Human Digestion. Junior Science

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1 Human Digestion Junior Science

2 True or False The word stomach comes from the Greek meaning Throat. Butterflies in the stomach have nothing to do with the stomach. It is possible to live without your stomach. You can burst your stomach by eating too much. Ice cream freezes your stomach. Your stomach stops moving when you sleep. Your stomach can produce an acid which will dissolve bone.

3 Digestion is the process of breaking down food into molecules small enough for the body to absorb. Digestion

4 Food and Nutrition Nutrition is the taking in, breaking down and use of food to provide energy and help in growth and repair. Food is any substances which provide energy and enable, growth and repair in the body s cells. Nutrients are chemical compounds found in food carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals

5 Food Facts Food is any substance (solid or liquid) which provides one or more of the following: Promotes Growth Prevents Disease Provides Energy Maintains Normal Body Processes

6 Nutrients The components of food which have these functions are called NUTRIENTS these include: Carbohydrates Protein Fats Minerals Vitamins Fiber Water

7 Food Pyramid

8 Balanced Diet A habit of eating which supplies all the essential nutrients in the correct proportion for the needs of the body. This is not static and will change in accordance with the circumstances of the individual

9 The Digestive System The functions carried out by the digestive system include: INGESTION DIGESTION ABSORPTION ASSIMILATION EGESTION

10 Ingestion The Mouth Ingestion takes place in the mouth. The food is physically broken down by the teeth The enzyme Salivary Amylase begins the chemical digestion of Starch. Enzymes are a class of protein which act as a catalyst to speed up various chemical and biochemical reactions without being changed themselves.

11 Ingestion The Oesophagus Food moves from the mouth to the stomach via the oesophagus by a wave like motion called PERISTALSIS.

12 Mechanical Digestion The physical break down of food into smaller units Peristalsis Muscle Action Mastication Chewing

13 Chemical Digestion The chemical break down of food using enzymes Enzymes Chemical Catalysts

14 Digestion - The Stomach The stomach is a muscular storage tank. It can hold approximately 4 litres of food. Food stays in the stomach approximately 4-6 hrs Peristalsis mixes the food with gastric juice to form a watery paste called CHYME.

15 Gastric Juice Produced by glands in the stomach wall gastric juice contains: HCl inactivates salivary amylase and kills most bacteria. PEPSIN begins the digestion of protein into PEPTIDES. RENNIN (only in infants) curdles milk. Mucus helps protect the lining of the stomach from the HCl.

16 The Liver The liver is a very important organ Produces bile which is stored in the gall bladder and aids in the fat digestion Removes toxins from the blood. Helps to generate body heat. Stores essential vitamins such as Vitamin K (used to aid blood clotting) Converts stored glycogen into glucose for energy

17 The Pancreas The pancreas has two functions: The secretion of digestive enzymes which breakdown protein, fats and carbohydrates. The production of insulin which balances blood sugar levels.

18 Absorption - The small Intestine The main function is to complete digestion and enable the absorption of nutrients into the blood and lymph systems for assimilation on a cellular level. It is approximately 7-9m in length. Food remains here for approximately 2-4hrs.

19 The Small lntestine The villi

20 Absorption - The Large Intestine The main function is to re-absorb water into the body and eliminate waste products (faeces). The large intestine is approximately 1.5m in length. Undigested food (faeces) remains here for approximately hours Faeces contain undigested food (cellulose) and dead bacteria mucus and dead cells from the gut wall. excess bile and other secretions

21 Flatulence The removal of excess gases from the digestive tract. The odour is produced by bacteria feeding on protein (Indole/Skatole) which produces hydrogen sulphide.

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