauca has been used as a natural medicine in tropics. Crude petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts from dried leaves of S. glauca were tested for the antibacterial and antioxidant activity. Preliminary screenings for the phytochemicals were done using the standard qualitative methods. Antibacterial activity was studied using disc diffusion assay against the organisms like Staphylococcus, Salmonella, Bacillus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas sp and Escherichia coli. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using total antioxidant assay, Hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and 2,2, diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenol, terpenoids, proteins, steroids, and carbohydrate in the ethyl acetate extract and terpenoids and steroids in the petroleum ether extract.both extracts showed significant antioxidant activity in a dose dependent manner. However, ethyl acetate extract was found to be more effective as compared to petroleum ether extract. Antibacterial activity was not found to be significant. The results suggest that S. glauca has promising antioxidant activity and could serve as a potential source for natural antioxidants. Keywords: Simarouba glauca, Antibacterial activity, Antioxidant activity, Phytochemicals 1. Introduction The use of higher plants and their extracts to treat infections is an age old practice. The medicinal value of these plants lies in some chemical substances that produce a definite physiological action on the human body. The most important of these bioactive constituents of plants are alkaloids, tannins, flavanoids and phenolic compounds (Hill 1952). Simarouba glauca is a rain fed wasteland evergreen edible oil tree, commonly known as Laxmitaru or paradise tree. Belonging to the plant family Simaroubaceae, S.glauca bears various groups of chemical components (Harbone 1973). The main active group of chemicals in Simarouba is called quassinoids, which belong to the triterpine chemical family. Simarouba glauca has several uses, mainly as herbal medicine. All parts of the plant namely seed, shell, fruit pulp, leaf, leaf litter, unwanted branches, stem, bark, and root generate products that are useful in the production of food, fuel, manure, timber, medicine Antonisamy et al., 2015; Barathi and Agastian 119
2 2015; Rathi et al., 2015; Nandhini and Stella Bai 2015)..Chemical constituents of simarouba extracts exhibit antimicrobial, antifungal, antiprotozoal and antiviral activity. Components with antimalarial, and antileukemic activities have been also isolated from Simarouba sp. The plant is considered to have antiseptic, analgesic, astringent and vermifuge properties (Collins and Lyner 1987). Simarouba bark is a natural remedy against chronic and acute dysentery. It is taken internally for diarrhea, dysentery, malaria and colitis. The tree is also called as dysentery bark. The chemicals present in leaf, fruit, pulp and seed of S. glauca are known to posses the medicinal properties such as antimicrobial, antiviral, astringent, emmenagogue, stomachic, tonic, vermifuge. The free radicals are species with very short half life, high reactivity and damaging activity towards macromolecules like proteins, DNA and lipids. These species may be either oxygen derived (ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species) or nitrogen derived (RNS, Reactive Nitrogen Species). In recent years, many studies evidenced that plants containing high content of antioxidant phytochemicals can provide protection against various diseases induced by free radicals (Sofowora 1993). Large number of scientific studies also revealed that the plant extracts are rich source of natural antioxidants (Trease and Evans 1989). The present study was focused on the evaluation of the antibacterial and anti oxidant properties of different extracts isolated from S. glauca. Preliminary photochemical evaluation of the isolated extracts was also carried out. 2. Materials and methods 2.1. Collection of plant materials Simarouba glauca was collected from outskirts of Thrissur, Kerala. The plant was identified at the Dept. of Botany, St. Mary s College, Thrissur. Fresh leaves of the plant Simarouba glauca were collected and were dried for six hours at C. The dried leaves were then crushed into powder. The powdered samples were stored in bottles at room temperature till use Preparation of extracts The crude powdered sample of 200 g was extracted with petroleum ether and ethyl acetate in a soxhlet apparatus for 8 10 h, repeatedly thrice. Both solvent extracts were collected separately and filtered through Whatmann No.1 filter paper and evaporated to dryness. The dried samples were than stored in air tight bottles at 4 0 C Phytochemical screening Phytochemical analysis were carried out with petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts of Simarouba glauca, using standard procedure described by Sofowara (1993), Trease and Evans (1989) and Harborne (1973). The presence of alkaloids, tannin, anthraquinone, flavanoids, phenol, steroids, terpenoids, proteins and carbohydrates were tested Antibacterial activity Antibacterial test was carried out by disc diffusion method (Collins 1987; Balachandran et al., 2015) against Staphylococcus, Salmonella, Bacillus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas sp and Escherichia coli. Briefly, 0.1 ml culture was uniformly distributed on to Muller Hinton agar plates. Whatsman No 1 filter paper disc of 4 mm diameter were made and sterilized. Then discs were placed on the surface of Muller Hinton agar 120
3 plates at a distance of 2 cm. Drugs of different concentrations (250, 500, 750, 1000 μg/ml) were added on each disc and incubated at 37 0 C for h. After incubation zone diameter was measured Anti oxidant activity Total anti oxidant capacity assay The total antioxidant capacity measured according to sepctrophotometric method. Each extract (10 mg/ml) upto a volume of 0.1 ml was dissolved in water and taken with 1 ml of reagent solution (0.6 M sulphuric acid, 2.8 mm Sodium phosphate and 4 mm Ammonium molybdate). The tubes were capped and incubated at 95 0 C for 90 minute. After cooling to room temperature, absorbance was measured at 695 nm. Vitamin C was used as the standard Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity Hydroxyl radicals generated from Fe 3 ascorbate EDTA H2O2 system (Fenton s reaction) was estimated by its degradation of deoxyribose that resulted in thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) (Elizabeth and Rao 1990). The reaction mixture contained deoxyribose (28 Mm); FeCl3 (1 mm); KH2PO4 KOH buffer (20 Mm, p H 7.4); EDTA (1mM); H2O2 (1 Mm); ascorbic acid( 0.1 mm) and various concentrations of the extracts in a final volume of 1.0 ml. The reaction mixture was incubated for 1 hour at 37 0 C. The TBARS formed was estimated by TBA method (Ohkawn et al., 1979). The absorbance was measured at 532 nm. Vitamin C was used as the standard DPPH free radical scavenging activity In this method a commercially available and stable free radical 2,2, diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH + ) soluble in methanol was used. DPPH in its radical form has an absorption peak at 515 nm, which disappeared on reduction by an antioxidant compound. An aliquot (25 μl) of the extracts was added to 1 ml of freshly prepared DPPH solution. The samples were kept for 20 min in darkness and the decrease in the absorbance was measured at 515 nm. Vitamin C was used as the standard. 3. Results and discussion 3.1. Phytochemical analysis Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenols, terpeniods, proteins, steroids, and carbohydrate in the ethyl acetate extract and terpeniods and steroids test in the petroleum ether extract (Table 1). Table 1. Phytochemical analysis of Simarouba glauca. Phytochemicals Ethyl acetate extract Petroleum ether extract Tannin Flavanoids Quinines Terpeniods + + Phenols + Steroids + + Alkaloids Carbohydrates + Proteins + 121
4 3.2. Antibacterial activity The antibacterial effects of ethyl acetate and petroleum ether extracts from Simarouba glauca were tested against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria by disc diffusion method. Petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extract of Simarouba glauca showed no activity towards all the tested organisms Antioxidant activity Antioxidant acitivity of the petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extract from the plant leaf Simarouba glauca was done by total antioxidant assay, DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay Total antioxidant activity The ethyl acetate as well as petroleum ether extracts of Simarouba glauca showed significant antioxidant activity in a dose dependent manner. IC50 value of ethyl acetate and petroleum ether was found to be 1000 μg and 2000 μg respectively. IC50 value of Vitamin C was 700 μg (Fig.1). Petroleum ether Ethyl acetate Fig.1. Total antioxidant capacity of the Simarouba glauca Hydroxyl radical scavenging assay The petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extract of Simarouba glauca showed significant scavenging activity of hrdroxyl radical generated by Fenton s reaction. The graphical representation shows the increase in activity with response to the increase in drug concentration. The ethyl extract has more activity than petroleum ether. IC50 value of ethyl acetate and petroleum ether was found to be 1120 μg and 1320 μg respectively. IC50 value of vitamin C was 700 μg (Fig. 2). 122
5 Ethyl acetate Petroleum ether Fig. 2. Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of Simarouba glauca DPPH free radical scavenging activity The ethyl acetate as well as petroleum ether extract of Simarouba glauca also showed profound free radical scavenging activity in DPPH assay. The graphical representation shows the increase in DPPH activity with response to the increase in drug concentration. IC50 value of ethyl acetate and petroleum ether was found to be 1200 μg and 1280 μg respectively. IC50 value of Vitamin C was 700 μg (Fig. 3). Ethyl acetate Petroleum ether Fig.3. DPPH free radical scavenging activity of Simarouba glauca. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of a large number of biological active plant constituents in the extract of Simarouba glauca. The result showed variations in number of phytochemicals obtained in both the extracts. Compared to both the solvents extracts, more number of 123
6 metabolites was detected in the ethyl acetate extract. This may be due to high solubility of active compounds of Simarouba glauca with ethyl acetate using the extraction process compared to petroleum ether solvent. 4. Conclusion The antioxidant activity for both the extracts was conducted using total antioxidant assay, DPPH, Hydroxyl radical scavenging assay. Both extracts showed significant antioxidant activity in the dose dependent manner. Ethyl acetate extract was more active compared to the petroleum ether extract. It may be due to the presence of more number of phytochemicals in this extract. The results of the study revealed the antioxidant property of Simarouba glauca. Simarouba glauca can be a potential and effective resource for drug discovery. Further research may pave way to the development of effective antioxidant and antibacterial agents from Simarouba glauca. Conflict of interest statement We declare that we have no conflict of interest. References 1. Antonisamy P, Duraipandiyan V, Ignacimuthu S, Kim J H. (2015). Anti diarrhoeal activity of friedelin isolated from Azima tetracantha Lam. in Wistar rats. South Indian Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(1), Balachandran C, Duraipandiyan V, Emi N, Ignacimuthu S. (2015). Antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of Streptomyces sp. (ERINLG 51) isolated from Southern Western Ghats. South Indian Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(1), Barathi KK, Agastian P. (2015). In vitro regeneration of a rare antidiabetic plant Epaltes divaricata L. South Indian Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(1), Collins C H, Lyner P M. (1987). Microbiological methods. Butter worths and co publisher, London. 5. Elizabeth K, Rao MNA. (1990). Oxygen radical scavenging activity of curcumin. International Journal of Pharmaceuticals, 58, Harborne JB. (1973). Phytochemical dictionary. A handbook of bioactive compounds from plants. Taylor and Francis, London. 7. Hill AF. (1952). Economic botany: A Textbook of Useful Plants and Plant Products, 2 nd edn. Mc Graw Hill Book Company Inc., New York. 8. Nandhini VS, Stella Bai GV. (2015). In vitro phytopharmacological effect and cardio protective activity of Rauvolfia tetraphylla L. South Indian Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(2), Okhawa H, Ohisimi N, Yagi. K Assay for lipid peroxides in animal Tissue thiobarbituric acid reaction. Analytical Biochemistry, 95, Rathi MA, Meenakshi P, Gopalakrishnan VK. (2015).Hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Alysicarpus vaginalis against nitrobenzene induced hepatic damage in rats. South Indian Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(2), Sofowora A. (1993). Medicinal plants and Traditional Medicine in Africa. Spectrum Books Ltd (Pub.), Ibadan. 12. Trease GE, Evans WC. (1989). Pharmacognosy. 13th (ed). ELBS/Bailliere Tindall, London. pp
Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant property of Aegle marmelos Extracts
ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 9 (2015) pp. 826-830 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant property of Aegle marmelos Extracts Anjay Kumar Gupta*, Sumeet
More informationPRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN-VITRO FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF MELOCHIA CORCHORIFOLIA PLANT EXTRACTS
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHARMACY AND CHEMISTRY Available online at www.ijrpc.com Research Article PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN-VITRO FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF MELOCHIA
More informationIn Vitro Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Pholidota articulata
Human Journals Research Article November 2016 Vol.:5, Issue:1 All rights are reserved by Darshan Singh et al. In Vitro Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Pholidota articulata Keywords:
More informationInternational Journal of Research in Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics
International Journal of Research in Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics ISSN Print: 2278-2648 IJRPP Vol.4 Issue 2 April-June-2015 ISSN Online: 2278-2656 Journal Home page: Research article Open Access
More informationIn vitro study of antibacterial activity of Carissa carandas leaf extracts
Available online at www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Asian Journal of Plant Science and Research, 2012, 2 (1):36-40 ISSN : 2249-7412 CODEN (USA): AJPSKY In vitro study of antibacterial activity of Carissa
More informationHigher plants produced hundreds to thousands of diverse chemical compounds with different biological activities (Hamburger and Hostettmann, 1991).
4. ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF PHYSALIS MINIMA L. 4.1. Introduction Use of herbal medicines in Asia represents a long history of human interactions with the environment. Plants used for traditional medicine
More informationChandan Prasad.et.al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application ISSN : , Vol. 7, Issue 9, ( Part -6) September 2017, pp.
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Antibacterial properties of Unripened Fruits of Trapa natans, Annona squamosa, Ficus carica and Anthocephalus cadamba against Pathogenic Gram Positive and Negative Bacteria.
More informationPhytochemical screening and antibacterial properties of Garcinia kola
2013; 2(3): 34-38 Online at: www.phytopharmajournal.com Research Article ISSN 2230-480X JPHYTO 2013; 2(3): 34-38 2013, All rights reserved Phytochemical screening and antibacterial properties of Garcinia
More informationWORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences SJIF Impact Factor 6.
WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES Neeru et al. SJIF Impact Factor 6.041 Volume 5, Issue 6, 1884-1891 Research Article ISSN 2278 4357 DETERMINATION OF TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT, TOTAL FLAVONOID
More informationEffect of ethanolic extract of Phyllanthus emblica on captan induced oxidative stress in vivo
South Indian Journal Of Biological Sciences 2016; 2(1); 95 102 ONLINE ISSN: 2454 4787 Research Article Effect of ethanolic extract of Phyllanthus emblica on captan induced oxidative stress in vivo Nusrath
More informationCHAPTER 8 ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF THE CRUDE ETHANOLIC EXTRACT AND THE ISOLATED COMPOUNDS FROM THE STEM OF COSTUS IGNEUS
CHAPTER 8 ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF THE CRUDE ETHANOLIC EXTRACT AND THE ISOLATED COMPOUNDS FROM THE STEM OF COSTUS IGNEUS 8.1 INTRODUCTION Medicinal plants are the backbone of traditional medicine and
More informationInternational Journal of Pharma Research and Health Sciences. Available online at
DOI:10.21276/ijprhs.2018. 2018. 03.08 K Padmalochana CODEN (USA)-IJPRUR, e-issn: 2348-6465 International Journal of Pharma Research and Health Sciences Available online at www.pharmahealthsciences.net
More informationAntioxidant Activity of the plant Andrographis paniculata (Invitro)
Chapter 4 Antioxidant Activity of the plant Andrographis paniculata (Invitro) 4.1 INTRODUCTION Antioxidants prevents or repairs the cells against reactive oxygen species, reduces damage caused by free
More informationPharmacologyonline 2: (2011) ewsletter Tiwari et al. A EVALUATIO OF A TIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF ROOT EXTRACT OF CALE DULA OFFICI ALIS (LI.
A EVALUATIO OF A TIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF ROOT EXTRACT OF CALE DULA OFFICI ALIS (LI.) *Prashant Tiwari 1, Ritesh Jain 1, Kuldeep Kumar 2, Rajnikant Panik 3, Pratap Kumar Sahu 4 1. School of Pharmacy,
More informationThe Journal of Phytopharmacology
Volume 1 Issue 3 2012 The Journal of Phytopharmacology (Pharmacognosy and Phytomedicine Research) Comparing of antioxidant and DPPH induced free radical scavenging activity of Sesbania grandiflora and
More informationANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF Sida retusa, Urena lobata AND Triumfetta rhomboidea
Ancient Science Vol : XXV(3&4) January, February, March, April, May, June 2006 ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF Sida retusa, Urena lobata AND Triumfetta rhomboidea K.P.Lissy*, Thara K. Simon a and M.S. Latha b
More informationJigna Parekh, Nehal Karathia and Sumitra Chanda*
African Journal of Biomedical Research, Vol. 9 (); 53-5 ISSN 1119 59 Ibadan Biomedical Communications Group Full Length Research Article Evaluation of antibacterial activity and phytochemical analysis
More informationPreliminary Phytochemical Screening Analysis and Therapeutic Potential of Tecoma stans (L.)
International Journal of Applied Chemistry. ISSN 0973-1792 Volume 13, Number 1 (2017) pp. 129-134 Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com Preliminary Phytochemical Screening Analysis and
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Antiradical and antioxidant activity of flavones from Scutellariae baicalensis radix
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Antiradical and antioxidant activity of flavones from Scutellariae baicalensis radix Dorota Woźniak A, Andrzej Dryś B, and Adam Matkowski* A A Department of Pharmaceutical Biology
More informationPreliminary Assessment of Phytochemical Constituents and Antibacterial Activity of Crude Leaves Extracts of Simarouba glauca
Bioscience Discovery, 8(1):3034, Jan. 2017 RUT Printer and Publisher Print & Online, Open Access, Research Journal Available on http://jbsd.in ISSN: 22293469 (Print); ISSN: 2231024X (Online) Research Article
More informationTHE EFFECT OF ALKALOIDS AND FLAVONOIDS EXTRACTS OF VITEX DONIANA SEED ON SOME MICROORGANISMS
THE EFFECT OF ALKALOIDS AND FLAVONOIDS EXTRACTS OF VITEX DONIANA SEED ON SOME MICROORGANISMS E.I. Okoye Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Anambra State University, Uli, Nigeria ABSTRACT: This
More informationANTIMICROBIAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF TRAGIA INVOLUCRATA L. USING UV-VIS AND FTIR
ANTIMICROBIAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF TRAGIA INVOLUCRATA L. USING UV-VIS AND FTIR Sahaya Sathish S, Vijayakanth P, Palani R, Thamizharasi T and Vimala A Department of Botany, St. Joseph s College
More informationPhytochemical analysis and antibacterial properties of leaf extract of Azima tetracantha (Lam.)
Available online at www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Asian Journal of Plant Science and Research, 2012, 2 (2):110-114 ISSN : 2249-7412 CODEN (USA): AJPSKY Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial properties
More informationANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF LEAF AND SEED EXTRACTS OF DELONIX REGIA AND ACHYRANTHUS ASPERA AGAINST SELECTED BACTERIAL STRAINS
Int. J. Pharm. Med. & Bio. Sc. 2013 Dhanalakshmi D and Manimegalai K, 2013 Research Paper ISSN 2278 5221 www.ijpmbs.com Vol. 2, No. 2, April 2013 2013 IJPMBS. All Rights Reserved ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY
More informationStudy of Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Citrus aurantifolia Seed Extracts
American Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2016, 7, 254-259 Published Online March 2016 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/ajac http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajac.2016.73022 Study of Phytochemical Screening
More informationResearch Article GALLIC ACID AND FLAVONOID ACTIVITIES OF AMARANTHUS GANGETICUS
ISSN 2395-3411 Available online at www.ijpacr.com 238 Research Article GALLIC ACID AND FLAVONOID ACTIVITIES OF AMARANTHUS GANGETICUS G. Jyoti Jain 1* and S. Ramachandra Setty 2 1 Department of Pharmacology,
More informationIn Vitro Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Phytochemical Analysis of Helianthus annuus Leaves Extract on Some Bacteria Causing Infection
Human Journals Research Article August 2015 Vol.:4, Issue:1 All rights are reserved by Eze VC et al. In Vitro Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Phytochemical Analysis of Helianthus annuus Leaves Extract on
More informationIn vitro antioxidant activity of a flavonoid compound isolated from methanolic extract of Helianthus annuus leaves (Asteraceae)
Available online at www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com Scholars Research Library Der Pharmacia Lettre, 2017, 9 [6]:28-34 [http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html] ISSN 0975-5071 USA CODEN: DPLEB4
More informationIn Vitro Antioxidant Activity of some Edibles Bearing Nutritional Value
International Journal of Biotechnology and Bioengineering Research. ISSN 2231-1238, Volume 4, Number 5 (2013), pp. 487-494 Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com/ ijbbr.htm In Vitro Antioxidant
More informationS. Sumathi*, G.T. Iswariya, B. Sivaprabha, B. Dharani, P. Radha, and P.R. Padma
IJPSR (2013), Vol. 4, Issue 3 (Research Article) Received on 21 November, 2012; received in revised form, 11 January, 2013; accepted, 23 February, 2013 COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY
More informationPinus glabra - As a potential source of anti-mycobacterium tuberculosis agent: Phytochemical and antimicrobial studies of its stem extracts
Pinus glabra - As a potential source of anti-mycobacterium tuberculosis agent: Phytochemical and antimicrobial studies of its stem extracts I. O. Olanrewaju 1, J. O. Echeme 2, E. E. Adjere-Taunu 1, R.
More informationPhytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activities of Carissa carandas L.
Universities Research Journal 2011, Vol. 4, No. 1 Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activities of Carissa carandas L. Aye Aye Naing Abstract The plant Carissa carandas L. locally known as Khan-pin,
More information6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Infectious diseases are one of man s oldest enemies. They continue to be a serious burden around the world, in developing and industrialised countries alike. It is said that every
More informationInternational Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 7, Issue 8, August ISSN
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 7, Issue 8, August-2016 105 Antimicrobial activity of Andrographis paniculata stem extracts. S.Gurupriya 1 and Dr.L.Cathrine 2 1 M.phil
More informationIn vitro antimicrobial activity of leaves and bark extracts of Ficus religiosa (Linn.)
INDIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL & BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH (IJPBR). Vol. 1 (1), March., 13 In vitro antimicrobial activity of leaves and bark extracts of Ficus religiosa (Linn.) G.Ramakrishnaiah * 1, T. Hariprasad
More informationPreliminary Phytochemical Screening of Two Medicinal Plants - Annona squamosa (L.) and Garcinia gummi-gutta (L.) Roxb.
Human Journals Research Article August 2017 Vol.:10, Issue:1 All rights are reserved by Gayathri, V. et al. Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Two Medicinal Plants - Annona squamosa (L.) and Garcinia
More informationPreliminary Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Leaf Extracts of Capparis sepiaria, Euphorbia heterophylla and Tamilnadia uliginosa
International Journal of Current Research in Biosciences and Plant Biology Volume 4 Number 6 (June-2017) ISSN: 2349-8080 (Online) Journal homepage: www.ijcrbp.com Original Research Article doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcrbp.2017.406.013
More informationScreening of Antimicrobials of some Medicinal Plants by TLC Bioautography
Screening of Antimicrobials of some Medicinal Plants by TLC Bioautography Middha Himanshu 1* and Parihar Pradeep 2 1Department of Microbiology, DTM College of Biosciences, Bikaner, Rajasthan 2 Lovely Professional
More informationAvailable online at Phytochemical analysis and inhibitory activity of Ornamental Plant (Bougainvillea spectabilis)
Available online at www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Asian Journal of Plant Science and Research, 13, 3(2):1- ISSN : 2249-7412 CODEN (USA): AJPSKY Phytochemical analysis and inhibitory activity of Ornamental
More informationPRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF DIFFERENT EXTRACTS OF Saccharum officinarum Linn (Ikshu) ROOTS
International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 5, No 4, 2016, 2315 2322 ISSN 2278-3687 (O) 2277-663X (P) PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF DIFFERENT
More informationBioprospecting of Neem for Antimicrobial Activity against Soil Microbes
ISSN: 2454-132X Impact factor: 4.295 (Volume3, Issue1) Available online at: www.ijariit.com Bioprospecting of Neem for Antimicrobial Activity against Soil Microbes R. Prasanna PRIST University, Tamilnadu
More informationPhytochemical and antioxidant properties of some Cassia species
Phytochemical and antioxidant properties of some Cassia species Firdose R. Kolar a *, Chaya L. Gogi a, Mairunisabegum M. Khudavand a, Meera S. Choudhari a and Sindhu B. Patil a a Department of Botany,
More informationAntioxidant Activity and Anticancer Study on Phytochemicals Extract from Tubers of Gloriosa superba against Human Cancer Cell (Hep-G2)
Antioxidant Activity and Anticancer Study on Phytochemicals Extract from Tubers of Gloriosa superba against Human Cancer Cell (Hep-G2) Simon SE 1* and Jayakumar FA 2 1 Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan
More informationResearch Article An In-Vitro Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Methanolic Extracts of Whole Plant of Teramnus labialis (Linn.)
Research Article An In-Vitro Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Methanolic Extracts of Whole Plant of Teramnus labialis (Linn.) G. Alagumani Vasagam*, A. Kottai Muthu and R. Manavalan Department of Pharmacy,
More informationPhytochemical analysis and antifungal activity of Cauliflower stem (Brassica oleraceae var botrytis L.)
Phytochemical analysis and antifungal activity of Cauliflower stem (Brassica oleraceae var botrytis L.) Gowri, G 1 and Manimegalai, K 2 1,2 Department of Zoology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science
More informationAntioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Tabebuia Rosea
24 sobiyana et al., Available Online http://www.ijncse.com ISSN Online: 2395-7018 2(6) (2015) 24-30 Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Tabebuia Rosea ABSTRACT P.Sobiyana *, G.Anburaj, R.Manikandan
More informationOPTIMIZATION OF MICROWAVE-ASSISTED EXTRACTION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM LEAVES AND STEMS OF THAI WATER SPINACH (Ipomoea aquatic var.
OPTIMIZATION OF MICROWAVE-ASSISTED EXTRACTION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM LEAVES AND STEMS OF THAI WATER SPINACH (Ipomoea aquatic var. aquatica) Boonnet Koonchanok 1, Thadsaneeya Cheunchob 1, Nisakorn
More informationAliphatic acids. Cycloaliphatic compounds. Lactone carboxylic acids. Polyketide pathway LICHEN. Shikimic acid. pathway
LICHEN CHEMISTRY The secondary chemicals produced by lichens have attracted the attention of investigators for over 100 years, and information about their structure, biogenic origin and phylogenetic significance
More informationIn vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Bark and Flower Extracts of Pimenta officinalis Lindl.
ADVANCES IN BIORESEARCH, Vol 1 [2] December 2010: 61-68 Society of Education, India http://www.soeagra.com ISSN 0976-4585 RESEARCH PAPER In vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Bark and Flower
More informationInternational Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences
Research Article Microbiology International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences ISSN 0975-6299 PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CLITORIA TERNATEA LEAVES AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
More informationAmudha S et al., Asian Journal of Pharmthiaceutical Technology & Innovation, 04 (21); 2016; Research Article
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Technology & Innovation ISSN: 2347-8810 Research Article Received on: 09-11-2016 Accepted on: 20-11-2016 Published on: 15-12-2016 Corresponding Author: * Amudha S, Dept.
More informationOcta Journal of Biosciences
Octa Journal of Biosciences ISSN 2321 3663 International peer-reviewed journal June 2014 Octa. J. Biosci. Vol. 2(1):59-63 Octa Journal of Biosciences journal homepage: www.sciencebeingjournal.com Antimicrobial
More informationAsian Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Research Journal home page:
Research Article ISSN: 2321 0915 Asian Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Research Journal home page: www.ajpcrjournal.com PHYTOCHEMICAL ESTIMATIONS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC AND ACETONE
More informationAntibacterial Activity of Francoeuria crispa, Pulicaria undulata, Ziziphus spina-christi and Cucurbita pepo Against Seven Standard Pathogenic Bacteria
Ethnobotanical Leaflets : 733. 09. Antibacterial Activity of,, Ziziphus spinachristi and Against Seven Standard Pathogenic Bacteria Hatil Hashim ElKamali 1* and Sana AlTayeb Mahjoub 2 1 Department of Botany,
More informationThe In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Polyalthia Longifolia
2012 International Conference on Nutrition and Food Sciences IPCBEE vol. 39 (2012) (2012) IACSIT Press, Singapore The In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Polyalthia Longifolia Subramanion L Jothy, Azlan Aziz
More informationEvaluation of Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Leaf and Seed Extracts of Croton Tiglium Plant against Skin Disease Causing Microbes
International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences (IJRSB) Volume 3, Issue 5, May 2015, PP 139-144 ISSN 2349-0357 (Print) & ISSN 2349-0365 (Online) www.arcjournals.org Evaluation of Antibacterial
More informationIn Vitro Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Analysis of Boerhaavia diffusa Linn.
Ethnobotanical Leaflets 13: 263-68. 2009. In Vitro Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Analysis of Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. Teepica Priya Darsini D* 1, J.M. Sasikumar 1 and Kulandhaivel M. 2 1 Department of Industrial
More informationPharmacognostic and preliminary phytochemical analysis of Aegle marmelos L. and Centella asiatica L.
Pharmacognostic and preliminary phytochemical analysis of Aegle marmelos L. and Centella asiatica L. A. Vijayalakshmi, G. Sakthivigneswari and Suganya, J. Department of Botany, Avinashilingam Institute
More informationGC-MS analysis and Anti-Oxidant Activity of Simarouba Glauca Leaf Extract
GC-MS analysis and Anti-Oxidant Activity of Simarouba Glauca Leaf Extract Ramesh. J 1, S. Gurupriya 2, Dr.L.Cathrine 3 1,2 Research Scholar, Department of Chemistry, Holy cross College, Tiruchirappalli,
More informationAvailable online at
Available online at www.ijpab.com ISSN: 2320 7051 Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 3 (1): 203-206 (2015) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PURE & APPLIED BIOSCIENCE Research Article Antifungal Activity of the Plant Extracts
More informationAntioxidant and antimicrobial potential of methanolic extract of Indian sacred grove Gymnostachyum febrifugum Benth. root
Antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of methanolic extract of Indian sacred grove Gymnostachyum febrifugum Benth. root Karuppusamy Arunachalam Bioprospecting Laboratory, Department of Botany, Bharathiar
More informationDetermination of Tanninoids. Analytical Pharmacognosy
QUIZ If the manager of a phytopharmaceutical industry wish to buy one chromatographic equipment, which one you recommend, HPLC or TLC densitometer. What are the reasons to support your recommendation.
More information4. Determination of fat content (AOAC, 2000) Reagents
94 ANALYTICAL METHODS 1. Determination of moisture content (AOAC, 2000) 1. Dry the empty dish and lid in the oven at 105 C for 3 h and transfer to desiccator to cool. Weigh the empty dish and lid. 2. Weigh
More informationANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF GYMNEMA SYLVESTRE HYDROALCOHOLIC LEAF EXTRACT.
International Journal of Advanced Research and Review www.ijarr.in ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF GYMNEMA SYLVESTRE HYDROALCOHOLIC LEAF EXTRACT. Dr.Mayuri Thanwar 1, Dr.Dhananjay Dwivedi 2 1. Scientific Officer,
More informationStudies on the Antibacterial Activity of Quercus Infectoria Galls
2011 International Conference on Bioscience, Biochemistry and Bioinformatics IPCBEE vol.5 (2011) (2011) IACSIT Press, Singapore Studies on the Antibacterial Activity of Quercus Infectoria Galls T.Leela
More informationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INSTITUTIONAL PHARMACY AND LIFE SCIENCES
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN): 2249-6807 International Journal of Institutional Pharmacy and Life Sciences 5(4): July-August 2015 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INSTITUTIONAL PHARMACY AND LIFE
More informationIN VITRO ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF FLOWER EXTRACTS OF COUROUPITA GUIANENSIS
CHAPTER 3 IN VITRO ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF FLOWER EXTRACTS OF COUROUPITA GUIANENSIS 3. INTRODUCTION Plants are the basic source of knowledge of modern medicine. Almost all the parts of the plant, namely
More informationInternational Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine 1:1 (2011) 1 7
International Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine 1:1 (2011) 1 7 Journal homepage: http://www.interscience.org.uk/index.php/ijahm Preliminary phyto chemical screening and anti microbial activities
More informationEvaluation of In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Sateria verticillata Leaves by Using DPPH Scavenging Assay
Human Journals Research Article August 2015 Vol.:4, Issue:1 All rights are reserved by Chintala Shivakoti et al. Evaluation of In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Sateria verticillata Leaves by Using DPPH
More informationPhytochemical Screening of Tubers and Leaf extracts of Sagittaria sagittifolial.:newsa (Arrowhead)
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 7, Issue 9, September 2017 431 Phytochemical Screening of Tubers and Leaf extracts of Sagittaria sagittifolial.:newsa (Arrowhead) Anita
More informationPhytochemistry and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Some Indigenous Vegetables in the Ilocos
Phytochemistry and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Some Indigenous Vegetables in the Ilocos MAINGELLINE B. VIVIT* AND MENISA A. ANTONIO Research Directorate, Mariano Marcos State University City of
More informationPelagia Research Library. Evaluation of antioxidant and antiacne property of Rubia cordifolia
Available online at www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Der Pharmacia Sinica, 2010, 1 (3): 59-63 ISSN: 0976-8688 CODEN (USA): PSHIBD Evaluation of antioxidant and antiacne property of Rubia cordifolia Archana
More informationReceived on 10 September, 2013; received in revised form, 20 October, 2013; accepted, 11 January, 2014; published 01 February, 2014
IJPSR (2014), Vol. 5, Issue 2 (Research Article) Received on 10 September, 2013; received in revised form, 20 October, 2013; accepted, 11 January, 2014; published 01 February, 2014 IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL,
More informationIN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF VARIOUS EXTRACTS OF MIRABILIS JALAPA LEAVES
Int. J. Chem. Sci.: 8(1), 2010, 559-564 IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF VARIOUS EXTRACTS OF MIRABILIS JALAPA LEAVES R. MEERA *, P. DEVI a, P. MUTHUMANI, B. KAMESWARI b and B. ESWARAPRIYA c Department
More informationQUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF SECONDARY PHYTOCHEMICAL IN GYMNEMA SYLVESTRE
Indian J.Sci.Res. 12 (2): 150156, 2017 ISSN: 09762876 (Print) ISSN: 22500138(Online) QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF SECONDARY PHYTOCHEMICAL IN GYMNEMA SYLVESTRE A. KUMAR a1 AND SUNITA PATRA b
More informationAntibacterial activities of extracts and their fractions of leaves of Tridax procumbens Linn
Antibacterial activities of extracts and their fractions of leaves of Tridax procumbens Linn Dhasarathan. P 1, Hemalatha. N 2, Theriappan. P 1 and Ranjitsingh, A.J.A 3 1 Department of Biotechnology, Prathyusha
More information,Thiruvananthapuram 2Professor, Department of Botany, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram
Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Root Extracts of Myxopyrum smilacifolium Blume Praveen R.P 1. and Ashalatha S. Nair 2 1Research Scholar, Department of Botany, University of Kerala, Kariavattom,Thiruvananthapuram
More informationPreliminary phytochemical screening and antibacterial studies of the flowers of Antigonon leptopus
Available online at www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com Annals of Biological Research, 2010, 1 (4) : 229-233 (http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html) ISSN 0976-1233 CODEN (USA): ABRNBW Preliminary
More informationResearch Article In-vitro antioxidant activity of Cassia auriculata Leaves
Research Article In-vitro antioxidant activity of Cassia auriculata Leaves R. Radha 1*, MVV. Prasad 2, A. Lakshmi Devi 1, R. Bhanu Murthy, M. Ravi Kumar 1, B. Sitaram 3 and D. Ranganayakulu 1 1 Sri Padmavathi
More informationIn vitro Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Alcoholic Root Extract of Pseudarthria viscida
In vitro Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Alcoholic Root Extract of Pseudarthria viscida K. Rajendran 1 *, Annie Shirwaikar 1, Arun Shirwaikar 1, P. Ramalingam 1 and K.K. Srinivasan 2 1College of Pharmacy,
More informationPreparation and characterization of Aloe vera extract
Chapter 2 Preparation and characterization of Aloe vera extract 2.1. INTRODUCTION Aloe vera ethanolic extract was prepared according to Noor et.al, 2008 with few modifications. The phytochemical analysis
More informationPRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN-VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF CUCURBITA MAXIMA SEED EXTRACT
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHARMACY AND CHEMISTRY Available online at www.ijrpc.com Research Article PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND INVITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF CUCURBITA MAXIMA
More informationPhytochemical Screening of Unripe Green Fruit Peel of Musa acuminata
Serials Publications IJCE : 7(1), 2014: 11-15 Phytochemical Screening of Unripe Green Fruit Peel of Musa acuminata N. Gunavathy 1, S. Padmavathy 2 and S. C. Murugavel 3 1 Department of Chemistry, Nirmala
More informationPhytochemical,Screening,of,Various,Extracts,of,Root,of,Withania, Somnifera*(L)*Dunal*
Archieves*of*Business*Research* *Vol.3,*No.2* Publication*Date:March25,2015 DOI:10.14738/abr.32.823. Vinotha,S.,Thabrew,I.,&Ranjani,S.S.(2015).PhytochemicalScreeningofVariousExtractsofRootofWithaniaSomnifere
More informationIn-Vitro Phytochemical and Antimicrobial activity of Nyctanthes arbortristis Linn against human pathogens
Available online at www.ijpab.com ISSN: 2320 7051 Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 2 (1): 1-5 (2014) International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience Research Article In-Vitro Phytochemical and Antimicrobial
More informationStudies on the Antioxidant Properties of Various extracts of Hippophae rhamnoide
International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB) Vol-2, Issue-3, May-Jun- 217 http://dx.doi.org/.22161/ijeab/2.3.14 ISSN: 2456-1878 Studies on the Antioxidant Properties of Various
More informationToxicological Studies of the Aqueous Leaves Extracts of Combretum micranthum on Rats
International Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry ISSN 0973-2691 Volume 12, Number 2 (2016) pp. 167-171 Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com Toxicological Studies of the Aqueous
More informationHelix Vol. 4: (2012)
An analysis of the inhibitory effect of various fruit extracts on the Human Pathogenic Bacteria D Sagarika * * St. Francis College for Women, Begumpet, Hyderabad Phone: 8019909869, Email ID: sagarika1947@gmail.com
More informationPhytochemical and Anti-cholestrol activity of Aegel marmelos (L.) Corr. leaf extract using in albino mice
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Special Issue-3 (February-2016) pp. 82-87 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Phytochemical
More informationInfluence of the crude Phenolic, Alkaloid and Terpenoid compounds extracts of Cardaria draba (Lepidium draba L.) on Human Pathogenic Bacteria
Influence of the crude Phenolic, Alkaloid and Terpenoid extracts of Cardaria draba (Lepidium draba L.) on Human Pathogenic Bacteria Nebras M. Sahi Al-Khafaji 1, Ali Hussein Al-Marzoqi 2* (Corresponding
More informationAntimicrobial activity of Terminalia chebula
, ISSN 2249 4340 Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 175-179, September 2011 RESEARCH ARTICLE Antimicrobial activity of Terminalia chebula M. Golam MOSTAFA, Mahdia RAHMAN, M. Manjurul KARIM* Department of Microbiology,
More informationBiomarkers as a Tool for Validation of Herbs and Spices
Internet Journal of Food Safety, Vol.9, 7, p. -6 Copyright, Food Safety Information Publishing Biomarkers as a Tool for Validation of Herbs and Spices S. C. Jain *, E. Menghani and R. Jain Department of
More informationFigure 8.1: Principle reaction behind DPPH assay Unnati Shah Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University-Ph.D. thesis 136
8. Antioxidant and DNA fragmentation assay of bioactives of S. racemosa 8.1. Instrument Instruments used in the study were Gel electrophoresis assembly (Genei, India), UV spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, Japan)
More informationInternational Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences A COMPARITIVE STUDY OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME HERBS AND THEIR SYNERGISTIC EFFECT ABSTRACT
Research Article Microbiology International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences ISSN 0975-6299 A COMPARITIVE STUDY OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME HERBS AND THEIR SYNERGISTIC EFFECT SNEHA GOGTE*¹ AND
More informationPHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF CHLOROFORM EXTRACT OF URENA SINUATA (L.)
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF CHLOROFORM EXTRACT OF URENA SINUATA (L.) Dibyajyoti Saha*, Swati Paul Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong ABSTRACT:
More informationAvailable online Research Article. Archana K. and Jeyamanikandan V.*
Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2015, 7(4):1634-1639 Research Article ISSN : 0975-7384 CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 In vitro antibacterial, antioxidant and α-amylase
More informationAlpha Amylase Inhibitory Activity of Different Extract of Terminalia arjuna Bark
253 Alpha Amylase Inhibitory Activity of Different Extract of Terminalia arjuna Bark Priyanka Jaiswal* and Padma Kumar Laboratory of Plant Tissue culture and Secondary Metabolites, Department of Botany
More informationLife Science Archives (LSA)
Available online at www.jpsscientificpublications.com Life Science Archives (LSA) ISSN: 2454-1354 Volume 2; Issue - 2; Year 2016; Page: 514-518 Research Article ROLE OF Piper nigrum L. IN THE HEALTH CARE
More informationAntimicrobial Potential of Whole Plant and Callus Extract of Aristolochia bracteolata Lam
Human Journals Research Article October 2016 Vol.:7, Issue:3 All rights are reserved by A. Lavanya et al. Antimicrobial Potential of Whole Plant and Callus Extract of Aristolochia bracteolata Lam Keywords:
More information