Vitamin K & Antioxidants. NUT1602 E-Tutor 2018

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1 Vitamin K & Antioxidants NUT1602 E-Tutor 2018

2 Vitamin K O Can be obtained from non-food source O Bacteria in the GI tract O Acts primarily in blood clotting O Prothrombin O Metabolism of bone proteins O Osteocalcin O Low bone density O Other possible roles of vitamin K in the body

3 Blood-Clotting Process

4 Vitamin K Deficiency O Primary deficiency is rare O Secondary deficiency O Fat absorption falters O Some drugs disrupt vitamin K s synthesis and action O Newborn infants O Sterile intestinal tract O Single dose of vitamin K given at birth

5 Vitamin K Toxicity O Not common O No adverse effects with high intakes O No UL O High doses can reduce effectiveness of anticoagulant drugs

6 Vitamin K Sources O GI tract O Half of person s need O Stored in liver O Food sources O Green vegetables O Vegetable oils

7 The Fat-Soluble Vitamins In Summary O Toxicities are possible O Function of fat-soluble vitamins together O Vitamins E and A O Oxidation, absorption, and storage O Vitamins A, D, and K O Bone growth and remodeling O Vitamins E and K O Blood clotting

8 Highlight 11 Antioxidant Nutrients in Disease Prevention

9 Free Radicals and Disease O Free radical O Compound with one or more unpaired electrons O Look to steal electron from vulnerable compound O Electron-snatching chain reaction O Free radical production O Normal bodily functions O Environmental factors

10 Free Radicals and Disease O Antioxidants O Neutralize free radicals O Stable in various forms O Free radical attacks O Some are helpful O Most cause damage

11 Free Radicals and Disease O Free radical damage O Contribute to cell damage, disease progression, and aging O Polyunsaturated fatty acids in lipoproteins and membranes O Alter DNA, RNA, and proteins O Illicit inflammatory response

12 Free Radicals and Disease O Body s natural defenses and repair systems O Not 100 percent effective O Less effective with age O Oxidative stress O Cognitive performance O Cancer and heart disease O Arthritis and cataracts O Diabetes

13 Free-Radical Damage

14 Defending Against Free Radicals O System of enzymes against oxidants O Copper, selenium, manganese, and zinc O Antioxidant vitamins O Vitamin E O Defends body lipids O Beta-carotene O Defends lipid membranes O Vitamin C O Protects other tissues

15 Defending Against Cancer O Damage to cellular DNA O Antioxidants may protect DNA from this damage O Inverse relationship with vegetable intake O Positive relationship with beef and pork intake O Vitamin C as a prooxidant O Destruction of cancer cells O Vitamin E

16 Defending Against Heart Disease O Oxidized LDL scenario O Accelerate formation of artery-clogging plaques O Additional changes in arterial walls O Vitamin E protection O Supplements O Risk of supplement use by those who already have heart disease

17 Foods, Supplements, or Both? O Must replenish dietary antioxidants regularly O Foods O Antioxidants and other valuable nutrients O Antioxidant actions of fruits and vegetables are greater than their nutrients alone O Supplements O Contents are limited O Physiological levels vs. pharmacological doses

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